ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the fluoride concentration of bottled waters from municipalities in northeastern Brazil. Material and Methods: Bottled mineral waters were purchased in two periods at different commercial places of four large municipalities (João Pessoa, Campina Grande, Patos, and Cajazeiras) in the Paraíba state. The municipalities selected to present the following annual average temperature: João Pessoa 26.5 °C, Campina Grande 23.3 °C, Patos and Cajazeiras 27.5 °C. Fluoride concentration was determined using a combined ion-specific electrode. Readings (in mV) were conducted in triplicates for each standard solution and converted into fluoride concentration (mg F/L) using the Excel® software. Results: A total of 72 samples from six brands of bottled water were analyzed. The fluoride concentrations of all samples were low (0.11-0.21mg/L) but higher than those reported on the label and varied among different batches of the same brand. Conclusion: The fluoride levels in bottled water vary among brands, and these actual values are not stated in the labels. Objective Brazil Methods state temperature 265 26 5 26. C °C 233 23 3 23. 275 27 27. ionspecific ion specific electrode mV mg F/L FL F L Excel software Results 7 analyzed 0.110.21mg/L 011021mgL mgL 0.11 0.21mg/L 0 11 21mg (0.11-0.21mg/L brand Conclusion labels 2 110 011 0.1 021mgL 1 01 0.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo dental biofilm acidogenicity induced by nine long-term pediatric oral liquid medications (OLMs). A double-blind crossover randomized clinical trial was conducted with 12 individuals aged 18 to 22 years who had good oral hygiene (OSI < 1.1) and a DMFT index of less than 12. Each participant was exposed to nine OLMs and a 10% sucrose solution (positive control) as part of the crossover design. The pH of the dental biofilm was measured with a Beetrode® microelectrode at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the minimum pH and the area under the curve (AUC). One-way ANOVA was utilized, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Pediatric OLMs caused a sucrose-like decrease in biofilm pH, regardless of therapeutic class (p > 0.05). The mean ± standard deviation of the AUC ranged from 16.26 ± 11.59 (cetirizine) to 39.22 ± 20.81 (azithromycin), with no statistically significant difference compared to sucrose (25.22 ± 6.97) (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that pediatric OLMs contribute to dental biofilm acidogenicity, with a more pronounced effect induced by medications used for respiratory diseases and also by antibiotics. longterm long term OLMs. . (OLMs) doubleblind double blind 1 2 OSI 1.1 11 10 positive control design Beetrode 0 5 15 20 25 3 min AUC. (AUC) Oneway One way utilized 005 05 0.05 sucroselike like p 0.05) 1626 16 26 16.2 1159 59 11.5 cetirizine (cetirizine 3922 39 39.2 2081 81 20.8 azithromycin, azithromycin , (azithromycin) 25.22 2522 (25.2 6.97 697 6 97 antibiotics (OLMs 1. (AUC 00 0.0 162 16. 115 11. 392 39. 208 8 20. (azithromycin 25.2 252 (25. 6.9 69 9 0. 25. (25 6. (2 (

Abstract The aim of this paper was to present a summary of the process of developing and preparing the final documents of the national consensus for teaching undergraduate Brazilian dental students the dental caries curriculum in the Portuguese language. The final document was developed in three steps: a) The ABENO and LAOHA cariology group invited experts from all five regions of Brazil to participate in the discussion. The theoretical support for crafting the first draft of the consensus was based on two publications: National Curriculum Guidelines of the Dentistry graduation in Brazil, Ministry of Education (2021) and the competences described in the European Core Curriculum for Cariology (ORCA-ADEE, 2011); b) The group of experts was divided into 5 working groups: G1-Domain, Main and Specific Competences, G2-Essential knowledge, G3-Life course perspective, G4-Social determinants and dental caries, G5- Glossary. The document was finalized by thoroughly reviewing the process using Delphi methodology; c) The 5-chapter document (one from each working group) was submitted to three open public consultations in 2022 (May-June, August, and October) using Google-forms. The suggestions (content/wording) were discussed within the group as: totally accepted, partially accepted, and rejected. A total of 192 suggestions were registered from 31 dental schools in all regions of Brazil. The number of suggestions received per Group were: 84, 28, 26, 24, 30 suggestions for G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively. The majority of suggestions were totally accepted by the group of experts (n = 172, 89.6%), 15 were partially accepted (7.8%), and 5 were rejected. Conclusion The final document could be considered to be the first national consensus for teaching the dental caries curriculum in Brazil. language steps discussion publications 2021 (2021 ORCAADEE, ORCAADEE ORCA ADEE, ADEE (ORCA-ADEE 2011 2011) b groups G1Domain, G1Domain GDomain G1 Domain, Domain G G1-Domain Competences G2Essential GEssential G2 Essential knowledge G3Life GLife G3 Life perspective G4Social GSocial Social G5 Glossary methodology c 5chapter chapter one 202 MayJune, MayJune May June, June (May-June August October Googleforms. Googleforms Google forms. forms Google-forms content/wording contentwording content wording (content/wording as rejected 19 3 84 28 26 24 respectively n 172 89.6%, 896 89.6% , 89 6 89.6%) 1 7.8%, 78 7.8% 7 8 (7.8%) (202 201 20 2 17 89.6 7.8 (7.8% (20 89. 7. (7.8 (2 (7. ( (7

