Abstract Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) are considered important in therapeutic and regenerative responses to lung injury. Despite extensive studies on the human, porcine, sheep, mouse and rat, it was found that PMSCs, which can been performed on goose, have not been well explored. Elucidation of cell differentiation, proliferation, which have not yet been well described, may promote the development of injured lung therapy. In our study, we firstly disclosed biological characteristics of spindle-shaped PMSCs from pulmonary tissues of goose embryos. Growth kinetics and counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay were employed for proliferative activity evaluation. When appropriately induced, PMSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, type II alveolar epithelial cells (ATII), which demonstrated that PMSCs have cross-embryonic layer differentiation potential. Besides, undifferentiated PMSCs consistently expressed MSCs associated phenotypes, such as CD166, CD90, CD44, CD29, CD71 and CD105, as identified by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Karyotype analysis demonstrated that PMSCs possessed stable diploid karyotype. Collectively, we successfully established applicable methods for isolation, culture, identification and characterization of goose PMSCs which suggested a potential therapeutic use in regenerative therapy. (PMSCs injury human porcine sheep rat explored proliferation described therapy study spindleshaped spindle shaped embryos kit8 kit 8 kit- CCK8 CCK (CCK8 evaluation induced osteoblasts adipocytes chondrocytes ATII, ATII , (ATII) crossembryonic cross embryonic Besides phenotypes CD166 CD CD90 CD44 CD29 CD7 CD105 RTPCR. RTPCR RT PCR. PCR RT-PCR karyotype Collectively isolation culture (CCK (ATII CD16 CD9 CD4 CD2 CD10 CD1

Abstract As a result of the deepening of relations between Argentina and China, and the promotion of Spanish language learning in higher education in China, Chinese university students have become active participants, communicators and promoters of bilateral relations. This article pays attention to the stereotypical image that these university students have about Argentina. For this purpose, the results of a questionnaire applied to 412 Chinese university students are used. The analysis shows that this group has formed stereotypes in five dimensions and determines the impact among the respondents of those related to sympathy and interest in this South American nation and its people.

Resumen A raíz de la profundización de las relaciones entre Argentina y China, y el impulso del aprendizaje del idioma español en la educación superior del país oriental, los estudiantes universitarios chinos se han convertido en participantes activos, comunicadores y promotores de esas relaciones. Este artículo presta atención a la imagen estereotipada que estos universitarios se han hecho de Argentina. Para ello se utilizan los resultados de un cuestionario aplicado a 412 estudiantes universitarios chinos. El análisis evidencia que en dicho grupo se han formado estereotipos en cinco dimensiones y se determina el impacto entre los encuestados de las relativas a la simpatía y el interés por la nación sudamericana y su población.

