Abstract Objective: To describe the changes in alcohol and drug use by Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (April-August 2021), and to analyze the relationship between alcohol use changes and psychiatric symptomatology. Methods: A secondary analysis with a longitudinal approach was performed with data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial, conductedin73publicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian cities, to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug use prevention program. The sample included 535 students (61% girls; Mage = 15.2 years). Data were collected pre-intervention (February-March 2019), after 9 months (November-December 2019), and after 26 months (April-August 2021), when the students were in their first year of high school. The authors analyzed drug use prevalence (alcohol, binge drinking, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, and crack) in a lifetime, past year, and past month periods, and the association between alcohol use change subsamples with psychiatric symptoms. Logistic regressions were adjusted by sex, age, socioeconomic status, city, and group (control and intervention). Results: The present findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in past-year substance use and in past-month substance use frequency, despite the gradually increased (but decelerating) prevalence of lifetime use. However, some adolescents initiated, maintained, or increased the frequency of their alcohol use. Mainly, they were more likely to present behavioral problems, as well as symptoms of inattentive hyperactivity, and peer and emotional problems. Conclusions: Despite the extensive decline in substance use during the pandemic period, these results suggest an association between previous mental health conditions and behavioral risk factors, leading to increased alcohol consumption and behavioral disorders manifestations. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 AprilAugust April August 2021, 2021 , 2021) symptomatology Methods clusterrandomized cluster randomized trial conductedinpublicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian conductedin publicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian cities program 53 61% 61 (61 girls 152 15 2 15. years. years . years) preintervention pre intervention FebruaryMarch February March 2019, 2019 2019) NovemberDecember November December school alcohol, (alcohol drinking tobacco inhalants marijuana cocaine crack periods sex age status city control intervention. intervention) Results pastyear pastmonth but decelerating However initiated maintained Mainly problems hyperactivity Conclusions period factors manifestations COVID1 1 COVID- 202 5 6 (6 201 20 (

Abstract Background: The chloroplast genomes of Cactaceae exhibit boundary modifications in the inverted repeat regions (IRs), gene inversions, and deletions. Among nine Mammillaria species, three distinct chloroplast structures have been identified, although not all of these correspond to the morphology-based classification of the genus. Question: Is there a distinct chloroplast genome structure in the species of Mammillaria series Stylothelae? Studied species: Mammillaria bocasana and M. erythrosperma. Study site and dates: Mexico from 2019 to 2023. Methods: Chloroplast DNA was sequenced, and chloroplast genomes were de novo assembled using the Fast-Plast program. Complete plastome sequences were annotated and verified. The sequences were aligned in MAUVE program to detect possible structural changes. A maximum likelihood phylogeny was executed to evaluate the relationships of the studied species. Results: The plastomes ranged from 107,368 bp in Mammillaria bocasana to 108,069 bp in M. erythrosperma. Both presented a quadripartite structure and contained 108 genes. The IRs were ~ 1,600 bp long and included the genes rpl2, rpl23 (pseudo), and trnI-CAU. MAUVE identified a ~ 21 kb inversion in the large single copy containing a block of genes related to photosynthesis. The phylogenetic analysis placed both species in a single clade separated from the other species within Mammillaria subg. Mammillaria. Conclusions: The studied species of Mammillaria series Stylothelae exhibited a different and synapomorphic chloroplast genome structure. Other Mammillaria chloroplast genome structures have evolved independently in different lineages.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los genomas de cloroplasto de Cactaceae exhiben modificaciones en los límites de las regiones repetidas inversas (IRs), inversiones de genes y deleciones. En nueve especies de Mammillaria, se han encontrado tres estructuras de cloroplasto distintas, aunque no todas corresponden a las clasificaciones basadas en morfología. Pregunta: ¿Existe una estructura de genoma de cloroplasto distinta en las especies de Mammillaria serie Stylothelae? Especies estudiadas: Mammillaria bocasana y M. erythrosperma. Sitio y años de estudio: México, de 2019 a 2023. Métodos: ADN de cloroplasto fue secuenciado y los plastomas fueron ensamblados de novo usando el programa Fast-Plast. Las secuencias completas fueron anotadas y verificadas. Las secuencias fueron alineadas en el programa MAUVE para detectar posibles cambios estructurales. Un análisis filogenético con máxima verosimilitud evaluó las relaciones de las especies estudiadas. Resultados: Los plastomas variaron desde 107,368 pb de longitud en Mammillaria bocasana hasta 108,069 pb en M. erythrosperma. Ambos presentaron una estructura cuadripartita y contuvieron 108 genes. Las IRs tuvieron ~1,600 pb y contuvieron los genes rpl2, rpl23 (pseudo) y trnI-CAU. MAUVE identificó una inversión de ~21 kb en la región larga de copia única que contiene genes relacionados con la fotosíntesis. El análisis filogenético recuperó a ambas especies como grupos hermanos dentro de Mammillaria subg. Mammillaria. Conclusiones: Las dos especies estudiadas de Mammillaria serie Stylothelae presentaron una estructura de plastoma sinapomórfica. Otras estructuras de plastomas de Mammillaria han evolucionado independientemente en linajes diferentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The occurrence of mixed fracture mechanisms in mechanical elements is frequent, due to the action of multiple factors that intervene during their design, manufacturing and operation. Objective: To establish the causes of failures in tripod columns on trucks, based on the characterization of the base metal and the welded joints in the failure region. Materials and Methods: Visual inspection of the failures, chemical and microstructural characterization by optical microscopy of the columns, as well as tensible test of the base material were carried out. Results and Discussion: The integrated visual inspection analysis and the results of chemical and metallographic characterization reveal that the material of the columns is not recommended for welded structures and that measures such as preheating and thermal treatment after welding were not taken. Due to the characteristics of the steel and the location of the detected cracks, they may be associated with diffusible hydrogen cracking. Conclusions: The failure of the columns was the result of a combination of several factors, highlighting design and manufacturing errors in the selection of a non-recommended material and the non-execution of attenuation measures during the execution of the welding, also linked to factors such as, possible overloads or improper operation of the equipment.

