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ABSTRACT Deforestation, mining, pollution and the construction of hydroelectric plants are among the main risks for biological communities, ecosystems and indigenous peoples. In the Brazilian Amazon, historically there has been political pressure to reduce the constitutional rights of indigenous peoples, especially regarding mining activities and the construction of hydroelectric plants. This culminated in a law proposal allowing mining in indigenous lands (PL 191/2020), proposed during the last presidential term in Brazil (2018-2022), which sparked a heated debate in both the legal and ethical spheres. In this article we present objective arguments for the negative effects of mining on indigenous lands, using PL 191/2020 as a model to debate the consequences of such policies for biodiversity, ecosystem services, increased risks for humans due to pollutants and epidemics, and how this law violates the main objectives of the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. Particularly in the Brazilian Amazon, the negative effects of this law on human life quality, economy and the ecosystems are greater than the supposed positive effects projected into the future. We suggest rethinking the feasibility of mining on indigenous lands and reiterate the importance of conserving these lands and other protected areas in the Amazon intact as a heritage of all Brazilians and the wider human kind.

RESUMO O desmatamento, a mineração, a poluição e a construção de usinas hidrelétricas estão entre os principais riscos para as comunidades biológicas, os ecossistemas e os povos indígenas. Na Amazônia brasileira, historicamente tem havido pressão política para reduzir os direitos constitucionais dos povos indígenas, especialmente no que diz respeito às atividades de mineração e à construção de usinas hidrelétricas. Isso culminou em uma proposta de lei que permite a mineração em terras indígenas (PL 191/2020), proposta durante o último mandato presidencial no Brasil (2018-2022), que gerou um acalorado debate tanto na esfera jurídica quanto na esfera ética. Neste artigo apresentamos argumentos objetivos para os efeitos negativos da mineração em terras indígenas, usando o PL 191/2020 como modelo para debater as consequências de tais políticas para a biodiversidade, os serviços ecossistêmicos, o aumento dos riscos para os seres humanos devido a poluentes e epidemias, e como esta lei viola os principais objetivos da Agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Particularmente na Amazônia brasileira, os efeitos negativos desta lei sobre a qualidade de vida humana, a economia e os ecossistemas são maiores do que os supostos efeitos positivos projetados para o futuro. Sugerimos repensar a viabilidade da mineração em terras indígenas e reiterar a importância de conservar intactas essas terras e outras áreas protegidas na Amazônia como patrimônio de todos os brasileiros e da humanidade em geral.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202301922

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban effluents in south-east Buenos Aires, Argentina, May 2020 to March 2022
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Cimmino, Carlos

; Rodrigues Capítulo, Leandro

; Lerman, Andrea

; Silva, Andrea

; Von Haften, Gabriela

; Comino, Ana P.