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the factors affecting short-term prognosis of circulatory failure patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) treatment. Methods: A total of 136 patients undergoing VA-ECMO were enrolled in this study and subsequently divided into the death group (n=35) and the survival group (n=101) based on whether death occurred during hospitalisation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) running time, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, costs, and ECMO complications were then compared between the two groups. Results: The average age of all patients undergoing ECMO was 47.64±16.78 years (53.2±16.20 years in the death group and 45.713±16.62 years in the survival group) (P=0.022). Patients in the survival group exhibited a clear downward trend in lactic acid value following ECMO treatment compared to those in the death group. Total hospitalisation stay was longer in the survival group (35 days) than in the death group (15.5 days) (P<0.001). In the analysis of ECMO complications, the incidence of neurological complications, renal failure, limb complications, and infection were higher in the death group than in the survival group (P<0.05 for all). Specifically, as a risk factor for patient survival and discharge, the occurrence of infection will lead to increased hospitalisation stays and costs (P<0.05 for both). Conclusion: Complications such as kidney failure and infection are associated with in-hospital death, and ECMO-related complications should be actively prevented to improve the survival rate of VA-ECMO treatment. Objective shortterm short term VAECMO VA (VA-ECMO Methods 13 n=35 n35 n 35 (n=35 n=101 n101 101 (n=101 (ECMO time groups Results 47641678 47 64 16 78 47.64±16.7 53.2±16.20 5321620 53 2 20 (53.2±16.2 457131662 45 713 62 45.713±16.6 P=0.022. P0022 P P=0.022 . 0 022 (P=0.022) (3 days 15.5 155 15 5 (15. P<0.001. P0001 P<0.001 001 (P<0.001) P<0.05 P005 05 (P<0.0 all. all) Specifically discharge both. both both) Conclusion inhospital ECMOrelated related 1 n=3 n3 3 (n=3 n=10 n10 10 (n=10 4764167 4 6 7 47.64±16. 53.2±16.2 532162 (53.2±16. 45713166 71 45.713±16. P002 P=0.02 02 (P=0.022 ( 15. (15 P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 P<0.0 P00 (P<0. n= (n= n=1 n1 (n=1 476416 47.64±16 53.2±16. 53216 (53.2±16 4571316 45.713±16 P=0.0 (P=0.02 (1 (P<0.00 P<0. P0 (P<0 (n 47641 47.64±1 53.2±16 5321 (53.2±1 457131 45.713±1 P=0. (P=0.0 P<0 (P< 4764 47.64± 53.2±1 532 (53.2± 45713 45.713± P=0 (P=0. P< (P 476 47.64 53.2± (53.2 4571 45.713 P= (P=0 47.6 53.2 (53. 457 45.71 (P= 47. 53. (53 45.7 (5 45.

ABSTRACT A closed-form analytical solution to rheological phenomena is obtained based on Hoek-Brown (HB) yield criterion and the generalized Bingham model. Once the circular tunnel is excavated, an initial plastic region is formed. When the total stresses fulfil the yield condition, the initial plastic region steps into the viscoplastic region, in which the displacement develops with time. The one-dimensional constitutive equation of the generalized Bingham model is transformed into a three-dimensional expression in polar coordinates by combining the plane strain condition. With the help of equilibrium differential equation, geometric equation and boundary condition, the stress and displacement in the initial plastic region can be expressed. At the moment of t, the stresses and displacements are described similar to the solutions of the elasto-plastic state. The stresses, strains and displacements after transformation can be expressed in the viscoplastic region. The proposed solution was verified by the closed-form solution of circular tunnels in elastic-brittle-plastic rock mass.

RESUMO Introdução: A acupuntura tem sido amplamente utilizada para alívio de dor. No entanto, seus mecanismos são muito pouco conhecidos. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura e a regulação da expressão de adenosina e de substância P. Métodos: Utilizou-se um modelo de dor inflamatória crônica em ratos por injeção única do Adjuvante Completo de Freund e, em seguida, os animais foram tratados com eletroacupuntura diariamente. Foram aplicadas sete sessões bilaterais de eletroacupuntura (ST36 e BL60, 0,5 a 1,5 mA, força inicial de 0,5 mA, aumentada em 0,5 mA a cada 10 minutos, 30 minutos por sessão, uma sessão por dia) em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund, por sete dias. O efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura foi avaliado pela medida do limiar de retirada da pata em ratos que receberam estimulações mecânica e térmica. Resultados: A estimulação diária com eletroacupuntura aumentou efetivamente o limiar de retirada da pata em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund. A eletroacupuntura aumentou o nível de adenosina na região zusanli. Estudos posteriores mostraram que a eletroacupuntura poderia diminuir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alpha, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68 nos gânglios da raiz dorsal. Curiosamente, a injeção direta de antagonistas do receptor de adenosina A1 ou de substância P, ou a transecção da raiz do nervo dorsal, podem prejudicar significativamente as ações analgésicas induzidas pela eletroacupuntura em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund e reduzir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68. Por fim, confirmamos que a injeção direta de um agonista do receptor da adenosina A1 reproduziu os efeitos analgésicos da eletroacupuntura. Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam a regulação da secreção da substância P mediada pela adenosina. A via mediada pela substância P pode estar envolvida no processo de analgesia por eletroacupuntura em ratos.

