Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional, el burnout académico y el rendimiento escolar en una muestra de 1756 estudiantes adolescentes pertenecientes a nueve centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las versiones españolas del Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) y el Maslach Burnout Inventory Student-Survey (MBI-SS); y el rendimiento escolar se cuantificó a través de la nota media de cada alumno. Se realizó un estudio ex post-facto de carácter prospectivo con un diseño descriptivo simple. Los resultados mostraron relaciones positivas del rendimiento escolar con las dimensiones de comprensión y regulación emocional, así como con la eficacia académica; y relación negativa con el agotamiento físico/ emocional y cinismo. Los resultados resaltan la influencia de los recursos personales asociados a la inteligencia emocional en la prevención de la aparición del burnout, así como en la mejora de la eficacia personal que pueda conducir a un mayor rendimiento. Se desprende la necesidad de promover las habilidades emocionales en el aula como facilitadoras de las actitudes positivas hacia el desempeño escolar y la prevención del burnout académico.

Abstract This paper aimed to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence, academic burnout and school performance in a sample of 1.756 adolescent students belonging to 9 compulsory secondary education (ESO) centers. The instruments used were the Spanish versions of the Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS); school performance was quantified through the average mark of each student. A prospective ex post facto study was conducted with a simple descriptive design. The results showed positive relationships of school performance with the dimensions of understanding and emotional regulation, as well as with academic effectiveness, and negative relationships with physical/emotional exhaustion and cynicism. The results highlight the influence of personal resources associated with emotional intelligence in preventing burnout, as well as personal effectiveness improvement that can lead to greater performance. The need to promote emotional skills in the classroom as facilitators of positive attitudes for school performance and the prevention of academic burnout is revealed.

Abstract The aim of this study was to adapt and test the empathy questionnaire in Spanish adolescents (N = 701, age = 13.47 years). The study involved two different strands: (1) the questionnaire was translated into Spanish, and its internal consistency, factorial structure and convergent validity were assessed; (2) the questionnaire was subject to confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show that the questionnaire's factors present an aggregate variance of 58.588%, which suggests that the questionnaire is a valid tool to represent affective empathy, cognitive empathy and empathic concern. On the other hand, the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the sustainability of the model, which comprises three identified factors and twelve items. The empathy questionnaire is easy to understand and can be completed in a short time, so it is considered a useful tool to assess empathy in Spanish adolescents. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of empathy.

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo la adaptación de la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional -EIS- (abreviatura por su nombre en inglés Emotional Intelligence Scale) de Schutte et al. (1998) al idioma español, evaluando su consistencia interna, estructura factorial y validez y comparando tres modelos de medición de la Escala en una muestra de 1153 personas de origen español (48.83% hombres; M edad=29.32 años). El estudio comprendió dos fases: 1) se realizó la traducción de la EIS al español y se evaluó su consistencia interna, estructura factorial y validez convergente; y 2) se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio de la Escala. Los resultados apoyan la consistencia interna de la medida y apuntan a una estructura de seis factores de la inteligencia emocional: Atención a las propias emociones; Atención a las emociones de otros; Regulación de las propias emociones; Emoción expresada; Regulación de las emociones de otros; Emociones en la resolución de problemas. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró claramente que los factores de la EIS presentan una varianza acumulada del 59,83%, mostrando su capacidad de explicar la variación de inteligencia emocional. Por su parte, el análisis factorial confirmatorio confirma la adecuación del modelo compuesto por seis factores identificados y 33 ítems. La EIS es un instrumento fácil de comprender y rápido de completar, por lo que se considera útil para la evaluación de la inteligencia emocional en población hispanohablante.