RESUMEN Introducción: La ocurrencia de mecanismos mixtos de fractura en elementos mecánicos es frecuente, debido al accionar de múltiples factores que intervienen durante el diseño, la fabricación y el funcionamiento de los mismos. Objetivo: Establecer las causas de fallas en columnas de trípode sobre camión, en base a la caracterización del metal base y las uniones soldadas en la región de la falla. Materiales y Métodos: Fue realizada la inspección visual de las fallas, la caracterización química y microestructural por microscopía óptica de las columnas; así como ensayo de tensión del material base. Resultados y Discusión: Los análisis integrados de inspección visual y los resultados de caracterización química y metalográfica, revelan que el material de las columnas no es recomendado para estructuras soldadas y que no fueron tomadas medidas, como el precalentamiento y tratamiento térmico posterior a la soldadura. Por las características del acero y la ubicación de las grietas detectadas, pueden estar asociadas al agrietamiento por hidrógeno difusible. Conclusiones: La falla de las columnas fue resultado de la combinación de varios factores, destacando errores de diseño y fabricación en la selección de un material no recomendado y la no ejecución de medidas de atenuación durante la ejecución de la soldadura, unido también a factores como, posibles sobrecargas u operación inadecuada del equipo.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of licuri (Syagrus coronate) cake (LC) on the chemical composition, cholesterol content, and fatty acid profile of meat from cull cows finished in a high-grain feedlot. We used 40 Zebu cull cows of 108 months of age and with an initial weight of 318 ± 38.17 kg. The animals were distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design: control (0 g/kg LC), 50, 100, and 150 g/kg LC in the total dry matter of the total diet, and were confined for 105 d. The inclusion of LC influenced the content of total lipids and total cholesterol of the beef. The inclusion of LC influenced the concentrations of fatty acids (C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, and C17:1) in the meat of cull cows. There was an effect of the inclusion of LC on the fatty acids C18:2n6t, C18:2n6, and C18:3n3 of the meat of cull cows finished in the feedlot. The inclusion of up to 50 g/kg LC in the diet of cows provided lower values for the sum (Σ) of saturated fatty acids and higher values for Σ monounsaturated fatty acids in the meat. The Σ polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased with the inclusion of LC in the diet. We recommend using up to 50 g/kg of licuri cake inclusion in the diet of cull cows finished in the feedlot.

Abstract Background Arteritis is a complication of neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is not well known and could trigger strokes. The transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a noninvasive method for detecting, staging, and monitoring cerebrovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the utility of TCD to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes, suggesting vasculitis associated with NCC remains uncertain. Objective To evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes using TCD in patients with subarachnoid and parenchymal NCC. Methods There were 53 patients with NCC evaluated at a reference hospital for neurological diseases included (29 with subarachnoid and 24 with parenchymal). Participants underwent a clinical interview and serology for cysticercosis and underwent TCD performed within 2 weeks of enrollment. Mean flow velocity, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and pulsatility index were recorded. Results Among the participants, there were 23 (43.4%) women, with a median age of 37 years (IQR: 29–48). Cerebral hemodynamic changes suggesting vasculitis were detected in 12 patients (22.64%); the most compromised vessel was the middle cerebral artery in 11 (91.67%) patients. There were more females in the group with sonographic signs of vasculitis (10/12, 83.33% vs. 13/41, 31.71%; p = 0.002), and this was more frequent in the subarachnoid NCC group (9/29, 31.03% vs. 3/24, 12.5%; p = 0.187), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Cerebral hemodynamic changes suggestive of vasculitis are frequent in patients with NCC and can be evaluated using TCD. NCC, , (NCC) strokes (TCD detecting staging Nonetheless uncertain 5 29 (2 parenchymal. . parenchymal) enrollment velocity recorded participants 43.4% 434 43 4 (43.4% women 3 IQR (IQR 29–48. 2948 29–48 48 29–48) 1 22.64% 2264 22 64 (22.64%) 91.67% 9167 91 67 (91.67% 10/12, 1012 10 (10/12 8333 83 33 83.33 vs 1341 13 41 13/41 31.71% 3171 31 71 0.002, 0002 0.002 0 002 0.002) 9/29, 929 9 (9/29 3103 03 31.03 324 3/24 12.5% 125 0.187, 0187 0.187 187 0.187) significance (NCC ( 43.4 (43.4 294 29–4 22.64 226 6 (22.64% 91.67 916 (91.67 10/12 101 (10/1 833 8 83.3 134 13/4 31.71 317 7 000 0.00 00 9/29 92 (9/2 310 31.0 32 3/2 12.5 018 0.18 18 43. (43. 29– 22.6 (22.64 91.6 (91.6 10/1 (10/ 83. 13/ 31.7 0.0 9/2 (9/ 31. 3/ 12. 01 0.1 (43 22. (22.6 91. (91. 10/ (10 0. 9/ (9 (4 (22. (91 (1 (22