; Cigoy, Luciana

; Scagliola, Marcelo

; Poncet, Verónica

; Caló, Gonzalo

; Uez, Osvaldo

; Berón, Corina M.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e94

Resumo: Pt Es En | Texto: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivos. Implementar e avaliar o uso de amostragem de águas residuais na detecção do coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2) em dois distritos costeiros da Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Métodos. No distrito de General Pueyrredon, amostras de 400 mL de águas residuais foram coletadas ao longo de 24 horas com um amostrador automático; já no distrito de Pinamar, foram coletados 20 L no total (2,2 L a intervalos de 20 minutos). As amostras foram coletadas uma vez por semana e concentradas por floculação com cloreto de polialumínio. A purificação do RNA e a amplificação e detecção de genes-alvo foram realizadas por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase com transcrição reversa para diagnóstico clínico de esfregaços nasofaríngeos humanos. Resultados. Detectou-se presença de SARS-CoV-2 em águas residuais dos dois distritos. Em General Pueyrredon, o SARS-CoV-2 foi detectado na semana epidemiológica 28 de 2020, ou seja, 20 dias antes do início de um aumento no número de casos da doença provocada pelo coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19) na primeira onda (semana epidemiológica 31) e 9 semanas antes de se registrar o número máximo de casos de COVID-19 confirmados em laboratório. No distrito de Pinamar, o genoma viral foi detectado na semana epidemiológica 51 de 2020, mas não foi possível realizar a amostragem novamente até a semana epidemiológica 4 de 2022, quando a circulação do vírus foi novamente constatada. Conclusões. Foi possível detectar o genoma do vírus SARS-CoV-2 em águas residuais, demonstrando a utilidade da aplicação da epidemiologia baseada em águas residuais para detectar e monitorar o SARS-CoV-2 em longo prazo.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Aplicar y evaluar la utilización de muestreos de aguas residuales como método para la detección del coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en dos distritos costeros de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Métodos. Se utilizó un dispositivo de muestreo automático para tomar muestras de 400 mL de las aguas residuales de 24 horas en el distrito de General Pueyrredon, mientras que en el distrito de Pinamar se tomaron muestras de 2,2 L a intervalos de 20 minutos hasta un volumen total de 20 L. Los muestreos se realizaron una vez por semana. Las muestras se concentraron mediante floculación con policloruro de aluminio. La purificación del ARN y la amplificación y detección del gen diana se llevaron a cabo mediante la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con retrotranscripción para el diagnóstico clínico a partir de hisopados nasofaríngeos. Resultados. Se observó la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en las aguas residuales de ambos distritos. En General Pueyrredon, el SARS-CoV-2 se halló en la semana epidemiológica 28 del 2020, es decir, 20 días antes del inicio del aumento de casos de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) registrado en la primera ola (semana epidemiológica 31) y nueve semanas antes de que se alcanzara el número máximo de casos de COVID-19 con confirmación de laboratorio. En el distrito de Pinamar se detectó el genoma viral en la semana epidemiológica 51 del 2020, pero solo se pudo volver a realizar el muestreo en la semana epidemiológica 4 del 2022, en la que se volvió a detectar la circulación del virus. Conclusiones. Se pudo detectar el genoma del virus SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales, lo que muestra la utilidad de la aplicación de la epidemiología de aguas residuales como método para la detección y el seguimiento del SARS-CoV-2 a largo plazo.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To implement and evaluate the use of wastewater sampling for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in two coastal districts of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Methods. In General Pueyrredon district, 400 mL of wastewater samples were taken with an automatic sampler for 24 hours, while in Pinamar district, 20 L in total (2.2 L at 20-minute intervals) were taken. Samples were collected once a week. The samples were concentrated based on flocculation using polyaluminum chloride. RNA purification and target gene amplification and detection were performed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for clinical diagnosis of human nasopharyngeal swabs. Results. In both districts, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in wastewater. In General Pueyrredon, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in epidemiological week 28, 2020, which was 20 days before the start of an increase in coronavirus virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the first wave (epidemiological week 31) and 9 weeks before the maximum number of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was recorded. In Pinamar district, the virus genome was detected in epidemiological week 51, 2020 but it was not possible to carry out the sampling again until epidemiological week 4, 2022, when viral circulation was again detected. Conclusions. It was possible to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus genome in wastewater, demonstrating the usefulness of the application of wastewater epidemiology for long-term SARS-CoV-2 detection and monitoring.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2023.94

IMPRESSÃO 3D DE SEPARADOR MAGNÉTICO: UMA ABORDAGEM ACESSÍVEL PARA O PREPARO DE AMOSTRAS NO DIAGNÓSTICO DA COVID-19
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Silva-Neto, Habdias A.

; Duarte-Junior, Gerson F.

; Bazílio, Gabriela Silvério

; Parente-Rocha, Juliana Alves

; Colugnati, Diego B.

; Borges, Clayton L.

; Coltro, Wendell K. T.

