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OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high mortality among hospitalized patients and incurs high costs. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can trigger both inflammatory and thrombotic processes, and these complications can lead to a poorer prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association and temporal trends of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), hospital mortality, and costs among inpatients with COVID-19. METHODS: Data were extracted from electronic patient records and laboratory databases. Crude and adjusted associations for age, sex, number of comorbidities, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at admission, and D-dimer or CRP logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: Between March and June 2020, COVID-19 was documented in 3,254 inpatients. The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL fibrinogen equivalent unit (FEU) mortality odds ratio (OR) was 4.48 (adjusted OR: 1.97). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for death was 7.73 (adjusted OR: 3.93). The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL FEU VTE OR was 3.96 (adjusted OR: 3.26). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for VTE was 2.71 (adjusted OR: 1.92). All these analyses were statistically significant (p<0.001). Stratified hospital costs demonstrated a dose-response pattern. Adjusted D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher mortality and doubled hospital costs. In the first week, elevated D-dimer levels predicted VTE occurrence and systemic inflammatory harm, while CRP was a hospital mortality predictor. CONCLUSION: D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher hospital mortality and a higher incidence of VTE. D-dimer was more strongly associated with VTE, although its discriminative ability was poor, while CRP was a stronger predictor of hospital mortality. Their use outside the usual indications should not be modified and should be discouraged.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3547

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection caused by the P.1 lineage in Araraquara city, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
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Romano, Camila Malta

; Felix, Alvina Clara

; Paula, Anderson Vicente de

; Jesus, Jaqueline Góes de

; Andrade, Pamela S.

; Cândido, Darlan

; Oliveira, Franciane M. de

; Ribeiro, Andreia C.

; Silva, Francini C. da

; Inemami, Marta

; Costa, Angela Aparecida

; Leal, Cibele O. D.

; Figueiredo, Walter Manso

; Pannuti, Claudio Sergio

; Souza, William M. de

; Faria, Nuno Rodrigues

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2021, Volume 63 elocation e36

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Reinfection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) has been reported in many countries, suggesting that the virus may continue to circulate among humans despite the possibility of local herd immunity due to massive previous infections. The emergence of variants of concern (VOC) that are more transmissible than the previous circulating ones has raised particular concerns on the vaccines effectiveness and reinfection rates. The P.1 lineage was first identified in December 2020 in Manaus city and is now globally spread. We report the first case of reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 caused by the P.1 variant outside of Manaus. The potential of these new variants to escape naturally and vaccine- induced immunity highlights the need for a global vigilance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163036 1125 downloads

Test seeking: are healthcare professionals referring people to blood centers for infections marker testing?
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Moreno, Elizabeth C.

; Bruhn, Roberta

; Sabino, Ester C.

; Bolina-Santos, Eduarda

; Miranda, Carolina

; Carneiro-Proietti, Anna Barbara

; Lopes, Maria Esther

; Almeida-Neto, Cesar de

; Loureiro, Paula

; Capuani, Ligia

; Takecian, Pedro L.

; Custer, Brian

; Gonçalez, Thelma T.

Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

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Set 2019, Volume 41 Nº 3 Páginas 229 - 235

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Test-seeking is associated with HIV in Brazilian blood donors. This study sought to investigate the frequency with which three different donor groups: deferred donors, accepted donors who tested HIV positive [HIV (+)], and accepted donors who tested infectious disease markers negative [IDM (−)], came to the blood bank at the suggestion of a health care professional. Study design and methods: Donors deferred for reporting high-risk behaviors and participants in an HIV risk factor case-control study completed a confidential audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) that included two questions related to health care professionals and test-seeking. Results: Of 4013 enrolled deferred donors, 468 (11.8%) reported a health care professional suggested donation as a way to be tested for infection. Of 341 HIV (+) and 791 IDM (−) participants, 43 (12.6%) and 11 (1.4%), respectively, reported a health care professional suggested donation as a way to be tested for infection. Physicians were the most frequently reported source of referral: [(61.5% of deferred, 69.1% of HIV (+), and 9.1% of IDM (−) donors)]. Conclusion: HIV (+) donors and deferred donors were 10 times more likely to report test-seeking behavior by suggestion of health care professional than IDM (−) donors. If true, efforts should be made to educate health care professionals and blood donors on how to safeguard the blood supply, emphasizing that HIV testing should be done at volunteer testing centers rather than at the blood centers.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2018.11.002 356 downloads