Abstract This study analyzed the relationships between the concentration of natural fluoride in public water supply and meteorological and hydrographic factors in a northeastern region of Brazil. This was a descriptive, analytical, ecological, longitudinal, and field study conducted by collecting water in 23 municipalities (2019 to 2020) of four macroregions of Paraíba (Brazil): coast (1), borborema (2), agreste (3), and outback (4). Four collection sites were selected per municipality: two near and two distant from the water treatment plant. Fluoride concentration was determined using a combined ion-specific electrode and classified according to the Collaborating Center of the Ministry of Health in Oral Health Surveillance. Meteorological, hydrographic, and population characteristics were also collected. All analyzed samples showed natural fluoride; macroregions 2 and 4 showed the highest mean fluoride concentration, macroregion 4 presented the highest mean temperature, and all macroregions showed a similar pattern of precipitation. The mean fluoride concentration of the four macroregions was below the appropriate value to prevent caries. An increase in precipitation would decrease the fluoride concentration in water. In conclusion, the concentration of natural fluoride varied according to meteorological and hydrographic factors. The concentration in surface waters increased during periods of low precipitation. Therefore, this study provided important information to support implementation of community water fluoridation in this region. Brazil descriptive analytical ecological longitudinal 2019 (201 2020 (Brazil) 1, 1 , (1) 2, (2) 3, 3 (3) 4. . (4) municipality plant ionspecific ion specific Surveillance Meteorological collected temperature caries conclusion Therefore 201 (20 202 (Brazil (1 (2 (3 (4 20 (

Abstract: Purpose: to evaluate the effect of dentifrice pH and fluoride concentration ([F]) on fluoride uptake on the biofilm and nails of children from a non-fluoridated area. Methods: two hundred and twenty-eight two- to four-year-old children were randomly allocated into 3 groups according to the type of dentifrice: G1: 1100 μg F/g, pH 4.5 (n = 76); G2: 750 μg F/g, pH 4.5 (n = 74); and G3: 1100 μg F/g, pH 7.0 (n = 78). Nails were collected at 4, 8, and 12 months after starting dentifrice use and biofilm was collected 5 and 60 minutes after toothbrushing. The concentrations of F in nails and biofilm were analyzed by HMDS facilitated diffusion. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney's test and the comparison between biofilm collection times was done using Wilcoxon test (p £ 0.05). Results: a significant reduction of [F] in biofilm was observed 60 minutes after toothbrushing, regardless of the dentifrice used. However, 5 minutes after toothbrushing, G1 had a significantly higher [F] compared to G2 and G3, and 60 minutes after toothbrushing, [F] was significantly higher for G1 and G2 compared to G3. G1 and G3 had significantly higher [F] in the nails compared to G2. Conclusion: a lower dentifrice concentration is a relevant factor for the reduction of excessive fluoride intake. The use of a low-F acidified dentifrice combines the reduction of fluoride uptake with caries prevention by leading to greater incorporation of F into the biofilm over time.

Abstract This review aimed to describe the importance of the first 1000 days of a child’s life as a golden period for interventions and actions to prevent dental caries and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) throughout the life course and highlight that the first 450 days of life could be even more important for oral health. During the first 1000 days of life (pregnancy and first two years of life), health care providers can identify unhealthy lifestyles, behaviors, and their determinants. Bearing in mind contextual factors like socioeconomic conditions and cultural aspects, this is a unique period to work together with the family and identify opportunities for adopting healthy habits that might last throughout the life of the expected or newborn child. This is a “window of opportunity” for the prevention of chronic NCDs of both systemic and oral origin, such as overweight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. In fact, to effectively prevent dental caries, pregnancy and the first 6 months of a child’s life (first 450 days) should be considered the critical period to work together with families to facilitate the adoption of healthy habits. Knowledge about the first thousand days of life is essential and represents a crucial period for the implementation of actions and interventions that will guarantee good oral and general health development that can persist throughout life.