ABSTRACT Background: Acupuncture has been widely used for alleviating pain. However, its mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. Objective: In the present study, we focused on whether the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is related to its regulation on adenosine and substance P expression. Methods: We established chronic inflammatory pain model in rats through a single injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant, and then we treated animals using daily electroacupuncture. We applied seven bilateral sessions of electroacupuncture (ST36 and BL60, 0.5 to 1.5 mA, initial strength of 0.5 mA, increased by 0.5 mA every 10 minutes, for 30 minutes per session, one section per day) to Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats for seven days. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture was evaluated by measuring paw withdrawal threshold in rats that received mechanical and thermal stimulation. Results: Daily electroacupuncture stimulation effectively increased paw withdrawal threshold in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats. Electroacupuncture increased the adenosine level in zusanli. A further study showed that electroacupuncture could decrease substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68 levels in dorsal root ganglion. Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68. Finally, we confirmed that direct injection of adenosine A1 receptor agonist replicated the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture. Conclusion: Our results indicate regulation of adenosine-mediated substance P secretion. Substance P-mediated pathway may be involved in the analgesia process by electroacupuncture in rats.

With the widespread use of high-efficiency antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients has been significantly extended. However, the metabolic complications among HIV-infected patients treated with HAART have become the most common problem in the world. It is very important to explore the incidence of dyslipidaemia and studies on the role of potential risk factors in HIV-infected Chinese patients treated with HAART are sparse. Therefore, we designed current study, to investigate the effects of therapeutic intervention and continuous information support on the lifestyle of HIV/AIDS patients with dyslipidaemia. Three hundred and six HIV/AIDS patients admitted to the AIDS clinic in Beijing from January 2016 to January 2017 were recruited and assigned into two groups: the treatment group (n=64) and the control group (n=64). The median age of the participants was 38.8±11.0 years (range 20-75 years). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in control and treatment group was (59/64) 92.2% and (53/64) 82.8%, respectively. In this study, low HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) led to abnormalities 47/64 (73.3%) in the control group and 35/64 (54.7%) in HAART-treatment group. Additionally, HAART group showed higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (246.1±171.8, 1.73±1.61 mmol/L, 4.46±1.1 mmol/L, 2.54±0.74 mmol/L). In multivariate analysis, gender, marital status, high BMI, dietary habits and physical activity were potential risk factors for dyslipidemia in HIV-infected Chinese patients. In this study, we reported high prevalence dyslipidemiain two HIV infected groups. We suggest that the appropriate diagnosis should be performed for analyzing the metabolic complications in HIV-infected Chinese patients. Further studies are very important to understand the role of potential risk factors in metabolic complications.

ABSTRACT In this study, an Al-Y coating was applied to enhance the property of oxidation resistance on the surface of γ-TiAl alloys by rf magnetron sputtering. The isothermal oxidation tests were investigated at 900 °C for 100 h. The coating characteristics and microstructure of coating after isothermal oxidation were inspected by XRD and SEM methods respectively, and coating bonding strength was investigated by scratch tester. Results show that Al2O3 and Y2O3 were produced on the surface of γ-TiAl alloys to enhance oxidation resistance during the isothermal oxidation test. Diffusion layer with rich element of Al provides abundant Al to surface for formation of a continuous Al2O3 layer which increases oxidation resistance effectively. Oxides of YAlO3 and YAG were formed during the oxidation tests, which were beneficial for the strength, hardness and fracture toughness of crystal grain of Al2O3. Furthermore, Element of Ti diffused into surface from substrate was restrained by Al because of the formation of TiAl3 and TiAl, which avoid the layer-broken by titanium oxides with porous structure