Resumen Antecedentes La arteritis es una complicación de la neurocisticercosis (NCC), que no siempre se conoce y podría desencadenar enfermedad cerebrovascular. La ultrasonografía Doppler transcraneal (DTC) es un método no invasivo que sirve para detectar y monitorizar enfermedades cerebrovasculares. No obstante, la utilidad de la DTC para evaluar los cambios hemodinámicos cerebrales que sugieren vasculitis asociada a NCC sigue siendo incierta. Objetivo Evaluar los cambios hemodinámicos cerebrales utilizando DTC en pacientes con NCC subaracnoidea y parenquimal. Métodos Se incluyeron 53 pacientes con NCC (29 con subaracnoidea y 24 con parenquimal) evaluados en un hospital de referencia para enfermedades neurológicas. Los participantes se sometieron a una entrevista clínica y serología para cisticercosis y a una DTC realizada dentro de las 2 semanas posteriores a la inscripción. Se registraron la velocidad media del flujo, la velocidad sistólica máxima, la velocidad diastólica final y el índice de pulsatilidad. Resultados Los participantes incluyeron 23 (43,4%) mujeres con una mediana de edad de 37 años (rango intercuartílico [RIC]: 29–48). Se detectaron cambios hemodinámicos cerebrales sugestivos de vasculitis en 12 pacientes (22,64%); el vaso más comprometido fue la arteria cerebral media, en 11 (91,67%) pacientes. Hubo más mujeres en el grupo con signos ecográficos de vasculitis (10/12, 83,33% versus 13/41, 31,71%; p = 0,002), y esto fue más frecuente en el grupo de NCC subaracnoidea (9/29, 31,03% versus 3/24, 12,5%; p = 0,187), aunque esta diferencia no alcanzó significancia estadística. Conclusión Los cambios hemodinámicos cerebrales sugestivos de vasculitis son frecuentes en pacientes con NCC y pueden evaluarse mediante DTC. NCC, , (NCC) cerebrovascular (DTC cerebrovasculares obstante incierta parenquimal 5 29 (2 neurológicas inscripción flujo máxima pulsatilidad 43,4% 434 43 4 (43,4% 3 rango RIC [RIC] 29–48. 2948 29–48 . 48 29–48) 1 22,64% 2264 22 64 (22,64%) 91,67% 9167 91 67 (91,67% 10/12, 1012 10 (10/12 8333 83 33 83,33 1341 13 41 13/41 31,71% 3171 31 71 0,002, 0002 0,002 0 002 0,002) 9/29, 929 9 (9/29 3103 03 31,03 324 3/24 12,5% 125 0,187, 0187 0,187 187 0,187) estadística (NCC ( 43,4 (43,4 [RIC 294 29–4 22,64 226 6 (22,64% 91,67 916 (91,67 10/12 101 (10/1 833 8 83,3 134 13/4 31,71 317 7 000 0,00 00 9/29 92 (9/2 310 31,0 32 3/2 12,5 018 0,18 18 43, (43, 29– 22,6 (22,64 91,6 (91,6 10/1 (10/ 83, 13/ 31,7 0,0 9/2 (9/ 31, 3/ 12, 01 0,1 (43 22, (22,6 91, (91, 10/ (10 0, 9/ (9 (4 (22, (91 (1 (22

