ABSTRACT Increasing population and demand for animal-derived products has raised the need for improved efficiency in managing and controlling animal production. Given this context, the project aimed to develop a device that aids decision-making in animal production. A hardware system was designed for instant measurement of thermal well-being levels, light intensity, and air gas concentration. This hardware integrated DHT11 sensors, an LDR photoresistor, and an MQ-135 sensor. To validate the system, a 30-day experimental study was conducted in an industrial pig farming setting. The collected data was sent to the Thingspeak server using the HTTP protocol. Data management, filtering, and organization were optimized using developed treatment algorithms. The system presented information on air humidity, temperature, ammonia concentration, CO2 levels, luminosity, and enthalpy through interactive images on a dashboard. In the case of a risk situation, the system automatically notified users with an "ALERT" message, facilitating prompt and efficient management response, and minimizing losses. The sensor calibration process yielded a high coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.98). Thus, the developed IoT device represents a viable solution, providing precise environmental conditions to support producers and enhance their efficiency and sustainability.

ABSTRACT Despite its interesting agricultural traits, Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi Macfad. ‘Duncan’ × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) rootstock exhibits severe incompatibility when grafted with Pera sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] scions, and this fact limits its use for propagation purposes. Nonetheless, the existence of certain Pera sweet orange clones that are compatible with Swingle citrumelo represents a substantial gain for the entire citrus industry. This study investigated the compatibility between seven Pera sweet orange clones and Swingle citrumelo rootstock, regarding the presence of a necrotic line at the graft union junction, the difference in diameter between rootstock and scion, the influence of clonal cleaning by micrografting, and the horticultural performance of the selected combinations. No trees died because of grafting incompatibility, even after twenty years (trial I), except for clone CV1, or after six years and nine months (trial II) from planting. The rootstock/scion trunk diameter ratio was not related to the presence of a necrotic line in the graft-union region. Additionally, these variables did not influence fruit yield and quality, and they were not affected by clonal cleaning or pre-immunisation of the old Pera sweet orange clones.

AbstractEssential oils extracted from Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae, leaves and fruit hydrodistillation, as well as, their chemical composition and extraction kinetic were evaluated. For this proposal, 6 h extraction and aliquots collected at sequencing different times (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h) were carried out allowing calculating accumulated content (% w/w) and verifying essential oil chemical profile. β-caryophyllene (35.2%), α-pinene (28.1%) and germacrene D (15.5%) represent S. terebinthifolius dried leaves essential oil major components, as well as, α-pinene (44.9%), germacrene D (17.6%) and β-pinene (15.1%) in the fruit. Cubenol (27.1%), caryophyllene oxide (15.3%) and spathulenol (12.4%) represent S. molle dried leaves essential oil major components, and β-pinene (36.3%) α-pinene (20.3%), germacrene D (12.1%) and spathulenol in the fruit. Essential oil extraction kinetics showed a hyperbolic distribution; monoterpene content presented exponential decay in time function and sesquiterpene showed exponential growth. Faster monoterpene extraction than the sesquiterpene extraction was observed, however, both presented increasing exponential distribution.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a fauna de cigarrinhas em pomar de laranjeira 'Westin' enxertada sobre limoeiro 'Cravo', em plantas com cinco anos de idade. Foram instaladas armadilhas adesivas amarelas na borda da mata, na periferia do talhão e no interior do talhão, sendo avaliadas quinzenalmente, por três anos. As cigarrinhas que ocorreram com maior freqüência foram Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg) e Oncometopia facialis (Signoret). B. xanthophis ocorreu mais na borda da mata, principalmente na primavera e inverno. A. citrina ocorreu mais na borda da mata, principalmente na primavera. A a maior incidência de O. facialis foi no interior do talhão, e maior na primavera e verão. A ocorrência de outros cicadelíneos foi maior na borda da mata, principalmente no verão. Segundo a análise faunística, A. citrina, B. xanthophis, Dilobopterus costalimai Young e O. facialis foram predominantes em todos os locais estudados; A. citrina, B. xanthophis e O. facialis foram super dominantes, super abundantes, super freqüentes e constantes, exceto no interior do talhão, onde B. xanthophis foi dominante, muito abundante, muito freqüente e constante. D. costalimai e Homalodisca ignorata Melichar foram dominantes, muito abundantes e muito freqüentes na borda da mata e periferia do talhão, sendo que D. costalimai também foi predominante no interior do talhão. Scopogonalia subolivacea (Stål) foi predominante na borda da mata e interior do talhão e Plesiommata corniculata Young, na periferia do talhão (ambas foram dominantes, muito abundantes, muito freqüentes e acessórias).

The purpose of this study was to analyze sharpshooter fauna in a five-year-old 'Westin' sweet orange orchard. Yellow sticky traps were placed on the edge of a forest, and on the periphery and inside the citrus stand. The traps were evaluated fortnightly, for three years. The most frequent species were Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret). B. xanthophis occurred more in the forest edge, especially on spring and winter. A. citrina occurred most frequently in the forest edge, especially on spring. The highest incidence of O. facialis was inside the citrus stand, on spring and summer. Other cicadellids occurred more often in the forest edge, especially on summer. A. citrina, B. xanthophis, Dilobopterus costalimai Young, and O. facialis were predominant in all places studied. A. citrina, B. xanthophis and O. facialis were super dominant, super abundant, super frequent, and constant, except inside the stand, where B. xanthophis was dominant, very abundant, very frequent, and constant. D. costalimai and Homalodisca ignorata Melichar were dominant, very abundant, and very frequent in the forest edge and in the periphery of the stand, and D. costalimai was also predominant inside the stand. Scopogonalia subolivacea (Stål) was predominant in the forest edge and inside the stand, while Plesiommata corniculata Young was predominant in the periphery (both were dominant, very abundant, very frequent, and accessory).

As misturas físicas de poliamida 6 (PA6) e policarbonato (PC) processadas a 240 ºC, durante 10, 30 e 60 minutos formam um copolímero de PA6-PC. A alta temperatura e o longo tempo de processamento podem causar modificações nas propriedades dessas misturas e degradar o copolímero, originando grupos isocianato e subseqüentemente CO2 e grupos NH2 terminais. A quantidade de copolímero PA6-PC formado durante o processo de mistura é maior com o aumento da proporção de PC na mistura. As ligações uretânicas de polímeros termoplásticos exibem mais baixas estabilidades térmica e oxidativa, resultando no aumento da concentração de grupos terminais NH2. A reatividade dessas misturas foi investigada através do torque durante o processo de mistura, da titulação potenciométrica dos grupos NH2 terminais e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura.

Polyamide 6 (PA6) and polycarbonate (PC) blends processed at 240 °C, during 10, 30 and 60 minutes produced a copolymer of PA6-PC. The high temperature and long processing time can cause modifications on the properties of these blends and degradation of the copolymer. It can also form isocyanate groups and subsequently CO2 and NH2 "end groups". The amount of PA6-PC copolymer formed during the blending process was found to increase when the PC content is increased. The thermoplastic urethanes normally exhibit smaller thermal and oxidative stability, resulting in an increase in the concentration of NH2 terminal groups. The reactivity of the blends was investigated by monitoring the torque during the blending, potentiometer titration of NH2 terminal groups and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).