ABSTRACT Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are neglected diseases caused by helminths and protozoa, with the relationships between parasite, host and environment having the potential to produce high morbidity and incapacity to work and mortality in vulnerable areas. This study assessed the prevalence of IPIs concerning socio-environmental conditions and analyzed the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to these diseases among men living in the slums of Rio de Janeiro city, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an agglomeration of urban slums between 2018 and 2019, with men aged between 20 and 59 years. A socioeconomic status questionnaire and an IPIs knowledge, attitudes and practices questionnaire (KAPQ) were applied. Coproparasitological diagnoses (n=454) were performed using four methods and samples of water for household consumption (n=392) were subjected to microbiological and physicochemical analysis. A total of 624 participants were enrolled. About 40% of the households had “water unsuitable for consumption”. Only one Major Area, MA 3 was not statistically significant for IPIs (AOR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.30-1.88; p=0.55). The overall prevalence of IPIs was 23.8%. Endolimax nana (n=65, 14.3%) and hookworm (n=8, 1.7%) were the most frequently identified parasites. The analysis of the frequency of responses to the KAPQ has shown that men reported to seeking medical care if they were suspicious of IPIs, and around 35% would self-medicate. The results have shown the need to adopt integrated health education practices targeting male residents in urban slums to qualify the care with water for human consumption and promote self-care about IPIs. The household can be considered strategic for Primary Health Care activities for men.

Objetivo: este artigo tem como objetivo discutir um dos principais problemas com os quais um pediatra geral tem que lidar no campo da neurologia infantil, que são os distúrbios paroxísticos não-epilépticos. Estes episódios também são uma causa freqüente de consultas aos neuropediatras e de internação em unidades de monitorização por vídeo-eletrencefalograma. Fontes dos dados: revisão da literatura sobre o assunto na Medline. Vários compêndios de neurologia pediátrica também foram usados, por conterem informações importantes sobre o assunto. Síntese dos dados: muitas das entidades discutidas neste artigo são freqüentes na população pediátrica, como, por exemplo, a síncope, as crises de perda do choro, e os movimentos patológicos associados ao refluxo gastroesofágico. Outras entidades são mais raras, como as distonias paroxísticas e a distonia com flutuação diurna. Conclusões: o conhecimento básico das várias síndromes associadas com distúrbios paroxísticos não-epilépticos é extremamente importante para o pediatra geral, porque pode evitar exames desnecessários e o diagnóstico errôneo de epilepsia, expondo as crianças às medicações que não vão melhorar o quadro clínico, e que podem causar efeitos colaterais.

Objective: this publication aims at reviewing one of the most important problems faced by the pediatrician in the field of child neurology. The paroxistic non-epileptic events are also a frequent reason for pediatric neurology consultations and admission for diagnostic video-eletroencephalogram monitoring. Methods: literature review on the subject was perform on Medline, data was also collected from the main Pediatric Neurology Textbooks, which were found to be important and unique source of information on the subject. Results: many of entities discussed in this paper are very common in the pediatric population like syncope, breath-holding spells and the movement disorders associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Other syndromes are less frequent such as the pararoxymal dystonias and the Segawa Syndrome (dystonia with diurnal variation). Conclusions: the basic knowledge of these syndromes is very important since it may avoid unnecessary procedures and the wrongful diagnosis of epilepsy. Patients who are mistakenly diagnosed as epileptics are exposed to anti-convulsant medications, which are probably not going to be effective and may expose them to the risk of side effects.

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever dois lactentes que receberam o diagnóstico de síndrome de Walker-Warburg (WWS), uma forma rara de distrofia muscular congênita (CMD). Investigamos as manifestações clínicas, laboratoriais e neurorradiológicas dos dois pacientes. O caso-índice submeteu-se a uma imagem de ressonância magnética (MRI) cerebral e o segundo paciente a tomografia computadorizada (CT) do crânio. Ademais, realizou-se revisão da literatura para descrever as principais formas de CMD. O caso-índice satisfez todos os critérios de WWS. Uma MRI cerebral realizada aos 4 meses de idade confirmou o diagnóstico clínico ao mostrar hidrocefalia acentuada, lissencefalia do tipo II, agenesia do corpo caloso, aplasia do vermis cerebelar e um tronco encefálico hipoplásico. O diagnóstico de WWS foi estabelecido retrospectivamente na irmã mais velha do caso-índice, com base nos achados clínicos e no laudo da CT do crânio.

The purpose of this study is to describe two infants that were diagnosed with Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), a rare form of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD).They were studied in their clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic features. The index case had a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the second patient had a head computerized tomography (CT). In addition, a literature review was performed to describe the main forms of CMD. The index case fulfilled all criteria for WWS. A brain MRI performed at age 4 months served to corroborate the clinical diagnosis, showing severe hydrocephalus, type II lissencephaly, cerebellar vermian aplasia, and a hypoplastic brain stem. The authors were able to establish a retrospective diagnosis of WWS in the index case's older sister, based upon her clinical picture and head CT report.