RESUMO Um dos grandes desafios a serem superados é manter e aumentar a produtividade de hortaliças, como o jambu (Acmella oleracea), utilizando processos naturais e organismos vivos que estimulem a produção vegetal, com menos resíduos tóxicos no meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento de plantas de A.oleracea, por meio de respostas biométricas e fisiológicas, após a aplicação dos fungos entomopatogênicos Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae e do promotor de crescimento Trichoderma asperellum, sob sistemas de plantio protegido e não protegido, nas estações chuvosa e seca da Amazônia. Dois ensaios foram conduzidos simultaneamente, em blocos casualizados, em uma área comercial de agricultura periurbana no município de Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil, em canteiros suspensos protegidos e não protegidos. Os isolados fúngicos de M. anisopliae, B. bassiana e T. asperellum promoveram o crescimento em plantações de jambu, em sistemas de plantio protegido e desprotegido, em ambos os ciclos de cultivo. No entanto, M. anisopliae se igualou aos resultados obtidos com o promotor de crescimento T. asperellum e se destacou por favorecer maior desempenho em todas as variáveis de crescimento avaliadas, principalmente no sistema de cultivo protegido e no período chuvoso amazônico. Além disso, as plantas de A. oleracea apresentaram melhor crescimento em todos os tratamentos, em sistema de plantio protegido, nos dois períodos avaliados. Portanto, plantas de A. oleracea tratadas com fungos como M. ansiopliae, B. bassiana e T. asperellum apresentaram maior crescimento, biomassa e trocas gasosas. hortaliças Acmella oleracea, , oleracea) vegetal ambiente Aoleracea A A.oleracea fisiológicas Amazônia simultaneamente casualizados Ananindeua Pará Brasil M B T desprotegido entanto avaliadas amazônico disso tratamentos avaliados Portanto ansiopliae gasosas

ABSTRACT A great challenge to overcome is how to maintain and increase the productivity of vegetables, such as jambu (Acmella oleracea), by using natural processes and living organisms that stimulate plant production and release fewer toxic residues into the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of A. oleracea, based on biometric, and physiological responses, following the application of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and the growth promoter Trichoderma asperellum, under protected and unprotected planting systems, in the rainy and dry seasons of the Amazon. Two trials were conducted simultaneously, in randomized blocks, in a commercial area of peri-urban agriculture in the municipality of Ananindeua, Pará state, Brazil, in protected and unprotected hanging beds. Metarhizium anisopliae, B. bassiana, and T. asperellum isolates promoted growth in jambu in protected and unprotected plantation systems, in both crop cycles. Of note, M. anisopliae matched the results obtained with the growth promoter T. asperellum and stood out for favoring greater performance in all of the evaluated growth variables, especially in the protected cultivation system and in rainy season. In addition, A. oleracea grew better in all treatments in a protected planting system and in both evaluated periods. Therefore, A. oleracea treated with M. anisopliae, B. bassiana, or T. asperellum presented better growth, produced more biomass, and exhibited superior gas exchange. vegetables Acmella , oleracea) environment biometric responses systems Amazon simultaneously blocks periurban peri urban Ananindeua state Brazil beds B T cycles note M variables season addition periods Therefore biomass exchange