RESUMO As ovelhas da raça Junín contribuem para a produção pecuária nos Andes peruanos, mas enfrentam problemas relacionados ao parasitismo gastrointestinal. Neste estudo, estimamos a herdabilidade e a repetibilidade de características associadas à resistência ao parasitismo gastrointestinal no núcleo genético de ovinos da raça Junín criados a altitudes superiores a 3600 m. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de fezes e sangue de 101 cordeiras e 88 cordeiros (com idades entre 4 e 6 meses) durante as estações chuvosa e seca. Os dados de peso vivo (LW), escore FAMACHA (FS), hematócrito sanguíneo (HCT) e contagem de ovos nas fezes (FEC) foram analisados usando um modelo animal multicaracterística de medidas repetidas, os componentes de variância e os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados por meio de uma abordagem inferencial bayesiana. Os resultados mostraram que as estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,09 (FS) a 0,27 (LW), com intervalos de densidade posterior alta de 95% (HPD95%) entre [0,02-0,19] e [0,12-0,43], respectivamente. A repetibilidade variou de 0,15 (FS) [HPD95%: 0,04-0,27] a 0,74 (LW) [HPD95%: 0,67-0,81]. As correlações genéticas foram moderadas a baixas, com intervalos HPD95% incluindo zero. Isso indicou que, pelo menos com base nos dados coletados, não ocorreram relações claras entre as características selecionadas para aplicação em um programa de melhoramento genético. No entanto, focar o programa de melhoramento na FEC, com herdabilidade de 0,16 [HPD95%: 0,05-0,28], pode ser uma estratégia viável para aumentar a resistência ao parasitismo. Dados adicionais sobre outras características também são necessários para alcançar estimativas mais precisas para esta população. peruanos estudo 360 m isso 10 8 meses seca LW, LW , FS, FS HCT (HCT FEC (FEC repetidas bayesiana 009 0 09 0,0 (FS 027 27 0,2 95 HPD95 HPD (HPD95% 0,020,19 002019 0,02 0,19 02 19 [0,02-0,19 0,120,43, 012043 0,12 0,43 12 43 [0,12-0,43] respectivamente 015 15 0,1 [HPD95% 0,040,27 004027 0,04 04 0,04-0,27 074 74 0,7 (LW 0,670,81. 067081 0,67 0,81 . 67 81 0,67-0,81] baixas zero coletados entanto 016 16 0,050,28, 005028 0,05 0,28 05 28 0,05-0,28] população 36 1 00 0, 2 9 HPD9 (HPD95 020 0,020,1 00201 002 019 [0,02-0,1 120 0,120,43 01204 012 043 0,4 [0,12-0,43 01 [HPD95 040 0,040,2 00402 004 0,04-0,2 07 7 670 0,670,81 06708 067 0,6 081 0,8 0,67-0,81 050 0,050,28 00502 005 028 0,05-0,28 3 (HPD9 0,020, 0020 [0,02-0, 0,120,4 0120 [0,12-0,4 [HPD9 0,040, 0040 0,04-0, 0,670,8 0670 06 08 0,67-0,8 0,050,2 0050 0,05-0,2 (HPD 0,020 [0,02-0 0,120, [0,12-0, [HPD 0,040 0,04-0 0,670, 0,67-0, 0,050, 0,05-0, [0,02- 0,120 [0,12-0 0,04- 0,670 0,67-0 0,050 0,05-0 [0,02 [0,12- 0,67- 0,05- [0,0 [0,12 [0, [0,1 [0 [

ABSTRACT The Junín sheep contribute to livestock production in the Peruvian Andes, but face problems related to gastrointestinal parasitism. In this study, we estimated the heritability and repeatability of traits associated with resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in the genetic nucleus of Junín sheep raised at altitudes above 3600 m. For this purpose, fecal and blood samples were collected from 101 female lambs and 88 male lambs (4-6 months old) during the rainy and dry seasons. The data on live weight (LW), the FAMACHA score (FS), blood hematocrit (HCT), and the fecal egg count (FEC) were analyzed using a repeated multiple-trait animal model; the variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using a Bayesian inferential approach. The results showed that heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 (FS) to 0.27 (LW), with 95% high posterior density intervals (HPD95%) between [0.02-0.19] and [0.12-0.43], respectively. The repeatability ranged from 0.15 (FS) [HPD95%: 0.04-0.27] to 0.74 (LW) [HPD95%: 0.67-0.81]. The genetic correlations were moderate to low, with HPD95% intervals including zero. This indicated that, at least based on the data collected, no clear relationships occurred between traits that were selected for application in a breeding program. However, focusing the breeding program on the FEC, with a heritability of 0.16 [HPD95%: 0.05-0.28], could be a viable strategy to increase resistance to parasitism. Additional data on other traits are also needed to achieve more precise estimates for this population. Andes study 360 m purpose 10 8 46 4 6 (4- old seasons LW, LW , FS, FS HCT, HCT (HCT) FEC (FEC multipletrait multiple trait model approach 009 0 09 0.0 (FS 027 27 0.2 95 HPD95 HPD (HPD95% 0.020.19 002019 0.02 0.19 02 19 [0.02-0.19 0.120.43, 012043 0.12 0.43 12 43 [0.12-0.43] respectively 015 15 0.1 [HPD95% 0.040.27 004027 0.04 04 0.04-0.27 074 74 0.7 (LW 0.670.81. 067081 0.67 0.81 . 67 81 0.67-0.81] low zero However 016 16 0.050.28, 005028 0.05 0.28 05 28 0.05-0.28] population 36 1 (4 (HCT 00 0. 2 9 HPD9 (HPD95 020 0.020.1 00201 002 019 [0.02-0.1 120 0.120.43 01204 012 043 0.4 [0.12-0.43 01 [HPD95 040 0.040.2 00402 004 0.04-0.2 07 7 670 0.670.81 06708 067 0.6 081 0.8 0.67-0.81 050 0.050.28 00502 005 028 0.05-0.28 3 ( (HPD9 0.020. 0020 [0.02-0. 0.120.4 0120 [0.12-0.4 [HPD9 0.040. 0040 0.04-0. 0.670.8 0670 06 08 0.67-0.8 0.050.2 0050 0.05-0.2 (HPD 0.020 [0.02-0 0.120. [0.12-0. [HPD 0.040 0.04-0 0.670. 0.67-0. 0.050. 0.05-0. [0.02- 0.120 [0.12-0 0.04- 0.670 0.67-0 0.050 0.05-0 [0.02 [0.12- 0.67- 0.05- [0.0 [0.12 [0. [0.1 [0 [

