Abstract Elephantgrass stands out for its high potential for forage production in different tropical and subtropical regions. In most properties, it is cultivated intensively with high doses of mineral fertilizers, mainly nitrogen, which makes production expensive and less sustainable. In this context, the mixtures of elephantgrass with forage legumes can make the system more efficient and with less environmental impact. Thus, the objective is to evaluate elephantgrass-based grazing systems,with or without a legume in terms of sward characteristics, herbage accumulation and nutritional value of pastures during one, agricultural year. Two grazing systems (treatments) were analyzed: (i) elephantgrass-based (EG) with mixed spontaneous-growing species (SGE) in the warm-season and ryegrass (R) in the cool-season; and (ii) EG + SGE + R + pinto peanut. The standardization criterion between the systems was the level of nitrogen fertilization (120 kg N/ha/year). The presence of pinto peanut positively affected the botanical composition of the pasture, with a reduction in SGE and dead material, and in the morphology of elephantgrass, with a greater proportion of leaf blades, and less stem + sheath and senescent material. In themixture with pinto peanut, there was an increase in herbage accumulation and greater nutritional value of forage. regions properties fertilizers sustainable context impact Thus elephantgrassbased based systemswith characteristics one year treatments (treatments analyzed i (i (EG spontaneousgrowing spontaneous growing (SGE warmseason warm season (R coolseason cool cool-season ii (ii 120 (12 N/ha/year. Nhayear N/ha/year . N ha N/ha/year) pasture material blades 12 (1 1 (

ABSTRACT The study aimed to propose critical levels (CL) and sufficiency ranges of phosphorus (P) in leaves and soil, and rates of maximum technical (MTE) and economic (MEE) efficiency, to maximize marketable bulb yield in garlic (Allium sativum) cultivars grown in a subtropical climate. Field experiments were conducted for two seasons on clay soils in southern Brazil. The cultivars ‘Chonan’, ‘Ito’, and ‘Roxo Caxiense’ were subjected to the application of P rates (0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 kg P2O5·ha-1·yr-1). Garlic yield, soil P concentrations (Mehlich-1), and total P in leaves were determined. The CL in relation to total yield garlic yield were 3.5, 4.5, and 3.4 g P·kg-1 in leaves and 18, 28, and 14 mg P·dm-3 in soil, for ‘Chonan’, ‘Ito’, and ‘Roxo Caxiense’, respectively. The CL in relation to marketable garlic yield were 4.0, 3.5, and 3.6 g P·kg-1 in leaves and 22, 26, and 13 mg P·dm-3 in soil, for the respective cultivars. The MTE rates were 397 and 336 kg P2O5·ha-1, and the MEE rates were 353 and 297 kg P2O5·ha-1, for total and marketable garlic bulb yield. Based on our results, we recommend that garlic growers use when possible the individual nutritional reference values for specific garlic cultivars. (CL (P (MTE (MEE efficiency Allium sativum climate Brazil ‘Chonan, Chonan ‘Chonan , ‘Chonan’ ‘Ito, Ito ‘Ito ‘Ito’ Roxo Caxiense 0, 0 (0 50 100 250 P2O5·ha1·yr1. P2O5ha1yr1 POhayr P2O5·ha 1·yr 1 . P2O5 ha yr O P2O5·ha-1·yr-1) Mehlich1, Mehlich1 Mehlich (Mehlich-1) determined 35 3 5 3.5 45 4 4.5 34 3. P·kg1 Pkg1 Pkg P·kg P·kg- 18 28 P·dm3 Pdm3 Pdm P·dm dm P·dm- Caxiense, respectively 40 4.0 36 6 22 26 39 33 P2O5·ha1, P2O5ha1 POha 1, P2O5·ha-1 29 results ( 10 25 ha1 yr1 P2O5·ha1·yr1 P2O5ha1yr P2O5ha 1yr PO P2O P2O5·ha-1·yr-1 (Mehlich-1 4. kg1 2 dm3 P2O5·ha1 P2O5·ha- P2O5·ha1·yr P2O5·ha-1·yr- (Mehlich- P2O5·ha-1·yr (Mehlich

Sinningia reitzii (Hoehne) L. E. Skog (Gesneriaceae) is a subshrub native to Brazil, where it is distributed in two disjunctive populations around the 26°S and 23°S parallels. In this work, tubers of plants from the wild population growing at the 26°S parallel (Santa Catarina state) yielded two new naphthoquinones, 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-a-dunnione and 8-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-a-dunnione. Three known compounds were also isolated: 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-a-dunnione, 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-a-dunnione, and 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-O-methyldunniol. The naphthoquinones 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-O-methyldunniol, 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-a-dunnione, and 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-a-dunnione displayed antioxidant activity in the ORAC-FL method, with values of relative trolox equivalent in the range of 1.39-4.83 mmol g-1.

RESUMO: A acidez potencial do solo pode ser medida por dois métodos nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e Santa Catarina (SC): índice SMP ou solução TSM (Tampão Santa Maria). A calibração destes métodos é feita pela incubação de solos por longos períodos (180 dias) com quantidades crescentes de CaCO3. A hipótese deste estudo é que é possível reduzir o período de incubação em solos usando uma base solúvel como o hidróxido de cálcio. O trabalho objetivou estimar a acidez potencial em um grupo de solos por meio de incubação úmida com Ca(OH)2 (curta) como alternativa ao método típico com CaCO3 (longa) e relacionar com os valores estimados pela equação utilizada pela CQFS-RS/SC (2016). Dez solos com textura arenosa e baixo conteúdo de matéria orgânica foram coletados a 0-20cm na região da Campanha Gaúcha e incubados por 180 dias com doses de CaCO3 equivalentes a 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da exigência de calcário estimada pela solução TSM para elevar o pH a 6,0 (longa). Os solos foram também incubados por 4 dias em estufa a 35ºC com 0,22mol L-1 de Ca(OH)2 em doses equivalentes ao CaCO3 (curta). A incubação curta do solo com Ca(OH)2 pode substituir a incubação longa com CaCO3. Além disso, a estimativa da acidez potencial utilizando a equação do CQFS-RS/SC (2016) superestimou a acidez potencial de solos com valores de pH em solução TSM inferiores a 6,0 neste estudo.

ABSTRACT: Potential soil acidity can be measured by two methods in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC): solution SMP or solution TSM (Buffer Santa Maria). Calibration of these methods is done by incubating soils for long periods (180 days) of CaCO3. The hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to reduce the incubation period in soils by using a soluble base such as calcium hydroxide. The study aimed to estimate potential acidity in a group of soils by moist incubation with Ca(OH)2 (short) as an alternative to the typical method with CaCO3 (long) and relate to the values estimated by the equation used by the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Commission of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (CQFS-RS/SC; 2016). Ten soils with sandy texture and low organic matter content were collected at 0-20cm in the Campanha Gaúcha region of the state of RS and incubated for 180 days with doses of CaCO3 equivalent to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the lime requirement estimated by the solution TSM to raise to pH 6.0. Soils were also incubated for 4 days in an oven at 35ºC with 0.22mol L-1 Ca(OH)2 at doses equivalent to CaCO3. Short incubation of the soil with Ca(OH)2 may substitute long incubation with CaCO3. Also, estimating potential acidity using the equation of the CQFS-RS/SC (2016) overestimated potential acidity in soils with solution TSM pH values lower than 6.0 in this study.