Química Nova

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2023, Volume 46 Nº 5 Páginas 476 - 481

Resumo: Pt | Texto: Pt | PDF: Pt

This report describes the fabrication of a low-cost magnetic separator holder combining 3D printing and compact neodymium blocks for allowing magnetic extraction and purification of RNA from samples collected by nasopharyngeal swab from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. The device was designed to contain 24 entrances for plastic microtubes in an arrangement like a commercial device. The proof of concept of the proposed device was successfully demonstrated through the sample extraction and purification of swab samples collected from eight patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sample preparation protocol was performed using a commercial kit containing magnetic beads and different solutions. The performance of the printed device was compared to a commercial magnetic separator, usually employed in the golden standard techniques. The fabrication of the 3D printed magnetic separator was completed under optimized printing conditions within 6 h at cost of 4 USD per unit. The RNA extracted from samples using both devices was analyzed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and the achieved results have indicated no statistical different at confidence level of 95%. Based on the achievements, the use of 3D printing and neodymium blocks have demonstrated an alternative route to be used in routing analysis associated to COVID-19 diagnosis.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230023

First report of putative Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) in Leishmania infantum strains from canine and human visceral leishmaniasis cases in the southeast of Brazil
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Rêgo, Felipe Dutra

; da Silva, Eduardo Sérgio

; Lopes, Valeriana Valadares

; Teixeira-Neto, Rafael Gonçalves

; Belo, Vinícius Silva

; Fonseca Júnior, Antônio Augusto

; Pereira, Diego Andrade

; Pena, Heber Paulino

; Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra

; Araújo, Gabriela V

; da Matta, Vânia Lúcia Ribeiro

; Chouman, Islam Hussein

; Burrin, Thainá Bergantin

; Sandoval, Carmen M

; Barrouin-Melo, Stella Maria

; de Pinho, Flaviane Alves

; de Andrade, Hélida Monteiro

; Nunes, Ramon Vieira

; Gontijo, Célia Maria Ferreira

; Soccol, Vanete Thomaz

; Klocek, Donnamae

; Grybchuk, Danyil

; Macedo, Diego Henrique

; do Monte-Neto, Rubens Lima

; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav

; Soares, Rodrigo Pedro

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e230071

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) is commonly found in South American Leishmania parasites belonging to the subgenus Viannia, whereas Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) was previously thought to be restricted to the Old-World pathogens of the subgenus Leishmania. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the presence of LRV2 in strains of Leishmania (L.) infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), originating from different hosts, clinical forms, and geographical regions. METHODS A total of seventy-one isolates were screened for LRV2 using semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. FINDINGS We detected LRV2 in two L. infantum isolates (CUR268 and HP-EMO) from canine and human cases, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of LRV2 in the New World.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230071

Catalytic properties of amylases produced by Cunninghamella echinulata and Rhizopus microsporus
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CAVALHEIRO, GABRIELA F.

; COSTA, ANA CAROLINA DA

; GARBIN, ANDREZA DE PAULA

; SILVA, GEISA A. DA

; GARCIA, NAYARA FERNANDA L.

; PAZ, MARCELO F. DA

; FONSECA, GUSTAVO G.

; LEITE, RODRIGO S.R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Nº 3 elocation e20230187

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present work aimed to characterize and compare the catalytic properties of amylases from Cunninghamella echinulata and Rhizopus microsporus. The highest production of amylase by C. echinulata, 234.94 U g-1 of dry substrate (or 23.49 U mL-1), was obtained using wheat bran as a substrate, with 50–55% initial moisture and kept at 28 °C for 48 h. The highest production of amylases by R. microsporus, 224.85 U g-1 of dry substrate (or 22.48 U mL-1), was obtained cultivating wheat bran with 65% initial moisture at 45 °C for 24 h. The optimal activity of the amylases was observed at pH 5.0 at 60 °C for C. echinulata enzymes and at pH 4.5 at 65 °C for R. microsporus. The amylases produced by C. echinulata were stable at pH 4.0–8.0, while the R. microsporus enzymes were stable at pH 4.0–10.0. The amylases produced by C. echinulata remained stable for 1 h at 50 °C and the R. microsporus amylases maintained catalytic activity for 1 h at 55 °C. The enzymatic extracts of both fungi hydrolyzed starches from different plant sources and showed potential for liquefaction of starch, however the amylolytic complex of C. echinulata exhibited greater saccharifying potential.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230187

Interaction of papaya seedlings inoculated with different mycorrhizal fungi species1
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Rodrigues, Maria Gabriela Fontanetti

; Rebeschini, Melina Marengo

; Ferreira, Antonio Flávio Arruda

; Monteiro, Laís Naiara Honorato

; Martins, Maria Eugênia da Silva

; Andreote, Fernando Dini

; Mescolotti, Denise de Lourdes Colombo

Revista Ceres

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2023, Volume 70 Nº 6 elocation e70603