This is the first of two documents prepared by experts for the Brazilian S20 mental health report. These reports outline strategies aimed at addressing the exacerbated mental health challenges arising from a post-pandemic world. Ongoing psychiatric epidemiology research has yielded evidence linking mental health with intricate social determinants, including gender, race/ethnicity, racism, socioeconomic status, social deprivation, and employment. More recently, the focus has expanded to also encompass violence and social oppression. By prioritizing prevention and early intervention, harnessing technology, and fostering community support, we can mitigate the long-term impact of emerging mental disorders throughout the life course. By utilizing evidence-based practices and forging partnerships between the health and education sectors, S20 countries can promote the health and safety of their student population, paving the way for a more promising future for the next generations. The first document focuses on addressing the mental health concerns of vulnerable populations, catering to the needs of children, youth, and aging populations, assessing the current state of alcohol and drug addictions, scaling up psychosocial interventions in primary care, exploring the potential integration of health and educational systems, and emphasizing the imperative adoption of human rights in mental health policies. S S2 report postpandemic post pandemic world determinants gender raceethnicity race ethnicity race/ethnicity racism status deprivation employment recently oppression intervention technology support longterm long term course evidencebased based sectors population generations populations children youth addictions care systems policies

Abstract Objective: Peer violence is a serious type of school violence that is associated with emotional and behavioral problems. The objective of this study was to analyze violence between peers and its associations with students’ social skills. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey nested within a cluster-randomized controlled trial (REBEC/Brazil, U1111-1228-2342) to evaluate peer violence among elementary school students and its association with prosocial behaviors and mental problems. Teachers answered an adapted version of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and the Brazilian adaptation of the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Checklist (TOCA-C) scale for each student. Children completed a sociodemographic questionnaire. The participants were 1,152 5-to-14-year-old children from Brazilian public schools, 79.70% of whom reported being involved in violent situations. Results: Children who had both committed and suffered violence were less likely to exhibit prosocial behaviors. Children who committed and suffered violence and those who only committed violence were more likely to experience concentration problems and exhibit disruptive behaviors. Conclusion: This study suggests that peer violence is associated with fewer prosocial behaviors and more behavioral problems. Thus, more specialized mental health care is required for children involved in peer violence, in addition to implementation and maintenance of programs to prevent and reduce violence and develop prosocial behaviors in schools. Objective skills Methods crosssectional cross sectional clusterrandomized cluster randomized REBEC/Brazil, REBECBrazil REBEC Brazil (REBEC/Brazil U111112282342 U U1111 1228 2342 U1111-1228-2342 BullyVictim Bully Victim OBVQ (OBVQ AdaptationChecklist Adaptation Checklist TOCAC TOCA C (TOCA-C student questionnaire 1152 1 152 1,15 5to14yearold toyearold 5 14 year old schools 7970 79 70 79.70 situations Results Conclusion Thus REBEC/Brazil U11111228234 U111 122 234 U1111-1228-234 115 15 1,1 yearold 797 7 79.7 U1111122823 U11 12 23 U1111-1228-23 11 1, 79. U111112282 U1 2 U1111-1228-2 U11111228 U1111-1228- U1111122 U1111-1228 U111112 U1111-122 U11111 U1111-12 U1111-1 U1111-

Resumo As proporções de areia nas argamassas de tipo II foram analisadas de acordo com a norma N-CMT-2-01-004/02. Foram utilizados três tipos de agregados da região de Morelia, Michoacán para determinar a sua influência nas suas propriedades físico-mecânicas. Considerando a utilização de diferentes materiais cimentícios (CM): cimento Portland mais cimento de alvenaria (B2) e cimento Portland mais cal (B1). Foram preparadas misturas para B1 e B2 com relações areia/MC de 2,25 para 4. Foram determinadas a fluidez, resistência uniaxial à compressão (UCS) e resistividade elétrica úmida (WER). Estudando a relação entre a fluidez e a quantidade de água/MC, concluindo que o tipo de agregado e as proporções modificam a fluidez e a demanda de água no estado fresco com impacto no UCS e no WER.

Abstract The influence of the sand proportion in mortars Type II was studied, according to the standard N-CMT-2-01-004/02, using three fine aggregates from the region of Morelia, in Michoacan, and determining their influence in the physico-mechanical properties, while considering the use of different cementitious materials (CM): Portland cement plus lime (B1), and Portland cement plus construction cement (B2). Mortar mixtures were designed for B1 and B2 with volume ratios of aggregates/CM, from 2.25 to 4, determining the fluency, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the wet electrical resistivity (WER). The relation between the fluency and the ratio water/CM were studied, concluding that the aggregate type and the proportions employed modify the fluency and the water demand in the fresh state of the mortar, and consequently impact the UCS and WER.

Resumen Se analizó la influencia de la proporción de arena en morteros Tipo II según norma N-CMT-2-01-004/02 empleando tres tipos de áridos de la región de Morelia, Michoacán determinando su influencia en sus propiedades físico-mecánicas, contemplando el uso de diferentes materiales cementantes (MC): el cemento Portland más cal (B1), cemento Portland más cemento de albañilería (B2). Se elaboraron mezclas para B1 y B2 con relaciones en volumen arena/MC, desde 2.25 hasta 4, determinando la fluidez, resistencia a compresión uniaxial (UCS) y resistividad eléctrica húmeda (WER). Se estudió la relación entre la fluidez y la cantidad de agua/MC, concluyendo que el tipo de árido y proporciones modifican la fluidez y demanda de agua en estado fresco impactando en UCS y WER.