Abstract The demand for less hazardous and environmentally friendly surface disinfectants is growing and essential oils may be efficient alternatives. Vapor phase assay is a promising technique which explore the volatility of essential oils for determining the antimicrobial activity. In this study, we modified the conditions of the inverted Petri dish technique to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). As a proof of concept, the antimicrobial activity of Hesperozygis myrtoides essential oil (HM) was studied for the first time in the vapor phase. According to the established protocol the oil volatilization dynamics was used to determine the major compounds in the vapor phase. After 270 min, the relative percentage was like that observed in the crude oil analysis. The HM was also evaluated for safety (IC50=921.2 µg ml-1), being considered safe in case of acute oral exposure. The oil vapors completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.39 mg l-1), Candida albicans (MIC=0.83 mg l-1), Aspergillus brasiliensis (MIC=378 mg l-1) and Bacillus subtilis (MIC=704.8 mg l-1). This protocol offers an economical and efficient alternative for antimicrobial activity and safety determination of essential oils, can be used for the evaluation of several applications of essential oils, as disinfectant agent in inhabited environments. alternatives study MIC. MIC . (MIC) concept (HM 27 min analysis IC50=921.2 IC509212 IC IC50 921 2 (IC50=921. ml1, ml1 ml 1 , ml-1) exposure MIC=0.39 MIC039 0 39 (MIC=0.3 l1, l1 l MIC=0.83 MIC083 83 (MIC=0.8 MIC=378 MIC378 378 (MIC=37 l-1 MIC=704.8 MIC7048 704 8 (MIC=704. l1. environments (MIC IC50=921. IC50921 IC5 92 (IC50=921 ml-1 MIC=0.3 MIC03 3 (MIC=0. MIC=0.8 MIC08 MIC=37 MIC37 37 (MIC=3 l- MIC=704. MIC704 70 (MIC=704 IC50=921 IC5092 9 (IC50=92 ml- MIC=0. MIC0 (MIC=0 MIC=3 MIC3 (MIC= MIC=704 MIC70 7 (MIC=70 IC50=92 IC509 (IC50=9 MIC=0 MIC= MIC=70 MIC7 (MIC=7 IC50=9 (IC50= MIC=7 IC50= (IC50 (IC5 (IC

ABSTRACT Trabecular bone score (TBS) is an indirect and noninvasive measure of bone quality. A low TBS indicates degraded bone microarchitecture, predicts osteoporotic fracture, and is partially independent of clinical risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD). There is substantial evidence supporting the use of TBS to assess vertebral, hip, and major osteoporotic fracture risk in postmenopausal women, as well as to assess hip and major osteoporotic fracture risk in men aged > 50 years. TBS complements BMD information and can be used to adjust the FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment) score to improve risk stratification. While TBS should not be used to monitor antiresorptive therapy, it may be potentially useful for monitoring anabolic therapy. There is also a growing body of evidence indicating that TBS is particularly useful as an adjunct to BMD for fracture risk assessment in conditions associated with increased fracture risk, such as type-2 diabetes, chronic corticosteroid excess, and other conditions wherein BMD readings are often misleading. The interference of abdominal soft tissue thickness (STT) on TBS should also be considered when interpreting these findings because image noise can impact TBS evaluation. A new TBS software version based on an algorithm that accounts for STT rather than BMI seems to correct this technical limitation and is under development. In this paper, we review the current state of TBS, its technical aspects, and its evolving role in the assessment and management of several clinical conditions.

RESUMO: Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos, patológicos e reprodutivos de um surto de deficiência de cobre em cabras leiteiras e em cabritos da região semiárida de Pernambuco, Brasil. Dez cabras leiteiras adultas com sinais clínicos de deficiência de cobre e quatro cabritos com ataxia enzoótica nascidos dessas cabras foram separados do rebanho e examinados. Nas cabras leiteiras, a concentração média de cobre sérico foi de 6,1±2,8mmol/L e a concentração média de ferro sérico foi de 39,5±8,2mmol/L. Nos cabritos, a concentração média de cobre sérico foi de 3,8±0,9mmol/L e a concentração média de ferro sérico foi de 38,5±4,1mmol/L. Os sinais clínicos nas cabras consistiram em mucosas pálidas, anemia, diarreia, acromotriquia, pelos opacos e quebradiços e alopecia. As principais alterações reprodutivas consistiram em anestro prolongado, reabsorção embrionária e aumento da taxa de retenção de placenta. Os cabritos nascidos vivos dessas cabras nasceram fracos, com ataxia neonatal ou desenvolveram ataxia tardia em até 70 dias de vida. Seis cabras leiteiras e quatro cabritos foram necropsiados. Nas cabras, a maioria dos ovários examinados macroscopicamente eram pequenos, firmes e não apresentavam folículos viáveis em sua superfície. Microscopicamente, houve redução de folículos viáveis, além de desorganização das estruturas foliculares, com marcada atresia folicular. Macroscopicamente não foram observadas alterações nos cabritos com ataxia enzoótica. As lesões histológicas observadas nesses cabritos consistiram em cromatólise neuronal e degeneração axonal, principalmente em neurônios da medula espinhal. Neste estudo a fonte dos altos teores de ferro no soro não foi identificada, mas sabe-se que surtos de deficiência de cobre podem ocorrer devido ao excesso de ingestão de ferro, principalmente quando não é fornecida suplementação mineral adequada para os rebanhos caprinos.