Zika virus infection among symptomatic patients from two healthcare centers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral detection in body fluids and serodynamics
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Tozetto-Mendoza, Tania Regina

; Avelino-Silva, Vivian Iida

; Fonseca, Silvia

; Claro, Ingra Morales

; Paula, Anderson Vicente de

; Levin, Anna Sara

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cassia

; Figueiredo, Walter Manso

; Felix, Alvina Clara

; Souza, Nathalia C. Santiago

; Costa, Angela Aparecida

; Inenami, Marta

; Silva, Rosangela M. Gasparetto da

; Levi, José Eduardo

; Romano, Camila Malta

; Paranhos-Baccalà, Glaucia

; Segurado, Aluisio Cotrim

; Mayaud, Philippe

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2019, Volume 61 elocation e19

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) clinical presentation and frequency/duration of shedding need further clarification. Symptomatic ZIKV-infected individuals identified in two hospitals in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were investigated regarding clinical characteristics, shedding in body fluids, and serodynamics. Ninety-four of 235 symptomatic patients (Site A: 58%; Site B: 16%) had Real-Time PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection; fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent, and rash was more frequent compared to ZIKV-negative patients. Real-Time PCR in serum had worse performance compared to plasma, while urine had the highest sensitivity. Shedding in genital fluids and saliva was rare. IgM positivity was the highest <14 days after the symptoms onset (86%), decreasing >28 days (24%); IgG positivity increased >14 days (96%) remaining positive in 94% of patients >28 days. ZIKV prevalence varied importantly in two neighboring cities during the same transmission season. Urine Real-Time PCR can improve diagnostic sensitivity; serum testing is less useful. Accurate serological tests are needed to improve diagnosis and surveillance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201961019 2345 downloads

Hepatitis C among blood donors: cascade of care and predictors of loss to follow-up
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Machado, Soraia Mafra

; Almeida Neto, Cesar de

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; Malta, Fernanda de Mello

; Capuani, Ligia

; Campos, Aléia Faustina

; Abreu, Fatima Regina Marques

; Nastri, Ana Catharina de Seixas Santos

; Santana, Rúbia Anita Ferraz

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2017, Volume 51 elocation 40

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the HCV cascade of care and to identify the factors associated with loss or absence to follow-up of patients identified as infected with hepatitis C through blood donation. METHODS Blood donors from 1994 to 2012, identified with positive anti- HCV by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot tests were invited to participate in the study, through letters or phone calls. Patients who agreed to participate were interviewed and their blood samples were collected for further testing. The following variables were investigated: demographic data, data on comorbidities and history concerning monitoring of hepatitis C. Multiple regression analysis by Poisson regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with non-referral for consultation or loss of follow-up. RESULTS Of the 2,952 HCV-infected blood donors, 22.8% agreed to participate: 394 (58.2%) male, median age 48 years old and 364 (53.8%) Caucasian. Of the 676 participants, 39.7% did not receive proper follow-up or treatment after diagnosis: 45 patients referred not to be aware they were infected, 61 did not seek medical attention and 163 started a follow-up program, but were non-adherent. The main reasons for inadequate follow-up were not understanding the need for medical care (71%) and health care access difficulties (14%). The variables showing a significant association with inadequate follow-up after multiple regression analysis were male gender (PR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.15–1.71), age under or equal to 50 years (PR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.12–1.65) and non-Caucasians (PR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.27–1.84). CONCLUSIONS About 40.0% of patients did not receive appropriate follow-up. These data reinforce the need to establish strong links between primary care and reference centers and the need to improve access to specialists and treatments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006468 865 downloads