Abstract Background: The Mammillaria series Stylothelae (Cactaceae) includes 16 taxa distributed mostly among the limits of the Chihuahuan Desert (CD) with the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (TVB). In Jalisco, four pink flowered species occur at the southwestern end of the CD where it meets the TVB. The boundaries and recognition of three species related with M. fittkaui (M. fittkaui complex) are debatable. Question: Should the taxa of the Mammillaria fittkaui species complex be considered as species? Studied species: Four pink flowered Mammillaria series Stylothelae (M. fittkaui species complex) and M. zeilmanniana as comparative species. Study site: Western Mexico. Methods: Six morphological characters were sampled in specimens from the type locations of three pink flowered species, one locality of Mammillaria sp., and M. zeilmanniana. We used a permutational multivariate analysis of variance on six characters of each of the groups and a discriminant analysis to evaluate the morphological variation among species and to determine the correct classification of each individual. Results: The analyses identified four well defined morphological groups with statistical significance within the Mammillaria fittkaui complex. We recognized M. fittkaui, M. limonensis, and M. manana as species and here describe M. arreolae as a new species from Jalisco. Conclusions: In Cactaceae, morphometry has been useful to establish species boundaries. The Mammillaria fittkaui complex includes four species. Mammillaria arreolae differs from the other species by the shorter tubercles, flowers, and fruits. In addition, it develops more than one hooked central spine per areole.

Resumen Antecedentes: Mammillaria serie Stylothelae (Cactaceae) incluye 16 taxones distribuidos principalmente entre los límites del Desierto Chihuahuense (DC), la Sierra Madre Oriental y el Eje Volcánico Transmexicano (EVT). En Jalisco, cuatro taxones de flores rosas ocurren en el extremo suroeste del DC que confluye con el EVT. Los límites y el reconocimiento de tres especies relacionadas con M. fittkaui (complejo M. fittkaui) son debatibles. Pregunta: ¿Los taxones del complejo de especies Mammillaria fittkaui deberían ser considerados como especies diferentes? Especies estudiadas: Cuatro especies de Mammillaria serie Stylothelae de flores rosas (complejo M. fittkaui) y M. zeilmanniana como grupo comparativo. Sitio de estudio: Occidente de México. Métodos: Seis caracteres morfológicos fueron muestreados en las localidades tipo de las tres especies de flores rosas, una localidad de Mammillaria sp. y M. zeilmanniana. Se utilizó un análisis multivariado de varianza basado en permutaciones en seis caracteres entre los cinco grupos y un análisis discriminante para evaluar la variación morfológica entre especies y determinar la correcta clasificación de cada individuo. Resultados: Los análisis identificaron cuatro grupos bien definidos con significancia estadística dentro del complejo Mammillaria fittkaui. Reconocemos a M. fittkaui, M. limonensis y M. manana y describimos a M. arreolae como una especie nueva de Jalisco. Conclusiones: En Cactaceae, la morfometría es útil para establecer límites entre especies. El complejo Mammillaria fittkaui incluye cuatro especies. Mammillaria arreolae difiere de las otras especies por sus tubérculos, flores y frutos más cortos. Además, desarrolla más de una espina central uncinada por aréola.

Abstract This paper aims to study the determinants of the governance model of water resources in the agriculture of the Hermosillo-Coast (Mexico). To achieve this objective, a literature review, in-depth interviews and a workshop were carried out. The results show that the main threats to the system come from the model of granting concessions for access to water resources, the lack of supervision by the competent authority and the control of a group of stakeholders over water in relation to the rest of the interested parties. Finally, measures aimed at improving the sustainability of agricultural activity in the area are proposed. HermosilloCoast Hermosillo Coast Mexico. Mexico . (Mexico) objective review indepth depth out parties Finally proposed (Mexico

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar el nivel de adherencia a las directrices clínicas al momento de prescribir amoxicilina a menores de 5 años con neumonía en entornos de atención ambulatoria en Colombia entre el 2017 y el 2019, así como evaluar los factores asociados con la adherencia. Métodos. Este fue un estudio transversal de datos secundarios de la base de datos del Sistema Integral de Información de la Protección Social de Colombia. La adherencia se definió como la prescripción de amoxicilina por vía oral para las neumonías bacterianas y no especificadas, y la ausencia de prescripción para las neumonías virales. Las variables examinadas incluyeron: edad (< 1 año, 1 a 4 años); sexo; causa de la neumonía (bacteriana, viral, no especificada); región (andina, amazónica, Pacífico, Caribe, insular, Orinoco); y mecanismo de pago (sin autorización previa, capitación, pago directo, pago por caso, pago por evento). Resultados. De 215 925 casos de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad notificados durante el período 2017-2019, el 64,8% correspondieron a la región andina, el 73,9% a neumonía bacteriana y el 1,8% a neumonía viral. Se observó la adherencia a las directrices en el 5,8% de los casos: esta cifra fue más alta para la población infantil diagnosticada con neumonía viral (86,0%) que para la diagnosticada con neumonía bacteriana (2,0%). En el caso de la población infantil diagnosticada con neumonía bacteriana, al 9,4% se le recetó algún antibiótico. La proporción de población infantil cubierta por pagos capitados (22,3%) que recibió un tratamiento en consonancia con las directrices fue mayor que la de la población cubierta por pagos por evento (1,3%). Conclusión. En este primer estudio de Colombia, la adherencia a las directrices sobre el tratamiento ambulatorio de la población infantil con neumonía bacteriana fue bajo, en tanto que resultó superior en el caso de la neumonía viral. Se necesitan más estudios cualitativos para indagar sobre los motivos de esta falta de adherencia y las razones por las cuales la neumonía bacteriana fue la etiología notificada con mayor frecuencia.

