Calcium hexaluminate (CA6) presents a wide application in high-temperature thermal insulation. Despite the high porosity levels achieved, the use of carbonated precursors in its synthesis inevitably produces CO2 as a by-product. CA6 was produced by combining different sources of alumina (α-Al2O3 and ρ-Al2O3) and lime (CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, and CaO) in aqueous suspensions that were cast and sintered to evaluate these routes on its physical properties. The products attained after sintering at 1550 and 1600 °C were characterized for crystal phases, real density, particle morphology, uniaxial compressive strength, apparent porosity, and pore size distribution. Part of the samples sintered at 1600 °C was subjected to a thermal shock test and was then evaluated for residual strength under diametrical compression, apparent porosity, pore size distribution, and flexural elastic modulus. The CA6 samples produced from α-Al2O3 presented lower pore fraction and higher mechanical strength and modulus of elasticity. The superior properties of the materials produced with α-alumina were maintained after thermal shock. The acicular geometry of the CA6 particles is related to their excellent thermal shock resistance and mechanical performance. The results indicated a more environmentally friendly system produced from α-Al2O3-CaO for industrial applications of high-temperature thermal insulation resistant to thermal shock damage.

L-histidine was analyzed in this work as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1018 carbon steel in chloride solution, without (pH 7) and with carbon dioxide saturation (pH 4). Mass loss methods and electrochemical tests were used. In a medium with pH 4 saturated with CO2, the inhibition efficiency values (IE%) did not reach 34%. For the pH 7 condition, an inhibition efficiency of up to 89% was observed. The values corroborated with the quantum chemistry and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the histidine molecule is responsible for the excellent inhibition potential. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study and a thermogravimetric study (TGA) of the amino acid were also carried out. The substrate surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a eficiência da coinoculação de bactérias diazotróficas no desenvolvimento de cultivares de trigo em Oxisol do Cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, esquema fatorial 13 x 3 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense (estirpes AbV5 e AbV6 combinadas) e coinoculação com Bradyrhizobium japonicum (estirpes SEMIA 5079 e SEMIA 5080 combinadas, e estipe BR3267), Rhizobium Tropici (estirpes MT08 e MT15), R. leguminosarum (estirpe MT16), de forma isolada ou combinada, testados em três cultivares de trigo: BRS 394, BRS 264 e BRS 254. As variáveis analisadas foram, concentração, acúmulo de nitrogênio e proteína bruta nos grãos, massa de 100 grãos e massa total dos grãos. O tratamento contendo a inoculação de inoculante comercial para feijão caupi apresentou a maior massa total de grãos (5,8766 g). Houve interação na concentração de nitrogênio nos grãos, com destaque da combinação de A. brasilense + MT 15 (R. tropici) e MT 15 isolados quando associados à cultivar BRS 264. A coinoculação com bactérias diazotróficas isoladas de plantas leguminosas tem potencial para uso em cultivares de trigo.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of diaztrophic bacteria coinoculation in wheat cultivars grown in Cerrado Oxisol. A randomized block design was used, with a 13 x 3 factorial scheme and four replicates. The treatments consisted of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (strains AbV5 and AbV6 strains combined) and coinoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strains SEMIA 5079 and SEMIA 5080 combined, and strain BR3267), as well as Rhizobium tropici (strains MT08 and MT15) and R. leguminosarum (strain MT16) combined or in isolation, tested in wheat cultivars BRS 394, BRS 264 and BRS 254. The variables analyzed were grain nitrogen concentration and accumulation and crude protein content, 100-grain weight and total grain mass. The treatment containing the commercial cowpea inoculant showed a higher total grain mass (5.8766 g). Interaction was observed for grain nitrogen concentration, particularly for A. brasilense + MT 15 (R. tropici) and MT 15 in wheat cultivar BRS 264. Coinoculation with diazotrophic bacteria isolated from leguminous plants shows potential for use in wheat cultivars.