Hepatitis C among blood donors: cascade of care and predictors of loss to follow-up
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Machado, Soraia Mafra

; Almeida Neto, Cesar de

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; Malta, Fernanda de Mello

; Capuani, Ligia

; Campos, Aléia Faustina

; Abreu, Fatima Regina Marques

; Nastri, Ana Catharina de Seixas Santos

; Santana, Rúbia Anita Ferraz

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2017, Volume 51 elocation 40

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006468 229 downloads

A comprehensive protocol to evaluate the use of blood and its components in Latin America and the Caribbean
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Pozo, Ana E. del

; Pérez-Rosales, Maria D.

; Almeida-Neto, Cesar de

; Remesar, Mirta C.

; Cortes, Armando D.

; Delgado, Raquel Baumgratz

; Mendrone Jr., Alfredo

; Sabino, Ester

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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Jun 2015, Volume 37 Nº 6 Páginas 435 - 441

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Blood transfusion safety is a critical part of appropriate health care. Considering the limited information available on the use of blood and its components in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Grupo Cooperativo iberoamericano de Medicina Transfusional (Ibero-American Cooperative Group for Transfusion Medicine; GCIAMT), through its Research and International Affairs committees, carried out a project to develop a protocol that would facilitate the evaluation of blood usage at the country, jurisdiction, and institutional levels in varied country contexts. Experts in blood safety from the Pan American Health Organization (Washington, DC, United States), the University of São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil), the Hemocentro of São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil), and GCIAMT designed a 2-step comprehensive blood-use evaluation protocol: step 1 collects data from blood requests, and step 2, from medical charts. At a minimum, 1 000 analyzed requests are necessary; as such, study periods vary depending on the number of transfusion requests issued. An Internet-based application, the Modular Research System-Study Management System (MRS-SMS), houses the data and produces reports on how hospitals request blood, how blood is issued, who requires blood and blood components, and as an added benefit, how many blood units are wasted and what the real demand for blood is.

La seguridad de las transfusiones de sangre constituye una parte fundamental de una apropiada atención de salud. Teniendo en cuenta la limitada información disponible sobre el uso de la sangre y sus componentes en América Latina y el Caribe, el Grupo Cooperativo Iberoamericano de Medicina Transfusional (GCIAMT), mediante sus comités de Investigación y de Asuntos Internacionales, llevó a cabo un proyecto de elaboración de un protocolo que facilitara la evaluación del uso de la sangre a nivel de país, jurisdiccional e institucional, en diversos contextos de país. Expertos en seguridad de la sangre de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, DC, Estados Unidos), la Universidad de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brasil), el Hemocentro de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brasil) y el GCIAMT diseñaron un protocolo integral de evaluación del uso de la sangre en 2 etapas: en la primera se recopilan datos de las solicitudes de sangre, y en la segunda, de las historias clínicas. Como mínimo, es preciso analizar 1 000 solicitudes; por ello, los períodos de estudio varían en dependencia del número de solicitudes de transfusión expedidas. Una aplicación basada en internet, el Modular Research System, Study Management System, alberga los datos y elabora informes sobre cómo solicitan sangre los hospitales, cómo se expide la sangre, quién requiere sangre y componentes sanguíneos y, como beneficio añadido, cuántas unidades de sangre se desperdician y cuál es la demanda real de sangre.

1938 downloads

Doenças hematológicas associadas ao eritrovírus
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Garcia, Sheila O.

; Pereira, Juliana

; Godoy, Carla R. T.

; Sanabani, Sabri

; Kleine Neto, Walter

; Sabino, Ester C.