ABSTRACT: The clinical, pathological and reproductive aspects of an outbreak of copper deficiency in dairy goats and kids from the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil are described. Ten adult dairy goats with clinical signs of deficiency and four kids presenting enzootic ataxia born from copper deficient does were separated from the herd, and examined. In the dairy goats, the average serum concentration of copper was 6.1±2.8mmol/L and iron was 39.5±8.2mmol/L. In kids, the average serum concentration of copper was 3.8±0.9mmol/L and iron was 38.5±4.1mmol/L. Clinical signs in dairy goats consisted of pale mucous membranes, anemia, emaciation, diarrhea, achromotrichia, brittle hair and alopecia. The main reproductive alterations consisted of prolonged anestrus, embryonic resorption and high indices of retained placenta. The kids born from copper deficient dairy goats were weak, and presented neonatal or late ataxia until 70 days of life. Six dairy goats and four kids were necropsied. Most ovaries examined were small, firm and did not present viable follicles on their surface. Microscopically, there was reduction of viable follicles in addition to disorganization of follicular and stromal structures, with marked follicular atresia. Microscopically, changes in kids with enzootic ataxia consisted of neuronal chromatolysis and axonal degeneration, mainly in neurons of the spinal cord. In this study, the source of high iron was not identified, but it is known that outbreaks of copper deficiency can occur due to excess iron intake, mainly when adequate mineral supplementation is not provided for the goat herds.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the relationships among tropical (Atlantic Meridional Mode - AMM), subtropical (South Atlantic Subtropical Gradient - SASG), and extratropical (Southern Annular Mode - SAM) teleconnection patterns, the Weddell Sea (WS) sea ice extents, and the climate in South America. Warm anomalies are observed in most of South America for maximum WS ice extent combinations (negative SAM/positive AMM and negative SAM/positive SASG composites), with an opposite signal at tropical South America for minimum WS ice extent combinations (positive SAM/negative AMM and positive SAM/negative SASG). Over Southern Argentina, colder (warmer) temperatures are seen at the negative SAM/positive SASG (positive SAM/negative SASG). Drier (wetter) conditions are found over most South America at maximum (minimum) WS ice extent combinations. Wavetrains from different Pacific and Indian Oceans regions are related to high-level anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation over the continent at maximum (minimum) WS ice extent configuration, which explains the climate impacts found. The SASG signal displaces the anomaly circulations eastward from South America, impacting the adjacent Atlantic Ocean region more intensely concerning the other modes. The results discussed here indicated that these patterns (SAM, AMM, SASG, and sea ice extent) have significant links with the South American climate variability.

RESUMO: Descrevem-se casos de periodontite em ovinos provenientes das regiões do Agreste e Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Informações sobre raça, idade e sexo dos animais afetados bem como os aspectos clínicos e patológicos dos surtos foram obtidos a partir de visitas às propriedades e são reportados. 15 animais de um total de 450 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, com idade entre três a doze anos de idade manifestaram baixa condição corporal, pelagem sem brilho e dificuldade de alimentar-se, acompanhado de dor à palpação na região mandibular. O exame físico da cavidade oral dos animais afetados e os achados post mortem de indivíduos abatidos revelaram graus variados de periodontite, desgaste, fratura, mobilidade e perda dentária, associados a retração gengival, presença de biofilme e compactação de resíduos alimentares entre os dentes incisivos, pré-molares e molares. Em oito animais havia aumento de volume mandibular e em dois deles observaram-se abscessos fistulados que ocorreram exclusivamente nos dentes mandibulares. A ocorrência de periodontite em ovinos não têm sido registrada no Nordeste do Brasil, sendo estes os primeiros casos descritos na região.