OBJECTIVES: Brazil has rapidly developed the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases in the world. As such, proper symptom identification, including gastrointestinal manifestations, and relationship to health outcomes remains key. We aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19 in a large quaternary referral center in South America. METHODS: This was a single-center cohort study in a COVID-19 specific hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Consecutive adult patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were included. Baseline patient history, presenting symptoms, laboratory results, and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded. Regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 and hospitalization outcomes. RESULTS: Four-hundred patients with COVID-19 were included. Of these, 33.25% of patients reported ≥1 gastrointestinal symptom. Diarrhea was the most common gastrointestinal symptom (17.25%). Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had higher rates of concomitant constitutional symptoms, notably fatigue and myalgia (p<0.05). Gastrointestinal symptoms were also more prevalent among patients on chronic immunosuppressants, ACE/ARB medications, and patient with chronic kidney disease (p<0.05). Laboratory results, length of hospitalization, ICU admission, ICU length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, and in-hospital mortality did not differ based upon gastrointestinal symptoms (p>0.05). Regression analyses showed older age [OR 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02-1.06)], male gender [OR 1.94 (95% CI, 1.12-3.36)], and immunosuppression [OR 2.60 (95% CI, 1.20-5.63)], were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSION: Based upon this Brazilian study, gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are common but do not appear to impact clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes including the need for ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, or mortality.

Oxidative stability parameters (OSP), acid value (AV), water content (W), and the metallic copper corrosion rate in biodiesels obtained from eight different vegetable oils were determined. Simple and multiple linear regression models were constructed to explain the influence of the OSP, AV and W variables on the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate was lower in biodiesel with less oxidative stability because, instead of reacting with copper, O2 reacted preferentially with the unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) that could act as “sacrificial molecules” to protect the copper against corrosion. Therefore, the corrosion rate was strongly related to the FAME composition. The AV was an important parameter in the corrosion process because free acids react with passivating agents, increasing the corrosion rate. The predictive capacity of W for corrosion rate was statistically insignificant, although water condensed on a copper surface causes corrosion.

RESUMO Uma das possíveis alternativas para potencializar a utilização de recursos hídricos é a utilização de polímeros hidrorretentores. Objetivou-se avaliar como níveis de irrigação e doses de solução hidrorretentora interferem na produção da alface crespa, cultivar Vanda. O experimento foi realizado de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, sob canteiros em ambiente protegido na área experimental do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO (17º 29’ 10” S de latitude, 48º 12’ 38” O de longitude e 697 m de altitude). Testaram-se quatro níveis de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125%) da evaporação obtida diariamente pelo micrômetro de gancho e cinco doses de solução de hidrogel (0, 50, 100 e 200 g planta-1). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso e esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro blocos. Foram avaliadas massa fresca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea, altura de plantas, número de folhas e produtividade. Verificou-se incremento de 29,24% da massa seca da parte aérea comparando as doses de solução hidrorretentora de 0 e 169,28 g e acréscimo de 14,36% da altura de plantas quando comparados os níveis de irrigação de 50 e 125%. O uso de solução hidrorretentora proporciona aumento significativo em todos os parâmetros produtivos avaliados. Os níveis de irrigação utilizados influenciam as variáveis massa fresca da parte aérea, altura de planta e produtividade. A produtividade aumentou 18,42% para os níveis de irrigação utilizados, e os maiores valores estimados foram com a dose de solução hidrorretentora de 157,49 g (14,46 t ha-1).

ABSTRACT One of the potential alternatives to improve the use of water resources is the use of hydro retainer polymer applied to the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate how irrigation levels and doses of hydro retainer polymer interfere in the production of ’Vanda’ lettuce. The experiment was carried out from December 2017 to January 2018 under protected environment in the Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí Campus, Goiás State, GO, Brazil (17º 29’ 10” S of latitude, 48º 12’ 38” W of longitude and 697 m of altitude). The work tested four irrigation levels of 50, 75, 100 and 125% of the evaporation obtained daily by the hook micrometer and five doses of hydrogel polymer (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g plant-1). The experimental design was a randomized block design in a scheme of split-plot and four blocks. Canopy fresh and dry mass, plant height, number of leaves and productivity were evaluated. There was 29.24% increase in the dry mass comparing the hydro retainer polymer doses of 0 and 169.28 g and an increase of 14.36% of the height of plants when compared with the irrigation levels of 50 and 125%. The use of a hydro retainer polymer provided a significant increase in all the evaluated productive variables. The irrigation levels influence the fresh mass from aerial part, plant height and productivity. The productivity increased 18.42% for the irrigation levels used and the highest estimated values were presented in the dose of 157.49 g (14.46 t ha-1) hydro retainer polymer.

