ABSTRACT Background: Primary headaches, and particularly migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) as well as hypothyroidism are common medical conditions. To date, numerous studies have suggested a possible bidirectional relationship between migraine and hypothyroidism, although certain studies had contradictory results. Objective: To investigate whether there is any association between primary headache subtypes and thyroid disorders. Methods: A retrospective study of consecutive patients aged ≥18 years referred to the Headache Outpatient Clinic of Aeginition Hospital and diagnosed with primary headache and any thyroid disorder. Results: Out of 427 patients (males/females=76/351), 253 (59.3%) were diagnosed with migraine without aura, 53 (12.4%) with TTH, 49 (11.5%) with migraine with aura, 29 (6.8%) with medication-overuse headache, 23 (5.4%) with mixed-type headache (migraine with/without aura and TTH), nine (2.1%) with cluster headache, and 11 (2.6%) with other types of primary headaches. The prevalence of any type of thyroid disorder was 20.8% (89/427 patients). In the total sample, 27 patients (6.3%) reported hypothyroidism, 18 (4.2%) unspecified thyroidopathy, 14 (3.3%) thyroid nodules, 12 (2.8%) Hashimoto thyroiditis, 12 (2.8%) thyroidectomy, three (0.7%) thyroid goiter, and three (0.7%) hyperthyroidism. Further statistical analysis between categorical variables did not reveal any significant association between headache subtypes and thyroid dysfunction. Conclusions: No specific association was found between primary headache subtypes and specific thyroid disorder. However, a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in general and specifically hypothyroidism was demonstrated among patients with primary headaches, which lays the foundation for further clarification in prospective longitudinal studies. Background headaches tensiontype tension TTH (TTH conditions date results Objective disorders Methods ≥1 Results 42 males/females=76/351, malesfemales76351 malesfemales males/females=76/351 , males females 76 351 (males/females=76/351) 25 59.3% 593 59 3 (59.3% 5 12.4% 124 4 (12.4% 11.5% 115 (11.5% 2 6.8% 68 6 8 (6.8% medicationoveruse medication overuse 5.4% 54 (5.4% mixedtype mixed withwithout TTH) 2.1% 21 1 (2.1% 2.6% 26 (2.6% 208 20 20.8 89/427 89427 89 (89/42 patients. . patients) sample 6.3% 63 (6.3% 4.2% (4.2% thyroidopathy 3.3% 33 (3.3% nodules 2.8% 28 (2.8% thyroiditis thyroidectomy 0.7% 07 0 7 (0.7% goiter hyperthyroidism Conclusions However ≥ malesfemales7635 males/females=76/35 35 (males/females=76/351 59.3 (59.3 12.4 (12.4 11.5 (11.5 6.8 (6.8 5.4 (5.4 2.1 (2.1 2.6 (2.6 20. 89/42 8942 (89/4 6.3 (6.3 4.2 (4.2 3.3 (3.3 2.8 (2.8 0.7 (0.7 malesfemales763 males/females=76/3 (males/females=76/35 59. (59. 12. (12. 11. (11. 6. (6. 5. (5. 2. (2. 89/4 894 (89/ 4. (4. 3. (3. 0. (0. malesfemales76 males/females=76/ (males/females=76/3 (59 (12 (11 (6 (5 (2 89/ (89 (4 (3 (0 malesfemales7 males/females=76 (males/females=76/ (1 ( (8 males/females=7 (males/females=76 males/females= (males/females=7 males/females (males/females= (males/females
RESUMO Introdução: Cefaleias primárias e, particularmente, enxaqueca e cefaleia do tipo tensional (CTT), bem como hipotiroidismo, constituem condições médicas comuns. Até o momento, vários estudos sugeriram uma possível relação bidirecional entre enxaqueca e hipotireoidismo, embora alguns estudos tenham resultados contraditórios. Objetivo: Investigar se existe associação entre subtipos de cefaleia primária e distúrbios da tireoide. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos com idade ≥18 anos encaminhados ao Ambulatório de Cefaleia do Hospital Aeginition, com diagnóstico de cefaleia primária e qualquer distúrbio da tireoide. Resultados: De 427 pacientes (homens/mulheres=76/351), 253 pacientes (59,3%) foram diagnosticados com enxaqueca sem aura, 53 (12,4%) com CTT, 49 (11,5%) com enxaqueca com aura, 29 (6,8 %) com cefaleia por uso excessivo de medicamentos, 23 (5,4%) com cefaleia mista (enxaqueca com/sem aura e CTT), nove (2,1%) com cefaleia em salvas e 11 (2,6%) com outros tipos de cefaleias primárias. A prevalência de qualquer tipo de distúrbio tireoidiano foi de 20,8% (89/427 pacientes). Na amostra total, 27 pacientes (6,3%) relataram hipotireoidismo, 18 (4,2%) tireoidopatia não especificada, 14 (3,3%) nódulos de tireoide, 12 (2,8%) tireoidite de Hashimoto, 12 (2,8%) tireoidectomia, três (0,7%) bócio da tireoide e três (0,7%) hipertireoidismo. Uma análise estatística posterior entre as variáveis categóricas não revelou qualquer associação significativa entre os subtipos de cefaleia e disfunção tireoidiana. Conclusões: Não encontramos associação entre subtipos de cefaleia primária e distúrbio específico da tireoide. No entanto, foi observada prevalência elevada de disfunção tireoidiana em geral e especificamente hipotireoidismo entre pacientes com cefaleia primária, o que estabelece base para maiores esclarecimentos em estudos longitudinais prospectivos. Introdução particularmente CTT , (CTT) hipotiroidismo comuns momento contraditórios Objetivo Métodos ≥1 Aeginition Resultados 42 homens/mulheres=76/351, homensmulheres76351 homensmulheres homens/mulheres=76/351 homens mulheres 76 351 (homens/mulheres=76/351) 25 59,3% 593 59 3 (59,3% 5 12,4% 124 4 (12,4% 11,5% 115 (11,5% 2 6,8 68 6 8 (6, % medicamentos 5,4% 54 (5,4% comsem CTT) 2,1% 21 1 (2,1% 2,6% 26 (2,6% 208 20 20,8 89/427 89427 89 (89/42 pacientes. . pacientes) total 6,3% 63 (6,3% 4,2% (4,2% especificada 3,3% 33 (3,3% 2,8% 28 (2,8% Hashimoto tireoidectomia 0,7% 07 0 7 (0,7% hipertireoidismo Conclusões entanto prospectivos (CTT ≥ homensmulheres7635 homens/mulheres=76/35 35 (homens/mulheres=76/351 59,3 (59,3 12,4 (12,4 11,5 (11,5 6, (6 5,4 (5,4 2,1 (2,1 2,6 (2,6 20, 89/42 8942 (89/4 6,3 (6,3 4,2 (4,2 3,3 (3,3 2,8 (2,8 0,7 (0,7 homensmulheres763 homens/mulheres=76/3 (homens/mulheres=76/35 59, (59, 12, (12, 11, (11, ( 5, (5, 2, (2, 89/4 894 (89/ 4, (4, 3, (3, 0, (0, homensmulheres76 homens/mulheres=76/ (homens/mulheres=76/3 (59 (12 (11 (5 (2 89/ (89 (4 (3 (0 homensmulheres7 homens/mulheres=76 (homens/mulheres=76/ (1 (8 homens/mulheres=7 (homens/mulheres=76 homens/mulheres= (homens/mulheres=7 homens/mulheres (homens/mulheres= (homens/mulheres