Abstract Dental caries can be effectively managed and prevented from developing into cavitated lesions while preserving tooth structure at all levels. However, the strong correlation between caries and socioeconomic factors may compromise the efficacy of preventive strategies. The high prevalence of persistent inequalities in dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC) is a matter of concern. The estimates of the burden of disease in some countries in this region are outdated or absent. This paper aims to summarize and present the final recommendations of a regional Consensus for Dental Caries Prevalence, Prospects, and Challenges for LACC. This consensus is based on four articles that were written by a team of Latin American experts, reviewed by dental associations, and presented and discussed in two consensus events. The following domains were explored: epidemiology, risk factors, prevention strategies, and management of dental caries with a focus on restorative procedures. Dental caries can manifest throughout the lifespan of an individual, making it a matter of concern for infants, children, adults, and older people alike. The prevalence rates of untreated caries in deciduous and permanent teeth are high in many parts of the world, including LACCs. Previous evidence suggests that the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-olds is moderate to high in most Latin American countries. Moreover, the prevalence of treatment needs and dental caries in the adult and elderly population can also be regarded as high in this region. The risk/protective factors (e.g., sugar consumption, exposure to fluoride, and oral hygiene) probably operate similarly in all LACCs, although variations in the interplay of these factors in some countries and within the same country cannot be ruled out. Although salt and water fluoridation programs are implemented in many countries, there is a need for implementation of a surveillance policy. There is also room for improvement with regard to the introduction of minimal intervention techniques in practice and public health programs. Dental caries is a marker of social disadvantage, and oral health promotion programs and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of dental caries in LACCs must consider the complexity of the socioeconomic dynamics in this region. There is an urgent need to promote engagement of stakeholders, policymakers, medical personnel, universities, dental associations, community members, and industries to develop regional plans that enhance the oral health agenda for LACCs. A list of recommendations has been presented to underpin strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence and severity of dental caries and improving the quality of life of the impacted LACC population in the near future.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the remineralizing potential of a hydrocolloid-based, controlled fluoride-releasing system added to dentifrice formulas. Material and Methods: Sixty-five human enamel blocks were prepared and the surface microhardness (SH0) values were determined. The artificial caries lesions were induced and the demineralization surface microhardness (SH1) was evaluated. The blocks were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 13): (1) 100-TGF (100% NaF with Tara gum added); (2) 50-TGF (50% free NaF + 50% NaF with Tara gum added); (3) 100% TG (100% Tara gum without fluoride); (4) 100% NaF (positive control); and (5) placebo (without Tara gum and NaF). The blocks were submitted to 7 days pH cycling and treated with dentifrice slurries twice a day. Finally, surface hardness (SH2) was assessed and the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SMHR) was calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni test was used for statistical analysis. Results: A positive %SMHR was found in the 100% NaF (5.07) and 50-TGF (0.64) groups, while the 100-TGF (-1.38), 100% TG (-3.88) and placebo (-0.52) did not undergo remineralization. Statistically significant differences were observed between 100% NaF and all the groups except for 50-TGF (p<0.05). Conclusion: The presence of hydrocolloid (Tara gum) promoted minimal remineralization when associated with NaF. In the applied model, Tara gum may have compromised remineralization, preventing free fluoride from acting effectively in the carious lesion.

Abstract This study aims to develop a nano-sized fluoridated layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based release system via hydrothermal treatment for the controlled delivery of fluoride (F-) ions in the oral environment. The synthesis of conventional LDH-type (C-LDH) precursor nanomaterials was conducted using a co-precipitation method at constant pH, and the nanoparticulate-LDH (N-LDH) was synthesized by a hydrothermal procedure. Fluoride LDH (F-LDH) products were obtained through indirect synthesis using the precursor ion-exchange technique by varying the agitation time (2 and 24 h) and temperature (25 and 40 °C) to produce 12 material samples. The materials were characterized by energy dispersive x-ray, hexamethyldisilazane, digital radiography x-ray, Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the F-release kinetic profile was evaluated for 21 d in neutral and acid media with mathematical model analysis. Products with varying F-quantities were obtained, revealing specific release profiles. In general, there was a higher F-release in the acid medium, with emphasis on F-LDH-8. Fluoride-LDH and controlled fluoride delivery was successfully obtained, proving the potential of these nanomaterials as alternative anti-caries agents.