Abstract This work has as a purpose to adjust the Emotional Intelligence Scale -EIS- of Schutte et al. (1998), the internal consistency and the factorial structure were investigated, comparing three measurement models, from a Spanish version, in a sample of 1153 people (48.83% men; M age = 29.32 years). The study comprises two phases: 1) the EIS English version was translated into Spanish also, its internal consistency, factorial structure and convergent validity were evaluated; and 2) the Confirmatory Factorial Analysis of the questionnaire was carried out. The results support the internal consistency of the measure and point to a structure of six factors of emotional intelligence: Appraisal of own emotions; Appraisal of others emotions; Regulation of own emotions; Expressed emotion; Regulation of others emotions; Emotions in problem solving. The Exploratory Factor Analysis clearly showed that the factors of the EIS show an accumulated variance of 59.831%, presenting its capability to explain the variation of emotional intelligence. On the other hand, Confirmatory Factor Analysis validates the adequacy of the model consisted of six identified factors and 33 items. Due to its facility to be understood and completed, the EIS is considered a useful instrument for emotional intelligence evaluation in the Spanish speaking population.

Abstract Internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, social anxiety, somatic complaints, post-traumatic symptoms, and obsession-compulsion) are very important in adolescents’ development. These problems can be related with people who lack social skills and poorly handle their emotions. This study assessed 1358 secondary education students (12-17 years) to analyze the relationship linking internalizing problems, emotional intelligence, and social skills. The results showed not only how these constructs were related, but how students’ internalizing problems varied according to their emotional intelligence and social skills. They also indicated that two in every three males, and just over one in every two females, obtained high scores for internalizing problems. The model showed a good fit: χ2(85) = 201.161 p <0.001; X2/g/ = 2.367; CFI = 0.919; NFI = 0.869; TLI = 0.900; RMSEA = 0.075, IC 95% (0.062-0.089). Finally, gender influenced the way that internalizing problems, emotional intelligence, and social skills were related, and an inverse relation appeared to link internalizing problems, emotional intelligence (r = - .77), and social skills (r = - .52) for females, while this relationship was poorer for males. By way of conclusion, we state that internalizing problems are related with emotional intelligence and social skills in secondary education students, but this relationship differs according to gender.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação entre as orientações de meta e o burnout acadêmico em uma população de 3512 alunos (M=14.55; DT=1.68) pertencentes a 18 centros de Educação Secundária Obrigatória (ESO). Os instrumentos utilizados foram as versões espanholas do Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), o Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) e a Intrinsic Satisfaction Classroom Scale (ISC). Os resultados mostraram relações significativas entre as orientações de meta para a tarefa, eficácia acadêmica e a diversão, em uma clara linha de comportamentos mais adaptativos assim como, por outro lado, a relação das orientações de meta para o ego com o esgotamento físico/emocional, cinismo e tédio, em linha mais mal adaptativa. Deduziu-se a importância da promoção de comportamentos adaptativos orientados ao esforço, trabalho e auto eficácia que melhorem o bem-estar e a vida acadêmica dos estudantes em colégios.

Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between burnout and engagement in a sample of 3512 students (M=14.55; DT=1.68) belonging to 12 secondary education highschools. The instruments used were the Spanish version of the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and the Intrinsic Satisfaction Classroom Scale (ISC). The results showed significant relationships between task orientations with academic efficacy and fun, in a more self-determined behavior than the relationship of ego orientations with physical/emotional exhaustion, cynicism and boredom, in a less self-determined behavior. Its revealed the importance of promoting adaptive behaviors oriented to the effort, engagement and self-efficacy that improve the well-being and academic life of the students in their high schools.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre las orientaciones de meta y el burnout académico en una población de 3512 alumnos (M=14.55; DT=1.68) pertenecientes a 18 centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron las versiones españolas del Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), el Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey (MBI-SS) y la Intrinsic Satisfaction Classroom Scale (ISC). Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas entre las orientaciones de meta hacia la tarea, eficacia académica y la diversión, en una clara línea de comportamientos más adaptativos así como, por otra parte, la relación de las orientaciones de meta hacia el ego con el agotamiento físico/emocional, cinismo y aburrimiento, en línea más desadaptativa. Se dedujo la importancia de la promoción de comportamientos adaptativos orientados al esfuerzo, trabajo y autoeficacia que mejoren el bienestar y la vida académica de los estudiantes en colegios.