RESUMEN El estrés hídrico en la planta es un problema importante en el bioma Cerrado de Brasil. Los períodos secos y los eventos climáticos aleatorios causan pérdidas de calidad y productividad en las plantas de maíz dulce. Compuestos como el silicio (Si), pueden ser estudiados para reducir los impactos negativos del estrés hídrico en los cultivos agrícolas. Pruebas adicionales pueden permitir a los agricultores aumentar el uso de compuestos a base de silicio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los parámetros de producción de maíz dulce (Zea mays var. Saccharata, híbrido Tropical Plus®) con niveles de estrés hídrico y dosis de silicato de potasio aplicadas por pulverización foliar. El diseño experimental fue un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro tensiones hídricas en el suelo (15, 30, 45 y 60 kPa) y cuatro dosis de silicato de potasio (0, 6, 12 y 24 L ha-1) en invernadero. Los factores estudiados solos o en interacción no afectaron la mayoría de los parámetros de producción de maíz dulce. Se discute la hipótesis de que estos resultados pueden haber sido parcialmente afectados por la presencia de silicio. El rendimiento de la planta de maíz dulce se vio afectado principalmente por el estrés hídrico del suelo a 60 kPa.

ABSTRACT Plant water stress is a major problem in the Cerrado biome of Brazil. Dry periods and random climatic events cause quality and yield losses in sweet corn plants. Compounds, such as silicon (Si), are being studied to reduce the negative impacts of water stress on agricultural crops. Further tests may allow farmers to increase the use of silicon-based compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production parameters of the sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) (Poaceae) Tropical Plus® hybrid with water stress and potassium silicate doses applied with foliar spraying. A randomized block design with four soil water tensions (15, 30, 45 and 60 kPa) and four potassium silicate doses (0, 6, 12 and 24 L ha-1) was used in a greenhouse. The studied factors, alone or in interaction with each other, did not affect most of the sweet corn yield parameters. The hypothesis that these results may have been partially affected by the presence of silicon are discussed. The sweet corn plant yield was affected mainly by the soil water tension of 60 kPa.

ABSTRACT The production of inoculum from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) at a large scale and low cost is essential for establishing methods to assist in producing pineapple plantlets with high nutritional and phytosanitary quality. However, this objective is difficult to accomplish because of the biotrophic nature of these fungi. The on-farm multiplication method for AMF inoculum presents a good alternative to supply the demand for the production of glomerospores. This study aimed to multiply and evaluate AMF inoculum originating from isolated species (including Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum) versus native AMF from pineapple and coffee plantations multiplied by the on-farm method on the colonization in pineapple plantlets. Initially, inocula of R. clarus, C. etunicatum, and native AMF (pineapple and coffee) were multiplied by the on-farm method in Sorghum bicolor. After four months, the number of AMF spores and the percentage of viable spores at the layers of 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m were evaluated. There were no differences in spore numbers in relation to the source of the inoculum (R. clarus, C. etunicatum, pineapple, and coffee) and evaluated layers, with an average number of 605 spores per 100 cm3 of soil. The percentage of viable spores was greater at the layer of 0.00-0.05 m (76.32 %) compared to the layer of 0.05-0.10 m (72.05 %), regardless of the inoculum source. The viability of the inoculum obtained from C. etunicatum was higher than that from the coffee crop (77.93 and 68.06 %, respectively). Subsequently, the spores were inoculated in pineapple plantlets to assess the rate of colonization. Pineapple plantlets inoculated with AMF had an average of colonization of 18 and 67.73 % after 50 and 180 days cultivation, respectively, with no significant difference being detected between treatments. Therefore, on-farm inoculum production was effective at multiplying the AMF of both isolates of R. clarus and C. etunicatum, as well as for commercial crops (pineapple and coffee), with spores having high viability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonized pineapple plantlets independently of the inoculum utilized and favored its growth.

Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increased burden in low- and middle-resource settings. The role of the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of the syndrome has supported the modern concept of sepsis. Nevertheless, a definition of sepsis and the criteria for its recognition is a continuous process, which reflects the growing knowledge of its mechanisms and the success and failure of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Here we review the evolving concepts of sepsis, from the “systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection” (Sepsis-1) to “a severe, potentially fatal, organic dysfunction caused by an inadequate or dysregulated host response to infection” (Sepsis-3). We focused in the pathophysiology behind the concept and the criteria for recognition and diagnosis of sepsis. A major challenge in evaluating the host response in sepsis is to characterize what is protective and what is harmful, and we discuss that, at least in part, the apparent dysregulated host response may be an effort to adapt to a hostile environment. The new criteria for recognition and diagnosis of sepsis were derived from robust databases, restricted, however, to developed countries. Since then, the criteria have been supported in different clinical settings and in different economic and epidemiological contexts, but still raise discussion regarding their use for the identification versus the prognostication of the septic patient. Clinicians should not be restricted to definition criteria when evaluating patients with infection and should wisely use the broad array of information obtained by rigorous clinical observation.

RESUMO: Em vista do fato de neoplasias serem consideradas doenças crônicas que por meio de citocinas podem interferir na homeostase hormonal, hipotetizou-se que o carcinoma mamário, mesmo nos seus estádios iniciais, fosse capaz de alterar o equilíbrio dos eixos hipotalâmico-hipofisário-tireóideo e hipotalâmico-hipofisário-adrenal. Para tal, foram avaliadas as concentrações séricas de cortisol basal, tiroxina (T4), tiroxina livre (fT4) e tireotrofina (TSH) de 20 fêmeas caninas, inteiras, com diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma mamário grau 1 e estadiamento clínico I segundo a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS (T1N0M0). Os animais controle constituíram-se por 10 fêmeas caninas inteiras, em perfeitas condições de higidez, as quais foram pareadas, por idade, com aquelas portadoras de carcinoma mamário. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas concentrações de cortisol basal, TSH, T4 e fT4 das cadelas portadoras de carcinoma mamário em estádio inicial quando comparadas às controles sugerindo que, mesmo considerados malignos, ainda não apresentam a capacidade de alterar as concentrações dos hormônios produzidos pelos eixos hipotalâmico-hipofisário-adrenal e tireóideo.

ABSTRACT: In view of the fact that cancer is considered a chronic disease that can interfere with hormonal homeostasis by means of cytokines, we hypothesized that, even at early stages, mammary carcinoma is able to alter the balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. To test this hypothesis, the serum concentrations of basal cortisol, thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated in 20 unspayed bitches that had a histopathological diagnosis of grade 1 mammary carcinoma at clinical stage I according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (T1N0M0). The control animals comprised 10 unspayed bitches in perfect health conditions that were matched with those with mammary carcinoma by age. No significant differences regarding the concentrations of basal cortisol, TSH, t4, and fT4 were found between the bitches carrying early stage mammary carcinoma when compared to the control group. This suggests that, even if malignant, early-stage mammary carcinomas do not exhibit the ability to alter the concentrations of hormones produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal or hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes.

RESUMO A fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) desempenha um importante papel no cultivo do feijão-caupi. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os teores foliares de clorofila e os componentes de produção do feijão-caupi submetido à inoculação combinada de rizóbios em solo de Cerrado. O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo, de dezembro de 2014 a março de 2015, em Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados, com dez tratamentos e três repetições. Foram testadas as estirpes MT8 e MT15 (ambas de Rhizobium tropici), MT16 (R. leguminosarum), BR3267 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), as combinações das estirpes MT8+MT15, MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16 e MT8+MT15+MT16, adubação nitrogenada (70 kg ha-1 de N-ureia) e controle absoluto (sem inoculação de rizóbios e sem adubação nitrogenada). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas por contraste ortogonal e teste F (p≤0.05). Foram avaliados o índice de clorofila Falker (aos 40 e 60 dias após a semeadura), número e massa seca de nódulos (aos 40 dias após a semeadura), número de vagens por planta, rendimento de grãos, concentração e o acúmulo de nitrogênio nos grãos e a proteína bruta. O número de vagens por planta foi incrementado em 33,6% na combinação MT8+MT15. O mesmo efeito foi observado para o rendimento de grãos, que apresentou aumento de 8,7%, 13,8% e de 16,7% nas combinações MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16 e MT8+MT15, respectivamente. O acúmulo de nitrogênio nos grãos foi incrementado em 42,7% com a inoculação da estirpe MT15. O feijão-caupi responde positivamente à inoculação combinada de estirpes de rizóbio.