The very large economic and social burdens of fracture-related complications make rapid fracture healing a major public health goal. The role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in treating osteoporosis is generally accepted, but the effect of PTH on fracture healing is controversial. This meta-analysis was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of PTH in fracture healing. The EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to April 26, 2018. The primary randomized clinical trials comparing PTH treatment for fracture healing with placebo or no treatment were identified. We did not gain additional information by contacting the authors of the primary studies. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and evaluated study quality. This meta-analysis was executed to determine the odds ratio, mean difference, standardized mean difference, and 95% confidence intervals with random-effects models. In total, 8 randomized trials including 524 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were significant differences in fracture healing time, pain relief and function improvement. There were no significant differences in the fracture healing rate or adverse events, including light-headedness, hypercalcemia, nausea, sweating and headache, except for slight bruising at the injection site. We determined that the effectiveness and safety of PTH in fracture healing is reasonably well established and credible.

In this paper we investigated the microstructure and phase transition of atomized Fe-(1.3, 7.9, 11.7 wt.%) Mn alloy powders. The results show that the main phases of Fe-1.3Mn, Fe-7.9Mn and Fe-11.7Mn powders are ferrite, α’-martensite+austenite, α’-martensite+ε-martensite+austenite, respectively. The δ-ferrite in the Fe-1.3Mn powder is the high-temperature δ-ferrite directly formed from liquid, companying by a small number of nanometer sized austenite particles precipitated from the ferrite matrix. In the Fe-11.7Mn powder, the γ-austenite, ε-martensite and α’-martensite are found in the same region and have the K-S orientation relationship, suggesting phase transitions of γ-austenite → ε-martensite → α’-martensite and γ → α’-martensite.

ResumoIntrodução:O stent coronário intravascular tem sido utilizado no tratamento de doença arterial coronária, com uma maior limitação de restenose intra-stent (RIS). O aço inoxidável 316 tem sido amplamente utilizado para stents. Neste estudo, foi desenvolvido um novo método de revestimento para reduzir a RIS para revestir simultaneamente o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e anti-CD34 em aço inoxidável 316L.Métodos:Placas de aço inoxidável 316L redondas no grupo DH foram polimerizadas com compostos gerados a partir da reacção de condensação de dopamina e heparina utilizando N- (3-dimetilaminopropil) -N'-etilcarbodiimida (EDC) e N-hidroxissuccinimida (NHS). Dezesseis folhas a partir do grupo DH foram ainda imersas em 1 ug/ml de VEGF 165 e 3 mg/ml de heparina sódica, um após outro por 10 vezes, sendo denominado como o grupo D-(HV)10. Oito folhas de D-(HV)10 foram revestidas com anticorpo anti-CD34 e denominado como grupo D-(HV)10-A. Testes de imunofluorescência e ELISA foram usados para avaliar se os discos de aço inoxidável 316L foram revestidos com sucesso com VEGF e anticorpo anti-CD34.Resultados:Os resultados dos testes de imunofluorescência e ELISA mostraram que o VEGF pôde ser detectado nos grupos D-(HV)10 e D-(HV)10-A, evidenciando que as chapas de aço foram cobertas com VEGF com sucesso. O anticorpo anti-CD34 podia apenas ser observado no grupo D-(HV)10-A, o único grupo revestido com anticorpo CD34. Ambos os resultados sugerem que as chapas de aço inoxidável 316L foram revestidas com sucesso com VEGF e anticorpo anti-CD34.Conclusão:Nosso estudo desenvolveu um método para revestir simultaneamente VEGF e anti-CD34 de aço inoxidável. Esta pesquisa tem um papel fundamental para a nova estratégia de revestimento.