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

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Ago 2009, Volume 31 Nº 4 Páginas 285 - 290

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O eritrovírus infecta células precursoras eritroides, determinando a interrupção temporária da eritropoese. Neste contexto, é importante o conhecimento das principais doenças hematológicas que podem estar associadas à presença do vírus, principalmente quando estão presentes em condições mórbidas, tais como nas anemias hemolíticas hereditárias. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar as principais doenças hematológicas que cursam com a infecção pelo eritrovírus B19.

Erythroviruses infect precursor erythroid cells, determining a temporary disruption of erythropoiesis. Thus, knowledge of the main hematological diseases that may be associated with the virus is important, especially when they are present in morbid conditions, such as in hereditary hemolytic anemia. This paper aims at reporting the main hematological diseases that are associated with erythrovirus infections.

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Células infectadas pelo eritrovírus B19
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Garcia, Sheila O.

; Sabino, Ester C.

; Martinez, Gracia M.

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

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Fev 2009, Volume 31 Nº 1 Páginas 54 - 54

Resumo: Pt | Texto: Pt | PDF: Pt

2748 downloads

10.

Virus SEN: epidemiologia e sua relação com doenças hepáticas
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Failace, Rogério

; Sabino, Ester C.

; Mendrone Junior, Alfredo

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

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Mar 2006, Volume 28 Nº 1 Páginas 60 - 64

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Um vírus recentemente identificado e denominado como vírus SEN (SENV) tem sido considerado como um possível agente causador das hepatites não A-E. Trata-se de um DNA vírus de cadeia única, não-envelopado, pertencente à superfamília Circoviridae, com prevalência bastante variável em indivíduos saudáveis. Embora sua principal via de transmissão parece ser a parenteral, outras formas de transmissão não podem ser excluídas. Apesar da prevalência da infecção pelo SENV ser mais freqüente em pacientes com doenças hepáticas do que na população geral, não existem evidências comprovando que a infecção isolada por este vírus cause hepatite aguda ou que a co-infecção com os vírus das hepatites A, B ou C piore o curso da doença hepática. Em indivíduos com doença hepática preexistente não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos níveis de alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e nos achados histológicos hepáticos quando comparados os pacientes com e sem a infecção associada pelo vírus SEN. Diferente das infecções crônicas causadas pelos vírus B e C, a infecção pelo SENV não tem sido considerada como um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de carcinoma hepatocelular. Finalmente, apesar da maior prevalência da infecção pelo vírus SEN em pacientes transfundidos, não existe evidência clara da relação causal entre este agente infeccioso e a hepatite pós-transfusional não A-E. Novos estudos são necessários para se definir a patogênese e a importãncia clínica da infecção pelo vírus SEN.

SENV, a new, recently-identified human virus, has been considered a possible causative agent of non-A to E hepatitis. It is a single stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus classified within the Circoviridae family. Prevalence in different populations shows great variability with differences between countries and ethnic groups. Although parenteral route is an efficient way for virus transmission, other routes of transmission cannot be excluded. The effect of SENV on acute and chronic liver diseases has been studied. In spite of the fact that the prevalence of SENV is higher among patients with hepatic disorders, there is no evidence that SENV infection is able to cause acute hepatitis or to change the clinical course of hepatitis A, B or C. There is also no evidence that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is higher or that the histological parameters are worse in patients with hepatic disorders co-infected with SENV as compared to patients without co-infections. Unlike chronic hepatitis B Virus or Hepatitis C Virus infection, SENV infection has not been considered a risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, although it is clear that the prevalence of SENV is higher in blood transfusion recipients, there is no clear evidence that this virus is the causative agent of post-transfusion hepatitis. Further studies are needed to define the clinical importance of SENV infection.

2614 downloads

11.

HTLV in the Americas: challenges and perspectives
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Carneiro-Proietti, Anna Bárbara F.

; Catalan-Soares, Bernadette C.

; Castro-Costa, Carlos M.

; Murphy, Edward L.

; Sabino, Ester C.

; Hisada, Michie

; Galvão-Castro, Bernardo

; Alcantara, Luiz C. J.