RESUMO Introdução: Exostose é um crescimento ósseo benigno que comumente acomete a mandíbula e a maxila, porém raramente apresenta grandes dimensões. Objetivo: Descrever um caso de exostose palatina de apresentação rara e discutir os principais aspectos clínicos envolvidos. Relato de caso: Paciente, gênero masculino, 66 anos, melanoderma, com história de aumento de volume no palato duro com tempo de evolução indeterminado, sem queixas álgicas, porém relatava transtornos de mastigação e fonação. O conjunto da lesão obliterava toda a profundidade do palato e ocupava grande volume na cavidade oral. A Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico demonstrava áreas bem corticalizadas na superfície da lesão e áreas centrais menos hiperdensas, compatíveis com osso medular maduro. Após exames e pareceres pós-operatórios o paciente foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico sob anestesia geral para remoção da massa óssea e osteoplastia subjacente, a fim de dar contornos normais ao palato, e o material colhido foi enviado para a biópsia que estabeleceu o diagnóstico de exostose. O paciente evoluiu sem complicações. Conclusão: Embora a exostose seja um crescimento ósseo benigno, ela causou problemas funcionais ao paciente, necessitando assim de um tratamento cirúrgico. Após três meses da remoção, os distúrbios foram revertidos à normalidade, e a sua reabilitação protética está em andamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Exostosis is a benign bone growth that commonly affects the jaw and maxilla, but is rarely large. Objective: Describe a case of rare palatal exostosis and discuss the main clinical aspects involved. Case presentation: A case is presented of a male 66-year-old dark-skin patient with a history of hard palate enlargement of an indefinite time of evolution, and chewing and phonation disorders. The lesions had obliterated the entire palatal depth and occupied a large section of the oral cavity. Cone beam computed tomography revealed corticalized areas on the surface of the lesion and less hyperdense central areas compatible with mature bone marrow. After preoperative examination and advice, the patient underwent surgical treatment under general anesthesia to remove the bone mass and underlying osteoplasty to obtain normal palatal contours. The material collected was sent for biopsy testing, which established the diagnosis of exostosis. The patient recovered without any complications. Conclusions: Although exostosis is a benign bone growth, in this case it caused functional problems to the patient, thus requiring surgical treatment. Three months after removal, the disorders have been reverted to normal and prosthetic rehabilitation is underway.

RESUMEN Introducción: La exostosis es un crecimiento óseo benigno que generalmente afecta la mandíbula y el maxilar, pero rara vez es grande. Objetivo: Describir un caso de exostosis palatina rara y discutir los principales aspectos clínicos involucrados. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 66 años, melanoderma, con antecedentes de aumento de volumen del paladar duro con una evolución de tiempo indefinido, trastornos de masticación y fonación El conjunto de lesiones borró toda la profundidad del paladar y ocupó un gran volumen en la cavidad bucal. La tomografía computarizada de haz cónico mostró áreas corticalizadas en la superficie de la lesión y áreas centrales menos hiperdensas, compatibles con la médula ósea madura. Después de los exámenes y consejos preoperatorios, el paciente se sometió a un tratamiento quirúrgico con anestesia general para eliminar la masa ósea con osteoplastia subyacente a fin de obtener contornos del paladar normales, y el material recolectado fue enviado para realizar biopsia que estableció el diagnóstico de exostosis. El paciente progresó sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: Aunque la exostosis es un crecimiento óseo benigno, causó problemas funcionales al paciente, por lo que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico. Tres meses después de la extracción, los trastornos han vuelto a la normalidad y su rehabilitación protésica está en proceso.

Resumo Introdução A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público é uma medida importante na prevenção à cárie dentária. Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e monitorar os teores de flúor nas águas de abastecimento público em um município de pequeno porte no Nordeste do Brasil. Material e método O estudo apresenta uma abordagem quantitativa de caráter descritivo. Foram selecionados 3 pontos para realizar coleta das águas duas vezes no mês na zona urbana do município durante 12 meses. A concentração de flúor foi obtida pela média das três leituras das amostras analisadas para cada ponto de coleta e classificadas conforme critério proposto pelo Centro Colaborador do Ministério da Saúde em Vigilância da Saúde Bucal. Resultado Segundo o critério utilizado (0,55 – 0,84 mg/L F), apenas 9,7% das amostras estavam dentro do considerado ideal. Conclusão Observou-se que a fluoretação das águas nesse município foi interrompida, pois muitas amostras de água apresentaram níveis de flúor abaixo dos valores mínimos aceitáveis.