AbstractIntroduction:Intravascular coronary stenting has been used in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), with a major limitation of in-stent restenosis (ISR). The 316 stainless steel has been widely used for coronary stents. In this study, we developed a novel coating method to reduce ISR by simultaneously coating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-CD34 antibody on 316L stainless steel.Methods:Round 316L stainless steel sheets in the D-H group were polymerized with compounds generated from condensation reaction of dopamine and heparin using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Sixteen sheets from the D-H group were further immersed into 1ug/ml VEGF165 and 3mg/ml heparin sodium one after another for 10 times, and named as the D-(H-V)10 group. Eight sheets from the D-(H-V)10 group were coated with anti-CD34 antibody and termed as the D-(H-V)10-A group. Immunofluorescence assay and ELISA were used to evaluate whether the 316L stainless steel disks were successfully coated with VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody.Results:The results of immunofluorescence assay and ELISA showed that VEGF could be detected in the D-(H-V)10 and D-(H-V)10-A group, suggesting the steel sheets were successfully covered with VEGF. Anti-CD34 antibody could only be observed in the D-(H-V)10-A group, which was the only group coated with CD34 antibody. Both results suggested that the 316L stainless steel sheets were successfully coated with VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody.Conclusion:Our study developed a method to simultaneously coat VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody to stainless metal steel. This research serves as a fundamental role for a novel coating strategy.

Deer and sheep spines are often used as models of the human spine. A prerequisite for the use of animal models is information regarding the interspecies differences in the parameters of general interest. This would clarify the limitations of each animal model and substantiate the applicability of the obtained results to humans. Since sufficient data appear to be currently unavailable, we sought to investigate the feasibility of using deer and sheep as animal models for studies on the human spine. The objective of this study was a thorough comparison of the anatomical parameters of deer and sheep spines with those of the human spine. We employed three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography images, generated using figure analysis software, which facilitated quantitative analysis of the linear and curvature parameters and the geometric index of the vertebral bodies. Our findings represent a comprehensive database of the anatomical characteristics of the deer and sheep lumbar spines and their comparisons with those of the human lumbar spine. This study provides insight into the similarities and differences in the vertebral geometries between the human spine and the deer and sheep spines. We found that the differences are minimal and that they do not greatly compromise the utility of deer and sheep lumbar spines as models of the human lumbar spine.

La columna vertebral de ciervos y ovejas se utiliza frecuentemente como modelo de la columna vertebral humana. Un requisito previo para el uso de modelos animales es la información con respecto a las diferencias entre especies en los parámetros de interés general, lo que aclara las limitaciones de cada modelo animal y fundamenta la aplicabilidad de los resultados obtenidos para los seres humanos. Debido a que existen datos suficientes actualmente, hemos intentado investigar la viabilidad de utilizar ciervos y ovejas como modelos animales para los estudios sobre la columna vertebral humana. El objetivo fue realizar una comparación exhaustiva de los parámetros anatómicos de las columnas de ciervos y ovejas, con los de la columna vertebral humana. Empleamos reconstrucciones tridimensionales de imágenes de tomografía computadorizada, mediante un programa de análisis de la figura, lo que facilitó el análisis cuantitativo de los parámetros lineales y de la curvatura y el índice geométrico de las vértebras. Nuestros hallazgos representan una amplia base de datos de las características anatómicas de la columna lumbar de los ciervos y ovejas y sus comparaciones con las de la columna lumbar humana. Este estudio proporciona información sobre las similitudes y diferencias en las geometrías vertebrales entre la columna vertebral humana y las columnas de venado y oveja. Se encontró que las diferencias son mínimas y que no comprometen el uso de la columna de ciervos y ovejas como modelos de la columna lumbar humana.