; Remondegui, Carlo

; Verdonck, Kristien

; Proietti, Fernando A.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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Jan 2006, Volume 19 Nº 1 Páginas 44 - 53

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The first description of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was made in 1980, followed closely by the discovery of HTLV-2, in 1982. Since then, the main characteristics of these viruses, commonly referred to as HTLV-1/2, have been thoroughly studied. Central and South America and the Caribbean are areas of high prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTVL-2 and have clusters of infected people. The major modes of transmission have been through sexual contact, blood, and mother to child via breast-feeding. HTLV-1 is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/ TSP), and HTLV-associated uveitis as well as infectious dermatitis of children. More clarification is needed in the possible role of HTLV in rheumatologic, psychiatric, and infectious diseases. Since cures for ATL and HAM/TSP are lacking and no vaccine is available to prevent HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 transmission, these illnesses impose enormous social and financial costs on infected individuals, their families, and health care systems. For this reason, public health interventions aimed at counseling and educating high-risk individuals and populations are of vital importance. In the Americas this is especially important in the areas of high prevalence.

La primera descripción del virus de la leucemia humana de células T tipo 1 (VLHT-1) se hizo en 1980, y al poco tiempo, en 1982, se descubrió el VLHT-2. Desde entonces las características principales de estos virus, a los que a menudo se les llama VLHT-1/2, se han estudiado exhaustivamente. Centroamérica, América del Sur y el Caribe son áreas con una alta prevalencia de VLHT-1 y VLHT-2 donde hay conglomerados de personas infectadas. Las principales vías de transmisión han sido el contacto sexual, la sangre y sus derivados, y la de madre a hijo por la leche materna. El VLHT-1 se asocia con la leucemia o el linfoma de células T maduras (LTM), la mielopatía o paraparesia tropical espástica ligada al VLHT (M/PTE), y la uveítis ligada al VLHT, así como con la dermatitis infecciosa de la infancia. Se necesita más información acerca del posible papel que desempeña el VLHT en la aparición de enfermedades reumáticas, psiquiátricas e infecciosas. En vista de que no se dispone de ninguna cura para la LTM ni la M/PTE, como tampoco de ninguna vacuna para prevenir la transmisión del VLHT-1 y VLHT-2, estas enfermedades acarrean enormes costos sociales y económicos para las personas infectadas, sus parientes y los sistemas de salud. Por este motivo, las intervenciones sanitarias orientadas a asesorar e instruir a personas y poblaciones en alto riesgo revisten una importancia crítica. En el continente americano esto cobra aun más importancia en zonas de alta prevalencia.

7503 downloads

12.

Genotype distribution of the GB virus C in citizens of São Paulo City, Brazil
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Nishiya, Anna S.

; Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, Gabriela

; Bassit, Leda

; Focaccia, Roberto

; Chamone, Dalton F.

; Sabino, Ester C.

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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Ago 2003, Volume 45 Nº 4 Páginas 213 - 216

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Há na literatura vários estudos filogenéticos e de distribuição de genótipos do chamado "Vírus GB-C" ou da "Hepatite G", mais conhecido pela dupla sigla "GBV-C/HGV". Ocorre que, em sua grande maioria, estas pesquisas foram realizadas com amostras de grupos ligados epidemiologicamente e não com indivíduos representativos da população geral. O presente estudo é uma continuação do primeiro trabalho no Brasil feito com este tipo de amostragem. Trata-se de análise filogenética e distribuição genotípica do GBV-C/HGV a partir de amostras isoladas dentre mais de 1.000 indivíduos da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, um fragmento de 728 pares de base da região 5' não-codificadora (5´NCR) do genoma viral, de 24 amostras, foi sequenciado e submetido à analise filogenética. Foram identificados os genótipos 1, 2a e 2b nas respectivas freqüências: 8,3% (2/24), 50% (12/24) e 41,7% (10/24). Concluindo, São Paulo apresenta uma distribuição de genótipos semelhante à publicada para outros estados e regiões do Brasil, endossando a idéia de que os tipos 1 e 2 teriam vindo com os africanos e europeus, respectivamente, e portanto estariam na população do país desde a sua formação.