Resumen. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la motivación escolar, la inteligencia emocional y el rendimiento académico en una muestra de 3512 estudiantes adolescentes pertenecientes a 18 centros educativos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Motivación Educativa (EME-S), la Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) y el rendimiento académico se cuantificó a través de la nota media de los alumnos. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas entre motivaciones escolares intrínsecas e inteligencia emocional, en mayor medida que con las extrínsecas y amotivación. Asimismo, la regulación emocional, la motivación intrínseca hacia el conocimiento y la amotivación predijeron el rendimiento escolar de los alumnos. Se desprende la influencia de las tres variables en el desarrollo personal y académico de los estudiantes.

Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between school motivation, emotional intelligence and academic performance in a sample of 3512 adolescent students belonging to 18 educational centers. The instruments used were the spanish versions of the Educational Motivation Scale (EME-S), the Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) and the academic performance was quantified through the average grade of the students. The results showed stronger relationships between intrinsic school motivations and emotional intelligence than extrinsic motivations and amotivation. Likewise, emotional regulation, intrinsic motivation and demotivation predicted students’ school performance. The influence of school motivation, emotional intelligence and academic performance in the personal and academic development of the students.

Resumen En el presente estudio, se evaluó a 652 estudiantes universitarios para analizar la relación entre el uso del humor, los afectos y su personalidad. Los resultados muestran cómo los hombres hacen un mayor uso del humor, tanto positivo como negativo, y presentan mayores niveles de impulsividad, actividad, sociabilidad y agresividad, no encontrándose diferencias en el manejo de los afectos. Las personas que muestran un mayor uso del humor positivo (afiliativo y automejora) también utilizan más los afectos positivos y muestran mayores niveles de actividad, sociabilidad e impulsividad. Por último, los resultados indican cómo tan solo 293 participantes (44,93 %) hacen un buen uso de los afectos, mayor uso de los estilos de humor positivo y presentan bajos niveles de ansiedad; 171 personas (26,22 %) muestran bajos niveles en los afectos y alto uso del humor afiliativo y agresivo como método de sociabilidad; y un grupo de 188 personas (28,83 %) tiene altos afectos negativos, bajo uso de los estilos de humor positivos y alta ansiedad y agresividad. Los datos proporcionan evidencia de la relación entre el sentido del humor, los afectos y la personalidad.

Abstract In the present study, 652 college students were evaluated to analyze the relationship between the use of humor, affect, and personality. The results showed that males made greater use of both positive and negative humor and had higher levels of impulsivity, activity, sociability, and aggressiveness. No differences between the sexes were found in the management of affect. People who showed greater use of positive humor (affiliative and self-enhancing), also showed more positive affect and higher levels of activity, sociability, and impulsivity. Finally, 293 participants (44.93 %) showed positive affect, increased positive mood, and low levels of anxiety; 171 people (26.22 °%) exhibited lower affect and high affiliative and aggressive use of humor as a method of sociability, and 188 people (28.83 °%) had highly negative affect, little exhibition of positive mood, and styles characterized by high anxiety and aggressiveness. The data provide evidence of the relationship between sense of humor, affect, and personality.

Resumo No presente estudo, avaliaram-se 652 estudantes universitários para analisar a relação entre o uso do humor, os afetos e sua personalidade. Os resultados mostram como os homens fazem um maior uso do humor, tanto positivo quanto negativo e apresentam maiores níveis de impulsividade, atividade, sociabilidade e agressividade, não se encontrando diferenças no manejo dos afetos. As pessoas que mostram um maior uso do humor positivo (afiliativo e auto-reforço), também utilizam mais os afetos positivos e mostram maiores níveis de atividade, sociabilidade e impulsividade. Por último, os resultados indicam como tão só 293 participantes (44,93 %) fazem um bom uso dos afetos, maior uso dos estilos de humor positivo e apresentam baixos níveis de ansiedade; 171 pessoas (26,22 %) mostram baixos níveis nos afetos e alto uso do humor afiliativo e agressivo, como método de sociabilidade; encontrando-se um grupo de 188 pessoas (28,83 %) com altos afetos negativos, sob uso dos estilos de humor positivos e alta ansiedade e agressividade. Os dados proporcionaram evidência da relação entre o sentido de humor, os afetos e a personalidade.