WRKY transcription factors have been extensively characterized in the past 20 years, but in wheat, studies onWRKY genes and their function are lagging behind many other species. To explore the function of wheat WRKY genes, we identified a TaWRKY68 gene from a common wheat cultivar. It encodes a protein comprising 313 amino acids which harbors 19 conserved motifs or active sites. Gene expression patterns were determined by analyzing microarray data of TaWRKY68 in wheat and of orthologous genes from maize, rice and barley using Genevestigator. TaWRKY68 orthologs were identified and clustered using DELTA-BLAST and COBALT programs available at NCBI. The results showed that these genes, which are expressed in all tissues tested, had relatively higher levels in the roots and were up-regulated in response to biotic stresses. Bioinformatics results were confirmed by RT-PCR experiments using wheat plants infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Blumeria graminis, or treated with Deoxynivalenol, a Fusarium graminearum-induced mycotoxin in wheat or barley. In summary,TaWRKY68 functions differ during plant developmental stages and might be representing a hub gene function in wheat responses to various biotic stresses. It was also found that including data from major cereal genes in the bioinformatics analysis gave more accurate and comprehensive predictions of wheat gene functions.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a three-stage intervention to reduce caesarean deliveries in a Chinese tertiary hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to assess whether educating staff, educating patients and auditing surgeon practices (introduced in 2005) had reduced caesarean delivery rates. Multiple logistic regression was used to check for a potential association between caesarean rates and rates of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). FINDINGS: The caesarean delivery rate ranged from 53.5% to 56.1% in 2001-2004 and from 43.9% to 36.1% in 2005-2011. When 2001-2004 and 2005-2011 were treated as "before" and "after" periods to evaluate the intervention's impact on the mean caesarean section rate, a significant reduction was noted: from 54.8% to 40.3% (odds ratio, OR: 0.56; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.52-0.59; χ2 test: P < 0.001). The overall drop in the caesarean section rate was significant (χ2 test: P < 0.001) and inversely correlated with the years (Spearman's ρ: -0.096; P < 0.001). Although complicated pregnancies increased after 2004, the primary caesarean section rate decreased annually by 20% on average in 2005-2011, after practice audits were implemented. Multiple logistic regression showed a positive association between the caesarean delivery rate and the rate of admission to the NICU (adjusted OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14-1.40). CONCLUSION: Patient and staff education and practice audits reduced the Caesarean section rate in a tertiary referral hospital without an increase in admissions to the NICU.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención en tres etapas para reducir los partos por cesárea en un hospital de atención terciaria en China. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo para evaluar si el programa educativo para el personal y los pacientes y la auditoría de las prácticas de los cirujanos (que se pusieron en marcha en el año 2005) habían disminuido la tasa de partos por cesárea. Se empleó una regresión logística múltiple para comprobar la posible relación entre la tasa de cesáreas y la tasa de admisión en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). RESULTADOS: La tasa de partos por cesárea osciló entre el 53,5% y el 56,1% entre 2001 y 2004 y entre el 43,9% y el 36,1% entre 2005 y 2011. Se constata una reducción significativa en la misma si se consideran los años 2001-2004 y 2005-2011 como periodos «antes» y «después» para evaluar el impacto de la intervención sobre la tasa media de partos por cesárea: del 54,8% al 40,3% (razón de posibilidades, OR: 0,56; intervalo de confianza, IC, del 95%: 0,54 - 0,59; χ2test P<0,001). La disminución general en la proporción de cesáreas fue significativa (χ2 test: P<0,001) y estuvo relacionada de forma inversa con los años (correlación de Spearman ρ: -0,096; P<0,001). A pesar del aumento de embarazos complicados después de 2004, la tasa de cesáreas primarias disminuyó anualmente hasta un 20% de media entre los años 2005-2011 después de haber puesto en marcha las auditorías de las prácticas. La regresión logística múltiple mostró una relación positiva entre la tasa de partos por cesárea y la tasa de admisión en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales UCIN (OR ajustada: 1,26; IC del 95%: 1,14-1,40). CONCLUSIÓN: El programa educativo para el personal y los pacientes, así como las auditorías de las prácticas redujeron la tasa de cesáreas en un hospital de atención terciaria sin aumentar el número de admisiones en la UCIN.