There has been several studies worldwide on phylogenetics and genotype distribution of the GB-virus C / Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV). However, in their great majority, those investigations were based on some epidemiologically linked group, rather than on a representative sampling of the general population. The present is a continuation of the first study in Brazil with such a population; it addresses the GBV-C/HGV phylogenetics and genotype distribution based on samples identified among more than 1,000 individuals of the city of São Paulo. For this purpose, a 728 bp fragment of the 5´non-coding region (5´NCR) of the viral genome, from 24 isolates, was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Genotypes 1, 2a and 2b were found at 8.3% (2/24), 50% (12/24) and 41.7% (10/24), respectively. In conclusion São Paulo displays a genotype distribution similar to the published data for other States and Regions of Brazil, endorsing the notion that types 1 and 2 would have entered the country with African and European people, respectively, since its earliest formation.

2622 downloads

13.

Evaluation of the concomitant use of two different EIA tests for HIV screening in blood banks
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Otani, Marcia M.

; Salles, Nanci A.

; Barreto, Angela M.E.

; Barreto, Claudia C.

; Chamone, Dalton F.

; Sabino, Ester C.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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Mar 2003, Volume 13 Nº 2-3 Páginas 172 - 175

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

OBJECTIVE: In 1998, the Brazilian Ministry of Health made it mandatory for all blood banks in the country to screen donated blood for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) concomitantly using two different enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests. Concerned with the best use of available resources, our objective with this study was to evaluate the usefulness of conducting two EIA screening tests instead of just one. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1999 through 2001 obtained by testing 698 191 units of donated blood using two EIA HIV screening tests concomitantly at the Pro-Blood Foundation/Blood Center of São Paulo (Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo), which is a major blood center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. All samples reactive in at least one of the two EIA tests were submitted for confirmation by a Western blot (WB) test, and the persons who had donated those samples were also asked to return and provide a follow-up sample. RESULTS: Out of the 698 191 blood units that were donated, 2 718 of them (0.4%) had to be discarded because they were reactive to at least one of the EIA tests. There were two WB-positive donation samples that were reactive in only one HIV EIA screening test. On their follow-up samples, both donors tested WB-negative. These cases were considered false positive results at screening. Of the 2 718 donors who were asked to return and provide a follow-up sample, 1 576 of them (58%) did so. From these 1 576 persons, we found that there were two individuals who had been reactive to only one of the two EIA screening tests and who had also been negative on the WB at screening but who were fully seroconverted on the follow-up sample. We thus estimated that, in comparison to the use of a single EIA screening test, the use of two EIA screening tests would detect only one extra sample out of 410 700 units of blood. CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support the use of two different, concomitant EIA screening tests for HIV. The great majority of HIV-positive donors have already seroconverted and will be detected using only a single EIA screening test. Only persons who are going through the process of seroconversion may be missed by using a single EIA test and detected using two EIAs for screening. To screen out these individuals and decrease the residual risk of HIV transmission from the blood donated in our center, the use of other techniques, such as nucleic acid testing (NAT) or a p24 antigen assay, would be more effective.