ABSTRACT Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays an important role in the cowpea cultivation. This study aimed to assess the foliar levels of chlorophyll and the yield components of cowpea subjected to combined inoculation of rhizobia in Cerrado soil. The experiment was carried out in field conditions, from December of 2014 to the march of 2015, in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, using randomized block design with ten treatments and three replicates. Were tested the single strains MT8 and MT15 (both of R. tropici), MT16 (R. leguminosarum), BR3267 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), the strains combinations MT8+MT15, MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15+MT16, nitrogen fertilization (70 kg ha-1 of N-urea), and absolute control (without inoculation of rhizobia and without nitrogen fertilization). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by orthogonal contrast and F test (p≤0.05). Were assessed the Falker chlorophyll index (at the 40 and 60 days after sowing), number and dry matter of nodules (at the 40 days after sowing), number of pods per plant, grains yield, the concentration and accumulation of nitrogen in grains, and crude protein. The number of pods per plant was increased 33.6% in the combination MT8+MT15. The same effect was observed for the yield grain, which presented an increase of 8.7%, 13.8%, and 16.7% in the combinations MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation in the grains increased 42.7% with the inoculation of MT15 strain. The cowpea responds positively to the usage of combinations of rhizobia strains.

RESUMO Em face de características relacionadas à infraestrutura, situação edáfica, hídrica e social, peculiares do semiárido brasileiro, é precípua a utilização de sistemas de cultivo alternativos que considerem tais características, inclusive a qualidade da água disponível. Dentro desta lógica, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse salino sobre as variáveis de produção e pós-colheita de flores de girassóis cultivadas em um sistema hidropônico alternativo de baixo custo. Utilizou-se de delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, analisado em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com três repetições; os tratamentos consistiram na utilização de quatro níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva (1,7 – testemunha; 4,3; 6,0 e 9,0 dS m-1) na produção de três cultivares de girassol (sol noturno, bonito de outono e anão de jardim). Verificou-se que, mesmo sob efeito da salinidade da solução nutritiva até o nível de 9 dS m-1, o número de pétalas e a duração pós-colheita mantiveram-se dentro dos padrões comerciais para as cultivares “Sol-Noturno” e “Anão-de-Jardim”.

ABSTRACT In view of the specific characteristics regarding infrastructure, soil, climate, hydrology and social conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid, it is of paramount importance the use of alternative cropping systems, which take into account such features, as well as considering local water quality. In this sense, our study aimed to evaluate saline stress effects on sunflower production and post-harvest which are grown in an alternative low-cost hydroponics. Experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks in 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with three replications. Treatments assessed the effect four salinity levels in hydroponics nutrient solution (1.7 - control, 4.3, 6.0, and 9.0 dSm-1) on crop production of three sunflower cultivars (‘Sol Noturno’, ‘Bonito de Outono’, and ‘Anão de Jardim’). Our results showed that even at a maximum salinity level in nutrient solution (9 dSm-1), number of petals postharvest life remained within commercial standards for both ‘Sol Noturno’ and ‘Anão de Jardim’ cultivars.

RESUMO O incremento da eficiência do uso da água na produção das culturas é uma necessidade evidente em regiões com acesso restrito a este recurso e, nesses casos, a adoção de formas de cultivo contextualizadas à realidade local é imprescindível. Neste contexto, avaliou-se as implicações da variação da quantidade de sementes por célula (0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 g) e do espaçamento entre células (7,0; 10,0 e 15,0 cm) sobre variáveis relacionadas ao consumo e eficiência do uso da água na produção de molhos de coentro (cv. Tabocas) em um "módulo hidropônico de baixo custo", alternativo para regiões semiáridas. Adotou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado analisado em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com três repetições cujos dados foram submetidos à análise de variância em nível de 0,05 de probabilidade. Verificou-se que a redução dos espaços entre células proporcionou melhor relação custo benefício em relação ao consumo de água, massa produzida e custo de sementes. Recomenda-se, portanto, a adoção de 7,0 cm de espaçamento entre células e a utilização de 1,0 g de sementes célula-1; esta configuração proporcionou eficiência de 81,59 g L-1 na produção de massa verde da parte aérea e molhos de 62,4 g de massa total.