OBJECTIF: Evaluer l'efficacité d'une intervention en trois étapes pour réduire les accouchements par césarienne dans un hôpital de troisième ligne chinois. MÉTHODES: Une étude rétrospective a été menée afin de déterminer si l'éducation du personnel, l'éducation des patients et l'audit des pratiques des chirurgiens (introduit en 2005) avaient réduit les taux d'accouchement par césarienne. Une régression logistique multiple a été utilisée pour vérifier une éventuelle corrélation entre les taux de césarienne et les taux d'admission à l'unité de soins intensifs néonataux. RÉSULTATS: Le taux de césarienne variait de 53,5% à 56,1% en 2001-2004 et de 43,9% à 36,1% en 2005-2011. Lorsque 2001-2004 et 2005-2011 ont été traités en tant que périodes "avant" et "après" pour évaluer l'impact des interventions sur le taux moyen de césarienne, une réduction significative a été mise en évidence: de 54,8% à 40,3% (rapport des chances, OR: 0,56; intervalle de confiance à 95%, IC: 0,52 à 0,59; test de χ2: P <0,001). La baisse globale du taux de césarienne était significative (test de χ2: P <0,001) et inversement corrélée avec les années (ρ de Spearman: -0,096; P <0,001). Bien que les grossesses compliquées aient augmenté après 2004, le taux de césarienne primaire a diminué chaque année de 20% en moyenne en 2005-2011, après que l'audit de bonnes pratiques ait été mis en œuvre. Une régression logistique multiple a montré une corrélation positive entre le taux de naissance par césarienne et le taux d'admission à l'unité de soins intensifs néonataux (OR ajusté: 1,26, IC 95%: 1,14 à 1,40). CONCLUSION: L'éducation des patients et du personnel ainsi que l'audit de bonnes pratiques ont réduit le taux de césarienne dans un hôpital de troisième ligne, sans augmentation des admissions en soins intensifs néonataux.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in the age-adjusted prevalence of disability in transitional China from 1987 to 2006. METHODS: Data from nationally representative surveys conducted in 1987 and 2006 were used to calculate age-adjusted disability prevalence rates by applying appropriate sample weights and directly adjusting to the age distribution of the 1990 Chinese population. Trends were assessed in terms of average annual percentage change. FINDINGS: The estimated number of disabled people in China in 1987 and 2006 was 52.7 and 84.6 million, respectively, corresponding to a weighted prevalence of 4.9% and 6.5%. The age-adjusted prevalence of disability decreased by an average of 0.5% per year (average annual percentage change, AAPC: -0.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI: -0.7 to -0.4) during 1987-2006. However, it increased by an average of 0.3% (AAPC: 0.3%; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.5) per year in males and by an average of 1.0% (AAPC: 1.0%; 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.2) per year among rural residents, whereas among females it showed an average annual decrease of 1.5% (AAPC: -1.5%; 95% CI: -1.7 to -1.3) and among urban residents, an average annual decrease of 3.9% (AAPC: -3.9%; 95% CI: -4.3 to -3.5). Despite significant declining trends for hearing and speech, intellectual and visual disabilities, the annual age-adjusted prevalence of physical and mental disabilities increased by an average of 11.2% (AAPC: 11.2%; 95% CI: 10.5 to 11.9) and 13.3% (AAPC: 13.3%; 95% CI: 10.7 to 16.2), respectively. CONCLUSION: In China, the age-adjusted prevalence of disability has declined since 1987, with inconsistencies dependent on the type of disability. These findings call for continuing and specific efforts to prevent disabilities in China.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los cambios en la prevalencia de discapacidad ajustada por edad en la China de la transición desde 1987 hasta 2006. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos de sondeos representativos a nivel nacional realizados en 1987 y 2006 para calcular las tasas de prevalencia de discapacidad ajustada por edad mediante la aplicación de los tamaños de muestra adecuados y mediante el ajuste directo de la distribución por edades de la población china en 1990. Las tendencias se evaluaron en función del porcentaje promedio anual de cambio. HALLAZGOS: El número estimado de personas discapacitadas en China en 1987 y 2006 era de 52,7 y 84,6 millones, respectivamente, lo que a su vez se corresponde con una prevalencia ponderada del 4,9% y del 6,5%. En promedio, la prevalencia de discapacidad ajustada por edad se redujo en un 0,5% al año (porcentaje promedio anual de cambio, PPAC: -0,5%; intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC: de -0,7 a -0,4) de 1987 a 2006. No obstante, en promedio ha presentado un incremento del 0,3% (PPAC: 0,3%; IC del 95%: de 0,1 a 0,5) al año en varones y el promedio ha sido del 1,0% (PPAC: 1,0%; IC del 95%: de 0,8 a 1,2) al año en residentes en áreas rurales, mientras que en mujeres se observó una reducción anual media del 1,5% (PPAC: -1.5%; CI del 95%: de -1,7 a -1,3) y en residentes en áreas urbanas la reducción anual media observada fue del 3,9% (PPAC: -3,9%; CI del 95%: de -4,3 a -3,5). A pesar de que las tendencias muestran un descenso significativo de las discapacidades auditivas, del habla, intelectuales y visuales, la prevalencia de discapacidad anual ajustada por edad de las discapacidades físicas y mentales aumentó, en promedio, el 11,2% (PPAC: 11,2%; IC del 95%: de 10,5 a 11,9) y 13,3% (PPAC: 13,3%; IC del 95%: de 10,7 a 16,2), respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: En China, la prevalencia de discapacidad ajustada por edad ha disminuido desde 1987, si bien se encuentran ciertas contradicciones entre los tipos de discapacidad. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de contar con iniciativas continuas y concretas para prevenir las discapacidades en China.