OBJETIVO: En 1998, el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil decretó que todos los bancos de sangre en el país debían someter toda la sangre donada a un tamizaje para la detección del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) usando concomitantemente dos inmunoensayos enzimáticos (IEE) diferentes. Nuestro objetivo al realizar el presente estudio, resultado de un afán por sacar el máximo provecho a los recursos disponibles, ha sido evaluar la utilidad de hacer un tamizaje con dos IEE en lugar de uno solo. MÉTODOS: Analizamos datos de 1999-2001 obtenidos como resultado del tamizaje de 698 191 unidades de sangre donada mediante dos IEE aplicados concomitantemente en la Fundación Pro-Sangre del Centro de Sangre de São Paulo (Fundação Pró-Sangue/ Hemocentro de São Paulo), que es un centro hematológico importante en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Toda muestra que fue reactiva en por lo menos uno de los dos IEE fue sometida a un inmunoblot de Western (WB) a manera de confirmación, y a las personas que habían donado la sangre positiva también se les pidió que regresaran para proporcionar una muestra de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: De las 698 191 unidades de sangre que fueron donadas, hubo que descartar 2 718 (0,4%) porque mostraron reactividad a uno de los IEE o ambos. Dos de las muestras donadas que mostraron positividad en el WB fueron reactivas en solamente uno de los IEE de tamizaje. En lo que respecta a las muestras de seguimiento, ambos donantes tuvieron resultados negativos en el WB. Estos resultados se consideraron positivos falsos para fines del tamizaje. De los 2 718 donantes a quienes se les pidió que regresaran para proporcionar una muestra de seguimiento, 1 576 (58%) cumplieron. De estas 1 576 personas, dos habían mostrado reactividad a solamente uno de los IEE de tamizaje, con resultados negativos en el WB, pero habían mostrado una seroconversión completa en la muestra de seguimiento. Por consiguiente, nuestra conclusión es que el tamizaje con dos IEE, en comparación con uno solo, permitiría detectar solamente una muestra adicional de un total de 410 700 unidades de sangre. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros datos no respaldan la conveniencia de usar concomitantemente dos IEE diferentes para el tamizaje del VIH. La gran mayoría de los donantes con positividad a VIH ya habrán tenido una seroconversión y se pueden detectar con un solo IEE. Solamente aquellas personas que están aún en proceso de seroconversión podrían no ser detectadas mediante un solo IEE, pero sí con dos. Para identificar a estas personas y reducir cualquier riesgo residual de transmitir el VIH por medio de la sangre donada en nuestro centro, sería más eficaz el uso de otras técnicas, tales como las pruebas a base de ácidos nucleicos o un ensayo a base de Agp24.

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14.

Trends in the profile of blood donors at a large blood center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil
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Gonçalez, Thelma

; Sabino, Ester C.

; Chamone, Dalton F.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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Mar 2003, Volume 13 Nº 2-3 Páginas 144 - 148

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in the profile of blood donors from 1995 through 2001 at a large blood center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, particularly following the initiation in 1998 of marketing strategies aimed at substituting replacement donors with altruistic repeat donors. METHODS: Using an information system that had been established at the Pro-Blood Foundation/Blood Center of São Paulo (Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo) in 1994, we collected information on sex, age, and type of donation for the years 1995-2001. We classified blood donors as either replacement blood donors (if they stated that the reason for donating was that they had a friend or relative in the hospital) or as altruistic donors. First-time blood donors were those who had not donated in our institution since the establishment of the information system. RESULTS: The percentage of repeat altruistic blood donors increased over time as first-time replacement donors declined for both genders. The proportion of altruistic donors climbed from 20% of all blood donors in 1995 to 57% in 2001. In 2001, first-time blood donors represented only 52% of all donors, as contrasted to 88% in 1995. Female donors increased from 20% to 37% of the donors over the period studied. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide evidence that the São Paulo population has responded well to the marketing strategies that have been introduced in our institution. We believe that similar promotional efforts elsewhere in Brazil would produce comparable, positive results.