Resumen Uno de los problemas más graves a los que se enfrenta la sociedad actual resulta el consumo de drogas por parte de la población infantil y juvenil. La práctica deportiva puede actuar como factor de prevención del consumo; se la considera como uno de los hábitos más representativos de un estilo de vida saludable. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación e influencia de la motivación hacia la práctica deportiva en el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis de adolescentes deportistas escolares. Los resultados desprenden influencias significativas de motivaciones intrínsecas, extrínsecas y falta de motivación en las diferentes prevalencias de consumo en unos patrones de comportamiento más o menos autodeterminados y adaptativos.

Abstract One of the most serious problems faced by our society is the use of drugs by young people. Sports practice can act as a preventive factor being one of the most representative habits of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the objective of the study is to analyze the relationship and influence of motivation towards sports practice in the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis of school sports adolescents. The results reveal significant influences of intrinsic, extrinsic motivations and lack of motivation in the different prevalence of consumption in more or less self-determined and adaptive behavior patterns.

RESUMEN En los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, el riesgo de sufrir algún tipo de malestar psicológico con síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, es aproximadamente el doble que en población normal. Cuando son síntomas relacionados con condiciones concomitantes, físicas y psicológicas deben ser tratados. El objetivo de este trabajo, fue examinar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios de fisioterapia y técnicas psicológicas, en el bienestar psíquico de una población diabética. El programa de 12 semanas se aplicó en 25 pacientes y se evaluaron: dolor, tensión arterial, antropometría, analítica sanguínea y bienestar psíquico (cuestionario de Goldberg de 28 ítems: GHQ-28). A pesar de la edad (84 % < de 65 años), solo el 12 % trabajaban, debido a su situación clínica de alto riesgo cardiovascular, presencia de comorbilidades (96 %) y dolor asociado. Todo ello afectaba negativamente el bienestar psíquico de los pacientes que puntuaron alto en el GHQ: disfunción social (14.8 ± 2.2), síntomas somáticos (13.5 ± 3.6), ansiedad e insomnio (11.9 ± 3.4) y depresión severa (9.2 ± 4.4). La situación clínica determinó el diseño del programa, que mostró gran eficacia terapéutica para el dolor y el aumento del bienestar psicológico, con gran repercusión en la puntuación total del GHQ, en los síntomas somáticos y en la disfunción social, aunque en la ansiedad e insomnio y la depresión los cambios fueron menores. En síntesis, el programa mejoró el bienestar físico y psíquico de la muestra, lo que aumenta la evidencia sobre la opción de incluir fisioterapia y psicología para tratar las circunstancias que causan malestar psíquico en la diabetes.

ABSTRACT Diabetic patients are around twice as likely to suffer from anxiety and depression symptoms as the general population. When these symptoms are related to concurrent conditions they should be treated. The objective of this study has been to examine the effects of a physical therapy exercises and psychological techniques program, in mental wellness of a diabetic population. The twelve weeks program was applied in 25 patients. Pain, arterial pressure, anthropometry, blood samples and mental wellness (with 28 items Goldberg questionnaire: GHQ-28) were evaluated. Though they were relatively young (84 % < than 65 years), only 12 % were working, due to the high cardiovascular risk clinical situation, the existence of comorbidities (96 %) and the associated pain. These facts negatively affected the mental wellness of the people, so they scored high in GHQ questionnaire: social dysfunction (14.8 ± 2.2), somatic symptoms (13.5 ± 3.6), anxiety and insomnia (11.9 ± 3.4) and severe depression (9.2 ± 4.4). The clinical situation determined the design of the program, which showed good treatment effects for pain and general mental wellness, with high effect sizes, in GHQ total score, in somatic symptoms and in social dysfunction, though in anxiety and insomnia and severe depression the effect size was small. In conclusion, the program improved physical and psychological wellness of our patients. The evidence for inclusion of physical therapy and psychology techniques in the management of concurrent conditions in diabetes, source of mental discomfort, had been reinforced.