RESUMO Objetivos. Determinar o nível de adesão às diretrizes clínicas para prescrição de amoxicilina em regime ambulatorial para crianças menores de 5 anos com pneumonia na Colômbia, de 2017 a 2019, e avaliar os fatores associados à adesão. Métodos. Estudo transversal de dados secundários do banco de dados do Sistema Integrado de Informação sobre Proteção Social da Colômbia. Definiu-se adesão como prescrição de amoxicilina oral para pneumonia bacteriana e não especificada, e não prescrição para pneumonia viral. As variáveis examinadas incluíram: idade da criança (< 1 ano, 1–4 anos), sexo, etiologia da pneumonia (bacteriana, viral, não especificada), região (Andina, Amazônica, Pacífica, Caribenha, Insular, Orinoco) e mecanismo de pagamento (sem autorização prévia, capitação, pagamento direto, pay-per-case, pay-for-event). Resultados. Dos 215.925 casos de pneumonia adquirida na comunidade notificados nos anos 2017-2019, 64,8% ocorreram na região Andina, 73,9% foram pneumonia bacteriana e 1,8% foram pneumonia viral. A adesão às diretrizes foi observada em 5,8% dos casos. Foi maior para crianças com diagnóstico de pneumonia viral (86,0%) em comparação com pneumonia bacteriana (2,0%). Para as crianças com diagnóstico de pneumonia bacteriana, 9,4% receberam algum antibiótico. Uma proporção maior de crianças cobertas por pagamentos capitados (22,3%) recebeu tratamento compatível com as diretrizes, contra apenas 1,3% no esquema de pay-for-event. Conclusão. Neste primeiro estudo da Colômbia, a adesão às diretrizes para tratamento ambulatorial de crianças com pneumonia bacteriana foi baixa, sendo melhor para pneumonia viral. Mais estudos qualitativos são necessários para explorar as razões dessa falta de adesão e por qual motivo a pneumonia bacteriana foi a etiologia mais comumente notificada.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the level of adherence to clinical guidelines in prescribing amoxicillin to children younger than 5 years with pneumonia in outpatient settings in Colombia from 2017 to 2019, and assess the factors associated with adherence Methods. This was a cross-sectional study of secondary data from the Colombian Integrated Social Protection Information System database. Adherence was defined as prescription of oral amoxicillin for bacterial and unspecified pneumonia and non-prescription for viral pneumonia. Variables examined included: age (< 1 year, 1–4 years) of child; sex; cause of pneumonia (bacterial, viral, unspecified); region (Andean, Amazonian, Pacific, Caribbean, Insular, Orinoquian); and payment mechanism (without prior authorization, capitation, direct payment, pay per case, pay for event). Results. Of 215 925 cases of community-acquired pneumonia reported during 2017–2019, 64.8% were from the Andean region, 73.9% were bacterial pneumonia and 1.8% were viral pneumonia. Adherence to guidelines was observed in 5.8% of cases: this was highest for children diagnosed with viral (86.0%) compared with bacterial (2.0%) pneumonia. For children diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia, 9.4% were prescribed any antibiotic. A greater proportion of children covered by capitated payments (22.3%) were given treatment consistent with the guidelines compared with payment for event (1.3%). Conclusion. In this first study from Colombia, adherence to guidelines for outpatient treatment of children with bacterial pneumonia was low and was better for viral pneumonia. Further qualitative studies are needed to explore the reasons for this lack of adherence and why bacterial pneumonia was the most commonly reported etiology.

ABSTRACT In this article, equilibrium points and families of periodic orbits in the vicinity of the collinear equilibrium points of a binary asteroid system are investigated with respect to the angular velocity of the secondary body, the mass ratio of the system and the size of the secondary. We assume that the gravitational fields of the bodies are modeled considering the primary as a mass point and the secondary as a rotating mass dipole. This model allows to compute families of planar and halo periodic orbits that emanate from the equilibrium points L 1 and L2. The stability and bifurcations of these families are analyzed and the results are compared with the results obtained with the restricted three-body problem (RTBP). The results provide an overview of the dynamical behavior in the vicinity of a binary asteroid system.