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the most cultivated fruits in Brazil. Thus, increasing efforts to improve the crop efficiency have been carried out, being the study of quality seedling production of fundamental importance. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in symbiosis with the root system of plants, can bring great improvements to the morphophysiological aspects of the papaya tree. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of papaya seeds treated with AMF, in order to support management works on the crop. The experiment was installed in an agricultural greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three treatments: T0 – control (no inoculation); T1 - inoculation of seeds with Gigaspora rosea + Gigaspora margarita; and T2 - inoculation of seeds with Rhizophagus clarus, with 40 replicates, with each sowing cell being considered a replicate. Mycorrhizal colonization, seedling emergence and biometric indices at 60 days after sowing were evaluated. High symbiosis rate was observed between papaya seedlings with Rhizophagus clarus and Gigaspora rosea + Gigaspora margarita. Increase in the percentage and speed emergence and decrease in emergence time in relation to control was observed, in addition to increase in biometric characteristics of seedlings, evidencing its beneficial use for higher production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202370060003

Toxicity and synergism of the essential oil of Piper aduncum L. in populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1
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Oliveira, Roger Ventura

; Sousa, Adalberto Hipólito de

; Tamwing, Gabriela da Silva

; Mota, Bárbara Barbosa

; Silva, Márcio Chaves da

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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2023, Volume 53 elocation e76287

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Researches on the use of essential oil of Piper aduncum L. (EOPA) as a synergist in stored grain pests are still incipient. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of deltamethrin and EOPA, as well as to study the effect of the binary mixture of EOPA + deltamethrin, on five Sitophilus zeamais Brazilian populations. The toxicity was investigated based on concentration-mortality data from deltamethrin and EOPA in thirteen S. zeamais populations. The standard susceptibility population of ¼ LC20 was used with the deltamethrin combinations to generate lethal concentrations capable of causing 50 and 95 % of mortality (LC50 and LC95). A binary mixture of EOPA x deltamethrin was also tested in five S. zeamais populations to detect the synergistic effect with the deltamethrin. The concentration-mortality curves were generated, and the residual toxicity values after 24 h of exposure ranged 0.003-0.08 µL cm-2 for deltamethrin, 0.04-2.038 µL cm-2 for EOPA and 0.0016-0.014 µL cm-2 for the binary mixture. The S. zeamais populations showed an uneven toxicity in response to the deltamethrin. The Jacarezinho (Paraná state) population showed resistance, with toxicity ratios for LC50 increasing by 3.06 and 4.13 times, when compared to susceptible populations, for EOPA and deltamethrin, respectively. The Barbacena (Minas Gerais state) population was considered as the susceptibility standard in the EOPA toxicity bioassays. The binary mixture suppressed the resistance mechanism of the tested S. zeamais populations due to the synergistic action of the bioinsecticide with the deltamethrin.

RESUMO Estudos sobre o uso de óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. (OEPA) como sinérgico em pragas de grãos armazenados ainda são incipientes. Objetivou-se determinar a toxicidade de deltametrina e OEPA, bem como estudar o efeito da mistura binária de OEPA + deltametrina, em cinco populações brasileiras de Sitophilus zeamais. A toxicidade foi investigada com base em dados de concentração-mortalidade de deltametrina e OEPA em treze populações de S. zeamais. A população padrão de suscetibilidade de ¼ CL20 foi utilizada com as combinações de deltametrina para gerar concentrações letais capazes de causar mortalidade de 50 e 95 % (CL50 e CL95). Uma mistura binária de OEPA x deltametrina também foi testada em cinco populações de S. zeamais para detectar o efeito sinérgico com a deltametrina. As curvas concentração-mortalidade foram geradas e os valores de toxicidade residual após 24 h de exposição variaram 0,003-0,08 µL cm-2 para deltametrina, 0,04-2,038 µL cm-2 para OEPA e 0,0016-0,014 µL cm-2 para a mistura binária. As populações de S. zeamais apresentaram toxicidade desigual em resposta à deltametrina. A população de Jacarezinho (PR) apresentou resistência, com os índices de toxicidade para CL50 aumentando 3,06 e 4,13 vezes, em comparação às populações suscetíveis para OEPA e deltametrina, respectivamente. A população de Barbacena (MG) foi considerada padrão de suscetibilidade nos bioensaios de toxicidade de OEPA. A mistura binária suprimiu o mecanismo de resistência das populações de S. zeamais testadas devido à ação sinérgica do bioinseticida com a deltametrina.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632023v5376287