ABSTRACT The increase of water use efficiency in crop production is a clear need in areas with restricted access to this resource and, in these cases, the adoption of forms of cultivation contextualized to local conditions are essential. Thus, the implications of the variation in the amount of seeds per cell (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) and spacing between cells (7.0, 10.0 and 15.0 cm) on variables related to consumption and water use efficiency for the production of coriander (cv. Tabocas) in a low-cost hydroponic system, an alternative for semiarid regions, were evaluated. A completely randomized experimental design, analysed in 4 x 3 factorial scheme with three replicates, was adopted, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance at 0.05 probability level. It was found that the reduction in the spacing between cells has a better cost-benefit ratio with respect to water consumption, biomass produced and cost of seeds. Therefore, it is recommended the adoption of a spacing of 7.0 cm between cells and the use of 1.0 g seeds per cell; this configuration promoted efficiency of 81.59 g L-1 in shoot green mass production and total mass of 62.4 g coriander bunches.

A necessidade precípua de estudos que abordem o aproveitamento de resíduos líquidos na irrigação de culturas em condições semiáridas, é evidente. Buscou-se, com o presente trabalho, analisar a viabilidade do aproveitamento da urina humana diluída em efluente doméstico (0; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5%) na irrigação de plantas de milheto cultivadas em três solos (Luvissolo, Neossolo e Planossolo) oriundos de áreas degradadas do Núcleo de Desertificação dos Cariris, PB. Esses tratamentos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, analisado em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 + 6, ou seja, quatro diluições de urina em efluente doméstico, três tipos de solo e seis testemunhas (utilizando-se água de abastecimento municipal na irrigação das plantas com e sem aplicação de NPK nos três solos estudados), com quatro repetições, totalizando 72 unidades experimentais. Concluiu-se que a adição de 4,5% de urina humana no efluente doméstico aplicado via irrigação em plantas de milheto cultivadas em Luvissolo crômico, proporciona resultados de massa de grãos e eficiência do uso da água semelhante ao observado em plantas com fertilização mineral recomendada e irrigadas com água de abastecimento.

The imminent need of studies that address the use of liquid residue in irrigation of crops grown in semi-arid conditions is evident. In this context, the feasibility of the use of human urine diluted in domestic effluent (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%) for the irrigation of plants of millet cultivated in three soils (Luvisol, Neossol and Planossol) collected from degraded areas of the Nucleus of Desertification of Cariris, PB was studied. These treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, analysed in a factorial 4 x 3 + 6, four urine dilutions in domestic effluent, three types of soil and six controls (using water of municipal supply in the irrigation of the plants with and without application of NPK with four replications, totalizing 72 experimental plots. It was concluded that the addition of 4.5% of human urine in domestic effluent applied in irrigation of the plants of millet cultivated in chromic Luvisol, provides results of viable grain mass and efficiency of water use similar to observed in plants under recommended doses of mineral fertilizer and irrigated with water of municipal supply.

O aproveitamento do potencial hídrico e nutricional da água residuária é uma alternativa viável para incrementar a oferta de água, principalmente em regiões semiáridas. Dentro desta lógica, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento do crescimento de plantas de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. Embrapa 122-V2000 para fins ornamentais, cultivadas em sistema semi-hidropônico utilizando-se diferentes substratos e água residuária em lugar da solução nutritiva. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, analisado em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com três repetições, totalizando 36 unidades experimentais. Testaram-se quatro intervalos de tempo de renovação/substituição da água residuária (diariamente, a cada dois, três e quatro dias) e o uso de três substratos de cultivo (fibra de coco, areia e bagaço de cana de açúcar). Verificou-se que o tempo de renovação afetou negativamente o desempenho do comprimento e o diâmetro da haste, do número de folhas e área foliar; contudo, esses parâmetros de crescimento das flores se mantiveram dentro dos padrões comerciais, em todos os tempos testados.

Exploiting the potential of water and nutrients of wastewater is a viable alternative to increase the supply of water, especially in semi-arid regions. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), cv. Embrapa 122-V2000, for ornamental purposes, grown in semi-hydroponic system using different substrates and wastewater instead of nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design and analysed in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with three replications, totaling 36 experimental units. Four time intervals of renovation/replacement of wastewater (daily, every two, three and four days) and three substrates (coconut fiber, sand and sugar cane bagasse) for cultivation were tested. It was found that the renewal time negatively affected the performance of length and diameter of the stem, leaf number and leaf area, but these growth parameters of flowers remained within the commercial standards for all times tested.