ABSTRACT: Cases of periodontitis in sheep from the Agreste and Zona da Mata regions of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, are described. Information on breed, age and sex of affected animals as well as clinical and pathological aspects of the disease were obtained during farm visits. Fifteen animals from a total of 450 Santa Inês sheep, aged between three and twelve years, showed low body condition score, dull coat, and difficulty in feeding followed by pain on palpation of the mandibular region. Physical examination of the oral cavity of affected animals and post mortem findings of slaughtered individuals revealed varying degrees of periodontitis, wear, fracture, mobility, and loss of teeth associated with gingival retraction, presence of biofilm and food packing between incisors, premolars and molars teeth. Increased mandibular volume was observed in eight animals and, in two of them, an abscess fistula, exclusively in mandibular teeth. The occurrence of periodontitis in sheep had not been recorded until now in Northeastern Brazil and, thus, this is the first description of cases in the region.

The key step in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of apremilast was to produce the chiral alcohol (R)-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanol, (R)-3. Two enzymatic approaches were evaluated to obtain (R)-3, one using ketoreductases and the other lipases. Bioreduction of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanone (2), using ketoreductase KRED-P2-D12, led to (R)-3 with 48% conversion and 93% enantiomeric excess (ee). Kinetic resolution of rac-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl acetate (rac-4), via hydrolysis reaction, with 20% of n-butanol, catalyzed by lipase from Aspergillus niger yielded (R)-3 with > 99% ee, 50% conversion and E-value (enantiomeric ratio) > 200. The reaction between enantiomerically pure (R)-3 and 4-acetylamino-isoindol-1,3-dione (8) afforded apremilast in 65% yield and 67% ee.

The roots of Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) have extensively been used in folk medicine to treat liver infections and as a diuretic. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) were used for the profiling and structural characterization of alkaloids from the roots of S. paniculatum. Sixteen 3-aminofurostane alkaloids were characterized as novel compounds. In this study, three principal alkaloids were isolated in mixture, and their structures were established by different spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, and the high-resolution electrospray ionization (HR-ESI)-MS analysis. The isolated alkaloids were used to explore fragmentation pathways. Compound identification was based on the exact mass and fragmentation behaviors. Two compounds were identified as new natural compounds as: (25R)-3β-amino-furost-5-en-22α,26-diol O(26)-β-D-glucopyranoside (fatimagraine) and (25R)-3β-amino-furost-22-en,26-ol O(26)-β-D-glucopyranoside (bhattacharyyaine). The unambiguous assignments of 1H and 13C NMR data and chemical correction of the structure alkaloid jurubine are reported for the first time.

Abstract The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves of Vitex agnus-castus and Ocimum campechianum, and from fresh inflorescences of Ocimum carnosum were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The major components of V. agnus-castus essential oil were identified as 1,8-cineole (47.9%), terpinyl α-acetate (11.6%), sabinene (11.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.7%), while in the O. campechianum essential oil were eugenol (72.1%), β-elemene (6.8%), (E)-caryophyllene (6.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.2%). Linalool (79.0%), α-epi-cadinol (5.4%), terpinen-4-ol (3.2%) and 1,8-cineole (2.8%) were the major constituents in the O. carnosum essential oil. The essential oils were subsequently evaluated for their larvicidal and cytotoxic activities. Larval bioassay against Aedes aegypti of V. agnus-castus, O. campechianum and O. carnosum essential oils showed LC50 values of 97.55 ± 0.35, 81.45 ± 0.35 and 109.49 ± 0.35 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the essential oils has been evaluated on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung carcinoma (NCI-H292), pro-myelocytic leukemia (HL-60), and cervical adenocarcinoma (HEP-2) human cell lines, and pro-myelocytic leukemia cells lines (HL-60) were found to be the most sensitive to all the essential oils tested than the others. This is the first report on larvicidal and cytotoxic activities of these essential oils.