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23022

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

Identification of phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Atlantic forest fragments and their dispersal to urban area
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SILVA, FRANCISCO A.

; COSTA, DIMÍTRI A.

; SILVA, BRENO HENRIQUE M.

; ALVES, ADRIANO FRANCISCO

; SOUZA, SÉRGIO JOEL DE

; SILVA, GEUBA MARIA B. DA

; MENESES, JANAÍNA M.

; MATOS-ROCHA, THIAGO JOSÉ

; CHRISTOFFERSEN, MARTIN L.

; CAVALCANTI, MARÍLIA GABRIELA S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Nº 4 elocation e20191596

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The geographical distribution of sand flies in Brazil has been the subject of some studies, yet there is no information about the phlebotomine fauna in João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil. The aim of this work is to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of sand flies in the Atlantic forest fragments and to evaluate a possible dispersion in 06 nearby districts. Light traps were used during three consecutive nights, supplemented by an aspirator during the dry period and rainy season. A total of 222 sand flies were found, 143 (130 males and 13 females) in the Atlantic forest, and 79 in urban areas. During the entire dry season, three species of phlebotomine sand flies were recorded in 11 forest fragments, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lu. migonei and Lu. whitmani. During the rainy season, only Lu. longipalpis was found. This was the only species identified in the studied neighborhoods during both seasons. The differences in diversity of sand flies encountered between natural habitats and urban areas may thus be correlated mostly with adaptations to particular habitats and availability of food. One species (Lu. longipalpis) appears to be rapidly adapting to urban areas because of deforestation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320191596

10.

Banco de sementes de áreas alto-montanas em regeneração natural pós-distúrbio no Planalto Sul-Catarinense
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Duarte, Edilaine

; Silva, Ana Carolina da

; Higuchi, Pedro

; Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa

; Larsen, Janaina Gabriela

; Nunes, Amanda da Silva

; Silva, Mariele Alves Ferrer

; Dallabrida, Juliana Pizutti

Ciência Florestal

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Set 2022, Volume 32 Nº 3 Páginas 1617 - 1639

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivou-se verificar a composição florístico-estrutural das plântulas regenerantes a partir do banco de sementes de três áreas em recuperação pós-distúrbios antrópicos, em ambientes alto-montanos do Parque Nacional de São Joaquim. As áreas 1 (A1) e 2 (A2) foram originadas da regeneração após o corte de remanescentes florestais e a área 3 (A3) foi originada da regeneração de campo nativo após práticas de pastoreio. As três áreas encontram-se protegidas há quase dez anos após a finalização dos distúrbios. Foram instaladas transecções de 20 × 100 m em cada área, subdivididas em 20 parcelas de 10 × 10 m, nas quais foram coletadas amostras de solos e serapilheira, totalizando 60 amostras. Os materiais coletados foram conduzidos à casa de vegetação, onde foram submetidos ao mesmo tratamento, com irrigação diária por aspersão. Foi realizada a avaliação quali-quantitativa mensal das plântulas emergentes, identificando-as e classificando-as quanto à origem (nativa ou exótica) e às formas de vida. Foram amostradas 5.604 plântulas, distribuídas em 62 táxons. Houve predominância de espécies herbáceas (74,2%) e nativas (67,7%), sendo Cyperus odoratus L. e Juncus capillaceus Lam. as mais abundantes. As áreas originadas a partir de desmatamentos apresentaram maior heterogeneidade de espécies e hábitos e maior densidade de plântulas regenerantes do banco de sementes, quando comparado com a área de Campo de Altitude. Conclui-se que o banco de sementes das áreas alto-montanas estudadas apresenta potencial de colonização imediata após distúrbios, com elevada riqueza e densidade de espécies herbáceas, que garantem o recobrimento do solo e, assim, o início e o suporte necessário para o avanço da dinâmica sucessional.