OBJECTIF: Evaluer les changements dans la prévalence de l'invalidité en fonction de l'âge dans la Chine en transition de 1987 à 2006. MÉTHODE: Des données provenant d'études représentatives sur le plan national menées en 1987 et en 2006 ont été utilisées pour calculer le taux de prévalence de l'invalidité en fonction de l'âge, en appliquant des échantillons appropriés et en ajustant directement la répartition de l'âge de la population chinoise en 1990. Les tendances ont été évaluées en termes de modification du pourcentage annuel moyen. RÉSULTATS: On a estimé à respectivement 52,7 millions et 84,6 millions le nombre de personnes invalides en Chine en 1987 et en 2006, ce qui correspond à une prévalence pondérée de 4,9% et de 6,5%. La prévalence de l'invalidité en fonction de l'âge a diminué d'en moyenne 0,5% par an (modification du pourcentage annuel moyen, MPAM: 0,5%; intervalle de confiance à 95%, IC: -0,7 à -0,4) entre 1987 et 2006. Il a toutefois augmenté d'en moyenne 0,3% (MPAM: 0,3%; IC 95%: 0,1 à 0,5) par an chez les hommes et d'en moyenne 1%; IC 95%: 0,8 à 1,2) par an parmi les résidents ruraux, alors qu'il présentait, parmi les femmes une diminution annuelle moyenne de 1,5% (MPAM: 1,5%; IC 95%: -1,7 à -1,3) et parmi les résidents urbains, une diminution annuelle moyenne de 3,9% (MPAM: -4,3 à -3,5). En dépit de tendances déclinantes significatives pour l'audition et la parole et pour les incapacités intellectuelles et visuelles, la prévalence annuelle en fonction de l'âge des invalidités physiques et mentales a augmenté d'en moyenne 11,2% (MPAM: 11,2%; IC 95%: 10,5 à 11,9) et 13,3% (MPAM: 13,3%; IC 95%: 10,7 à 16,2), respectivement. CONCLUSION: En Chine, la prévalence de l'invalidité en fonction de l'âge a décliné depuis 1987, avec des incohérences en fonction du type d'invalidité. Ces conclusions invitent à poursuivre des efforts ciblés en vue de prévenir les invalidités en Chine.