Abstract: Medicinal plants have long been used as an alternative to traditional drugs for the treatment of inflammatory conditions due to the classical side effects and restricted access of various commercially available drugs, such as steroids (GCs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Sambucus australis is a Brazilian herb that is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases; however, few studies have examined the use of this species in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The present study aims to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity of S. australis in vitro. We established spleen cell cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) to evaluate the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, IFN-y, and IL-10 (by ELISA), and the expression of the transcription factor NF-kB (by RT-PCR). In addition, we evaluated the levels of nitric oxide in macrophage cultures and the membrane-stabilizing activity of S. australis methanolic extract (EMSA). Treatment with EMSA at concentrations of 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 µg/ml significantly decreased IL-4 (p<0.001) and IL-5 (p<0.001) levels. Treatment with 100 µg/ml EMSA reduced IFN-у (p<0.001) levels. Moreover, at 100 mg/ml, EMSA also increased IL-10 production and reduced NF-kB expression (p<0.01). In macrophage cultures stimulated with LPS, EMSA decreased nitric oxide levels (p<0.001) at all concentrations tested (100, 50, 25 and 12.5 µg/ml). Additionally, EMSA had a protective effect in the erythrocyte membrane stabilization assay. Taken together, these results suggest that S. australis has anti-inflammatory potential in vitro, characterized by the reduction of both inflammatory cytokines and the expression of NF-kB along with the up-regulation of IL-10.

Halogenated compounds are valuable substrates for the field of organic synthesis and more specifically as reagents for coupling reactions. Environmental friendly procedures for regioselective iodination is the aim of this study, using four different methods previously described in the literature, that embrace green chemistry concepts, to obtain the 6- and 8-iodo-isomers of 3,7,3’,4’-tetramethoxy-quercetin. As traditional column chromatography does not resolve the mixture of isomers, the regioselectivity for iodination was quantified by use of HPLC. The use of a protic polar solvent improves selectivity for formation of the 8-iodo- isomers (tipically, I2, LiOH, MeOH, 3 h, 54% yield), while the use of a polar aprotic solvent or in the absence of a solvent favors formation of the 6-iodo- isomer (typically, I2, K2CO3, without solvent, 5 min, 60% yield). Twenty-one reaction procedures were investigated, five of which selectively gave the 6,8-diiodo-derivative. To the best of our knowledge, selective methods for the synthesis of this compound have not been described in the literature. The best condition was the neat reaction with N-iodo-succinimide with 68% yield in just a few minutes. All product yields are after column chromatography using silica gel, and characterized by usual methods, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and MS-TOF.

In order to produce bioactive derivatives of carvacrol and thymol, nine derivatives of each compound were prepared through modifications the phenolic hydroxyl group. The structures of compounds were confirmed by spectral data from MS, IR and NMR. Carvacrol, thymol and derivatives were submitted to the evaluation of the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, using a colorimetric method in which the inhibition of the enzyme is measured by coloration, and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Derivatives carvacryl acetate-1b and thymyl hexanoate-2b showed the best results for the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and for the larvicidal activity the derivatives 1a, 1b, 1c, 3h, 2a, 2b, 2c and 4h showed positive results, emphasizing compound thymyl 4-methoxybenzoate-4h which showed LC50 values of 23.60 ppm, considered a very good result.

RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou avaliar a ação antimicrobiana e antisséptica do extrato etanólico bruto da folha da Hymenaea martiana (Jatobá). O estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia da UNIVASF, na cidade de Petrolina-PE. Os extratos foram preparados utilizando diferentes diluentes, sendo estes: álcool etílico absoluto e a água destilada. Em seguida, foi empregada a técnica da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (MIC) e da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Todos os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata. A CBM média do extrato diluído em etanol foi de 358μg/μL e do extrato diluído em água destilada foi igual a 520,82μg/mL. Não houve diferença (P<0,05) quanto à inibição bacteriana para o extrato diluído em álcool etílico absoluto ou água destilada autoclavada. Ao comparar a atividade do extrato diluído em álcool etílico absoluto e a relação com a presença do gene blaZ, observou-se que os isolados negativos para o gene pesquisado apresentaram uma CBM igual a 412,3μg/mL, e, quando comparadas aos que foram positivos para o gene blaZ, que foi de 308,80μg/mL, contudo sem diferença estatística. Quanto à inibição das bactérias utilizando extrato aquoso, a atividade foi igual para as bactérias com ou sem o gene (520,82μg/mL). Desse modo, tanto o extrato diluído em álcool etílico absoluto quanto em agua destilada autoclavada demonstrou atividade antimicrobiana, sugerindo que ocorreu extração de substâncias bioativas. Em relação ao potencial antisséptico, H. martiana teve ação pareada com o cloro, contudo aquele agiu mais rapidamente, enquanto o cloro agiu de modo ideal uma hora após a aplicação; ambos os resultados destacam que o extrato etanólico bruto das folhas de H. martiana possui potencial de combate à proliferação de bactérias ambientais e infecciosas, surgindo como uma forma de prevenir a mastite.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antiseptic action of the crude ethanolic extract of Hymenaea martiana leaves. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of UNIVASF, city of Petrolina, state o Pernambuco. The extracts were prepared using different solvents, such as absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water. Then, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) techniques were used. All assays were performed in triplicate. The average of MBC extract diluted in ethanol was 358μg/mL, and the extract diluted in distilled water was equal to 520.82μg/mL. There was no difference (P<0.05) and bacterial inhibition to extract diluted in absolute ethanol or autoclaved distilled water. Comparing the activity of the extract diluted in ethanol and the relation with the presence of blaZ gene, it was observed that the negative strains for there searched gene showed a MBC equal to 412.3μg/mL in relation to those that were positive for blaZ gene, that was 308.80μg/μL, and, however, there was no statistical difference. The bacterial inhibition activity using an aqueous extract was equal for the bacteria that had or not the blaZ gene (520.82μg/mL). Thus, the extract diluted in absolute ethanol in autoclaved distilled water as demonstrated antimicrobial activity, suggesting that occurred extraction of bioactive substances. Regarding the antiseptic potential, H. martiana had the same action of chlorine, although, this acted immediately, while the chlorine action happened properly an hour after the application. Both results pointed out that the crude ethanolic extract of H. martiana leaves has potential to combat the proliferation of environmental and infectious bacteria, emerging as a way to prevent mastitis.

ABSTRACT Phytochemical investigation of Bauhinia acuruana Moric., Fabaceae, resulted in the isolation of sixteen constituents, including two new compounds 2'-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxybibenzyl (1), (2R,3S)-2-(3,4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-6-methylchroman-3,7-diol (2), together with fourteen known ones (3–16). The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis including HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data, followed by comparison with previously reported data from the literature. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity, which turned out to be marginal in a panel of six human cancer cell lines.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the prevalence and clustering patterns of cardiometabolic risk factors among low-income, female adolescents. Materials and methods Cross-sectional study involving 196 students of public schools (11-19 years old). The following risk factors were considered in the analysis: excess weight, central obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose. The ratio between observed and expected prevalence and its confidence interval were used to identify clustering of risk factors that exceeded expected prevalence in the population. Results The most prevalent risk factors were dyslipidemia (70.9%), and central obesity (39.8%), followed by excess weight (29.6%), and high blood pressure (12.8%). A total of 42.9% of adolescents had two or more risk factors, and 24% had three or more. Excess weight, central obesity, and dyslipidemia were common risk factors in the clustering patterns that showed higher-than-expected prevalence. Conclusions Clustering of risk factors (≥ two factors) among the adolescents showed considerable prevalence, and there was a non-casual coexistence of excess weight, central obesity, and dyslipidemia (mainly low HDL-cholesterol).