RESUMEN En este artículo, se investigan los puntos de equilibrio y las familias de ´orbitas periódicas en la vecindad de los puntos de equilibrio colineal de un sistema binario de asteroides con respecto a la velocidad angular del cuerpo secundario, la relación de masa del sistema y el tamaño del secundario. Suponemos que los campos gravitatorios de los cuerpos se modelan asumiendo el primario como punto masa y el secundario como dipolo de masa giratorio. Este modelo permite calcular familias de ´orbitas planas y periódicas de halo que emanan de los puntos de equilibrio L 1 y L2. Se analiza la estabilidad y bifurcaciones de estas familias y se comparan los resultados con los obtenidos con el problema de los tres cuerpos restringido (RTBP). Los resultados brindan una descripción general del comportamiento dinámico en la vecindad de un sistema binario de asteroides.

Abstract During the past two years we have witness a tremendous worldwide health crisis imposed by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This situation led to the urgent development and implementation of vac cines in an attempt to decrease not only the SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility but also the severe forms of CO VID-19. Although these vaccines were approved based on an adequate benefit-risk ratio, at the moment of their implementation in 2021 we did not have sub-studies in special populations; patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among them. We describe two cases of lupus nephritis flare following the immunization against SARS-CoV-2 with the first component of Sputnik V and Sinopharm. Both patients were in complete remission on maintenance therapy with mycophenolate and without glucocorticoids. The flare presented with an increased protein/creatinine ratio in urine and positive anti-DNA antibodies without other relevant ac companying findings. After treatment with prednisone (20 y 10 mg/day in case 1 and 2, respectively) and an increased dose of mycophenolate (from 1.5 g/day to 2.0 g/dayand 1.08 to 1.44 g/día of sodic mycophenolate in case 1 y 2, respectively) both patients regained renal remission. These cases are of relevance as they intro duce a possible association between the different anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms and SLE flares; at the same time to suggest the need for close control in the post vaccination period in this population of patients.

Resumen Debido el alto impacto sanitario que causó el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, se procedió al rápido desarrollo e implementación de vacunas en un intento de disminuir su transmisibilidad y las formas graves de la COVID 19. La aprobación de estas vacunas se basó en una adecuada relación riesgo/beneficio, sin embargo, en el año 2021 no disponíamos de sub-estudios en poblaciones especiales; entre ellas, pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). Presentamos dos casos de brote de glomerulonefritis lúpica luego de la inmunización contra SARS-CoV-2 dado por el primer componente de Sputnik V y Sinopharm. Ambas pacientes se encontraban en remisión completa con tratamiento de mantenimiento en dosis estables de micofenolato y libre de glucocorticoides. El brote de glomerulonefritis se presentó con aumento de relación proteinuria/creati ninuria y anticuerpos anti ADN positivos sin otros hallazgos acompañantes de relevancia. En ambas pacientes se reinició prednisona (20 y 10 mg/día en caso 1 y 2, respectivamente) y se aumentó la dosis de micofenolato (de 1.5 g/día a 2.0 g/día y de 1.08 a 1.44 g/día de micofenolato sódico en caso 1 y 2, respectivamente) con remisión completa del cuadro. Estos casos son de relevancia ya que introducen una posible asociación entre las diferentes plataformas vacunales anti SARS-CoV-2 y reactivación del LES, a la vez de sugerir la necesidad de un control estrecho en el período post-vacunal en esta población de pacientes.

Resumo O Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas (PROERD) é o programa escolar de prevenção mais disseminado no Brasil, seu atual currículo é baseado no programa norte-americano Keepin’it REAL (kiR). Não há na literatura evidência de efetividade do PROERD na prevenção ao uso de drogas, sendo necessários estudos complementares que auxiliem a compreensão desses achados. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma síntese das evidências do efeito do currículo que deu origem ao PROERD: o kiR. Através de revisão sistemática encontrou-se 17 estudos que reportaram resultados de efeito de diferentes versões do kiR no uso de drogas e/ou violência. Com exceção do estudo brasileiro, não foram encontrados estudos que avaliassem o efeito no uso de drogas da versão aplicada por policiais (DARE-kiR), a mesma implementada pelo PROERD. Foram encontradas evidências favoráveis do kiR na prevenção ao uso de drogas para o currículo do 7º ano, que contrariam os resultados de efeito nulo do PROERD. Não foram encontradas evidências internacionais do efeito do kiR no currículo do 5º ano, assim como o estudo do PROERD. Sugere-se que revisões no currículo do 7º ano do PROERD para que ele possa refletir os resultados internacionais e que o currículo do 5º ano posso ser repensado considerando as evidências negativas internacionais.

Abstract The Drug Resistance Educational Program (PROERD) is Brazil’s most widespread school-based prevention program; its current curriculum is based on the North American Keepin’ it REAL (kiR) program. There is no evidence of the effectiveness of PROERD in preventing drug use, pointing to the need for further studies to understand these findings. The aim of the study was to synthesis the evidence of the effect of the kiR curriculum (PROERD) through a systematic review. We found 17 studies that reported the effects of different versions of kiR on drug use and/or violence. Except for the Brazilian study, no studies were found that assessed the effect on drug use of the version applied by police officers (DARE-kiR), the same one implemented by PROERD. Favorable evidence of kiR in drug use prevention was found for the 7th-grade curriculum, which contradicts the PROERD’s null-effect results. No international evidence of the effect of kiR was found in the 5th-grade curriculum, in the same line as the PROERD’s study. It is suggested that PROERD’s 7th-grade curriculum should be revised to reflect international results and that the 5th-grade curriculum should be reconsidered in light of the negative international evidence.