Abstract Introduction Fluoridation of public water supply is an important measure in the prevention of dental caries. Objective This study aimed to monitor the fluoride (F) concentrations of a public water supply with water fluoridation program in a small municipality in the Northeast region of Brazil. Material and method It is a quantitative study with a descriptive approach. Three points of the urban area were selected for collecting water samples twice a month for 12 months. The average of F concentrations was calculated considering these three samples of each collection point at the same occasion. F concentrations in the water samples were determined by potentiometry and the results were classified according to the criterion proposed by criterion set down by Collaborating Center of the Brazilian Ministry of Health for Oral Health Surveillance. The samples were classified according to the best risk-benefit adjustment (0.55 – 0.84 mg F /L). Result Less than 10% of the samples were within the ideal range. Conclusion It was observed that water fluoridation in this municipality was interrupted since many water samples showed f-levels below the minimal acceptable values.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the erosive potential of different alcoholic beverages according to pH, titratable acidity and buffering capacity. Material and Methods: Thirteen industrialized alcoholic beverages of different brands were selected and divided into five groups according to their type and composition. The pH measurement and titratable acidity for pH 5.5 and 7.0 were performed in triplicate in 50 mL of each beverage. The buffering capacity was calculated based on pH and titratable acidity for pH 7.0. ANOVA, Tukey, and Pearson correlation, with p<0.05, were used for data analysis. Results: Data showed normal distribution by Shapiro-Wilk test. The pH of alcoholic beverages ranged from 2.49 (Miks Ice Tea - Green Fruits) to 7.64 (Smirnoff). The highest values of acid titration (4.68) and buffer capacity (19.97) were observed in Smirnoff Ice. The following correlations (p<0.01) were noted between: pH and titratable acidity; buffering capacity and pH; buffering capacity and titratable acidity. Conclusion: Some beers and alcopops presented erosive potential due to their lower pH associated with high acid titration values. The whisky and sugarcane liquor examined were not potentially erosive.

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a influência de águas fluoretadas subterrâneas e do dentifrício com 1.100 ppm de fluoreto nos biomarcadores de exposição ao flúor em pré-escolares. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em trinta pré-escolares recrutados em áreas naturalmente fluoretadas e não fluoretadas (n = 15). A ingestão diária total de flúor (TDFI) a partir da dieta e do dentifrício, assim como a excreção urinária diária de flúor (DUFE), foram medidas ao longo de 24 horas. Amostras de unhas foram coletadas duas vezes durante 30 dias. As análises de flúor foram realizadas usando um eletrodo específico para íon flúor. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o teste t de Student e pareado, a análise de correlação de Pearson, e a análise de regressão linear múltipla (a≤0,05). As águas subterrâneas e dentifrícios fluoretados foram as fontes dominantes (r2>0,83) do TDFI em crianças da área naturalmente fluoretada e não fluoretada, respectivamente. Uma correlação positiva entre TDFI e DUFE (r=0,50) e entre [F] nas unhas das mãos e dos pés (r=0,60) foi encontrada em crianças da área naturalmente fluoretada. A [F] nas unhas das mãos e dos pés não foi correlacionada com TDFI. O consumo de águas subterrâneas fluoretadas influenciou a concentração de flúor na urina. Além disso, o uso de dentifrício com 1.100 ppm de fluoreto não influenciou a concentração de fluoreto na urina e nas unhas.

Abstract This research aimed to determine the influence of fluoridated groundwater and 1,100 ppm fluoride dentifrice on biomarkers of exposure to fluoride in preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was performed on thirty preschoolers recruited from naturally fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas (n=15). Total Daily Fluoride Intake (TDFI) from diet and dentifrice, and Daily Urinary Fluoride Excretion (DUFE) was measured over 24 h. Nails samples were collected twice during 30 days. Fluoride analyses were performed using a fluoride-ion-specific electrode. Data were evaluated using the Student and paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis (α≤0.05). Fluoridated groundwater and dentifrice were the dominant sources (r2 > 0.83) of TDFI in children from a naturally fluoridated and a non-fluoridated area, respectively. A positive correlation between TDFI and DUFE (r=0.50), and between [F] in fingernails and toenails (r=0.60) were found in children from a naturally fluoridated area. The [F] in nails of finger and toe were not correlated to TDFI. The consumption of fluoridated groundwater influenced the fluoride concentration in urine. In addition, the use of 1,100 ppm fluoride dentifrice did not influence the fluoride concentration in urine and fingernails.