OBJETIVO: Describir las tendencias observadas de 1995 a 2001 en el perfil de los donantes de sangre de un gran centro de hemoterapia en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, particularmente después del lanzamiento en 1998 de estrategias de mercadeo orientadas a sustituir los donantes por reemplazo por donantes altruistas a repetición. MÉTODOS: Usando un sistema de información que había sido establecido en la Fundación Pro-Sangre/Hemocentro de São Paulo (Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo) en 1994, obtuvimos información acerca del sexo y la edad de los donantes y el tipo de donación para el período de 1995-2001. Clasificamos a los donantes de sangre en donantes de reemplazo (si su motivo para donar sangre era la presencia de un pariente u amigo en el hospital) o bien en donantes altruistas. Las personas que donaban su sangre por primera vez fueron aquellas que nunca habían donado sangre en nuestra institución desde que se estableció el sistema de información. RESULTADOS: El porcentaje de donantes altruistas a repetición aumentó a lo largo del tiempo a medida que el número de donantes de reemplazo que donaban sangre por primera vez se redujo en ambos sexos. La proporción de donantes altruistas subió de 20% de todos los donantes en 1995 a 57% en 2001. En 2001, los donantes que donaban por primera vez representaban solamente 52% de todos los donantes de sangre, en comparación con 88% en 1995. La proporción de mujeres donantes subió de 20 a 37% de todos los donantes en el período estudiado. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros datos confirman que la población de São Paulo, Brasil, ha respondido bien a las estrategias de mercadeo que han sido adoptadas en nuestra institución. Consideramos que la adopción de iniciativas de promoción similares en otras partes del Brasil daría resultados positivos de igual naturaleza.

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15.

Descarte de bolsas de sangue e prevalência de doenças infecciosas em doadores de sangue da Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo
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Salles, Nanci A.

; Sabino, Ester C.

; Barreto, Claudia C.

; Barreto, Angela M. E.

; Otani, Marcia M.

; Chamone, Dalton F.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

Métricas do periódico
- Sobre o periódico
- SciELO Analytics

Mar 2003, Volume 13 Nº 2-3 Páginas 111 - 116

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução, de 1991 a 2001, do descarte sorológico na Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, o maior banco de sangue da América Latina, e verificar a prevalência de doenças infecciosas entre doadores dessa instituição no ano de 2001. MÉTODOS: Foram compilados os dados de descarte sorológico relativos aos anos de 1991 a 2001. Para determinar a prevalência de doenças infecciosas, foram analisadas 9 942 amostras triadas em novembro de 2001, sendo as amostras reativas submetidas a testes confirmatórios. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada uma diminuição percentual significativa de descarte, de 20% em 1991 para 9% em 2001. A prevalência de doenças infecciosas entre doadores em 2001 foi de 0,04% para vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH); 0,21% para vírus da hepatite C (VHC); 0,06% para vírus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV); para vírus da hepatite B (VHB), as prevalências foram de 0,14% para anti-HBc + HBsAg, 1,68% para anti-HBc + anti-HBs e 1,67% para anti-HBc isolado; 1,10% para sífilis; e 0,14% para doença de Chagas. CONCLUSÃO: A diminuição no descarte e a prevalência de doenças infecciosas entre doadores da Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo em 2001 refletem o aumento na porcentagem de doadores de repetição nesse banco de sangue.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the changes in the proportion of blood units discarded from 1991 through 2001 at the Pro-Blood Foundation/Blood Center of São Paulo (Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo), which is the largest blood bank in Latin America, and to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases among donors at the Blood Center in November 2001. METHODS: We compiled data concerning the discarding of blood units due to the presence of serological markers for communicable diseases at the Blood Center during the period from 1991 through 2001. To determine the prevalence of infectious diseases, 9 942 screened samples were analyzed in November 2001; all reactive samples underwent confirmatory tests. RESULTS: Over the study period there was a significant decrease in the percentage of units discarded, from 20% in 1991 to 9% in 2001. In November 2001 the prevalence of infectious diseases among donors was: 0.04% for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 0.21% for hepatitis C virus (HCV), 0.06% for human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), 0.14% for Chagas' disease, and 1.10% for syphilis. For hepatitis B virus, the prevalences found were: 0.14% for anti-HBc and HBsAg, 1.68% for anti-HBc and anti-HBs, and 1.67% for isolated anti-HBc. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in the discarding of blood units and in infectious diseases among donors at the Blood Center of São Paulo reflects the increase in the Center's percentage of repeat donors.

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