Abstract Background Working memory capacity and fluent intelligence influence cognitive capacity as a predictive value of success. In line with this, one matter appears, that of mind wandering, which partly explains the variability in the results obtained from the subjects who do these tests. A recently developed measure to evaluate this phenomenon is the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ). Objective The objective of this work was to translate into Spanish the MWQ for its use with adolescents and to validate it and to analyze its relation with these values: self-esteem, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, happiness, and positive and negative affects. Methods A sample of 543 secondary students: 270 males (49.72%) and 273 females (50.28%) were used, who completed the questionnaire, and also did tests of self-esteem, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, happiness, and positive and negative effects. The transcultural adaptation process followed these steps: translation, back translation, evaluation of translations by a panel of judges, and testing the final version. Results Validity analyses were done of the construct (% explained variance = 52.1), and internal consistency was high (α = .766). The coefficients of correlation with the self-esteem, MASS, satisfaction with life, happiness, and affects scales confirmed the questionnaire’s validity, and a multiple regression analysis (R 2= 34.1; model F= 24.19. p< 0.001) was run. Conclusions The Spanish version of the questionnaire obtained good reliability coefficients and its factorial structure reliably replicated that obtained by the original measure. The results indicate that the Spanish version of the MWQ is a suitably valid measure to evaluate the mind-wandering phenomenon.

Homeless people have a high rate of dropouts in establishing therapeutic processes. The reason for abandonment is not always known, this research addresses whether is mediated by mental disorders or personality disorders are those that carry more weight. The results show homeless people with mild cognitive impairment and personality disorders group interpersonal problems and ambivalent as the leading candidates to abandon psychosocial cutting processes. This implies the need to take into account in treating these disorders and development of specific programs of intervention.

Las personas sin hogar protagonizan un alto índice de abandonos en los procesos terapéuticos que establecen. El motivo de abandono no siempre es conocido, en esta investigación se aborda si viene mediado por los trastornos mentales o son los trastornos de personalidad los que llevan un mayor peso. Los resultados muestran a las personas sin hogar con deterioro cognitivo leve y trastornos de personalidad del grupo de problemas interpersonales y ambivalentes como los principales candidatos al abandono de procesos de corte psicosocial. Esto implica la necesidad de tener en cuenta estos trastornos en el tratamiento y desarrollo de programas específicos de intervención.

En este estudio se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre comorbilidad en los trastornos de personalidad en personas sin hogar. El objetivo del estudio era analizar si existe comorbilidad entre trastornos. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio ex post facto, de carácter transversal, con una muestra de 91 pacientes, que cumplimentaron una entrevista semiestructurada y el MCMI II, en el transcurso de su tratamiento. Los resultados muestran como en un 40,66% de la muestra, coexisten 2 o más trastornos de personalidad al mismo tiempo, con una media de 2,06 TP por persona. Además, los trastornos de personalidad del grupo B: antisocial, límite, histriónico y narcisista, son los que presentan un mayor índice de comorbilidad. Por el contrario, trastornos de personalidad del grupo C: obsesivo-compulsivo, por evitación o por dependencia, a pesar de tener mayor presencia, apenas presentan comorbilidad con otros. Por último, se comentan la implicación que tiene este estudio en la práctica clínica y líneas futuras de investigación.

An investigation on comorbilidad in the personality upsets in homeless people takes effect in this study. The objective of the study was to examine if the comorbilidad among upsets exists. For it, a study takes effect ex post facto, of transverse character, with 91 patients's sign, that a semi-structured interview and the MCMI paid a courteous visit to II, in the course of his treatment. The results evidence like in a 40.66% of sign, coexist 2 or more personality upsets simultaneously, with 2.06 TP's sock apiece. Besides, the personality upsets of the group B: Antisocial, limit, little histrion and narcissist, music they who that they show comorbidity's bigger index. On the contrary, personality upsets of the group C: The obsessed person compelled by a compulsion, for avoidance or for dependence, in spite of having principal witnesses, almost they show comorbilidad with others. Finally, they comment the implication that has this study at the practical clinic and future fact-finding lines.