Abstract We aimed to verify the floristic-structural composition of regenerative seedlings of seed banks from areas under anthropic post-disturbance restoration process, in “Planalto Sul Catarinense” region, upper-montane environments. In each of three sites (Area 1, 2 and 3) at São Joaquim National Park, protected for almost ten years, but with different land-use history, we allocated one 20 x 100 m transect, sub-divided in 20 plots, where a total of 60 samples of soil and litter were collected. While the Areas 1 (A1) and 2 (A2) were originally covered by natural forest, the Area 3 (A3) can be considered as cattle raising grassland. In a greenhouse, all the collected material was submitted to the same procedure, with daily sprinkler irrigation. After the seed germination in trays, we performed a monthly qualitative and quantitative evaluation of emergent seedlings that were identified and classified according to origin (native and exotic) and life form. In one year, 5,604 seedlings were counted, belonging to 62 taxa. There was predominance of herbs (74.2%) and native species (67.7%), being Cyperus odoratus L. and Juncus capillaceus Lam. the most abundant. When compared to the original grassland area, those originated from past deforestation showed a greater species and life form heterogeneity as well as greater seedling density emergence from the collected seed bank. We concluded that the studied seed banks have the potential to support a prompt seedling colonization after disturbances, ensuring the soil cover, and thus, the necessary initial support for the advance of successional dynamics.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509830226

11.

Cambios en las características clínicas y desenlaces de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 durante dos años de pandemia: experiencia en un hospital venezolano
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Arvelo, María C.

; Montes de Oca, María

; Sánchez-Traslaviña, Laura

; Pujol, Flor H.

; Jaspe, Rossana C.

; Silva, Isabel C.

; Stulin, Irene

; Blanco, Gabriela

; Quevedo, Jennireth

; Valera, Nathalia

; Papa, Irene

; Bacci, Santiago

; de Abreu, Fátima

; Villarroel, Héctor

; Catari, Juan C.

; Lopez, José L.

; Moran, Brigitte

; Cárdenas, Claudio

; Santucci, Saverio

; Viloria, José L.

; García, Eleonora

; Gómez, Jerry

; Martinelli, Antonio

; Guzmán, Manuel

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública

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Set 2022, Volume 39 Nº 3 Páginas 292 - 301

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar los cambios en las características clínicas y desenlaces intrahospitalarios de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un hospital privado de Caracas durante dos años de pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Se investigó la correspondencia entre las olas de ingresos hospitalarios con las variantes circulantes del SARS-CoV-2 en la población general del Distrito Capital y estado Miranda. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1025 pacientes (569 hombres y 456 mujeres), con edad promedio de 62,9 DE: 16,2 años. Cuatro olas de ingresos hospitalarios fueron identificadas: primera (marzo-noviembre 2020) 150/1025 (14,6%) casos; segunda (diciembre-2020 a mayo-2021) 415/1025 (40,5%) casos; tercera (junio-diciembre 2021) 344/1025 (33,6%) casos; cuarta (enero-febrero 2022) 116/1025 (11,3%) casos. La edad promedio fue mayor en la cuarta ola (primera 64,0±15,7, segunda 61,4±15,8, tercera 62,1±16,5, y cuarta ola 68,5±16,4), mientras que la proporción de pacientes masculinos (primera 66,7%, segunda 58,8%, tercera 50,3%, y cuarta 44,8%), los pacientes con enfermedad grave-crítica (primera 65,3%, segunda 57%, tercera 51,7% y cuarta 44,8%), la estadía intrahospitalaria (primera 9,1±6,0, segunda 9,0±7,3, tercera 8,8±7,7, y cuarta 6,9±5,0 días), los ingresos a la UCI (primera 23,3%, segunda 15,7%, tercera 14,0%, y cuarta 11,2%; p=0,027) y la mortalidad (primera 21.8%, segunda 10,7%, tercera 9,1%, y cuarta 7,1%; p<0,001) disminuyeron progresivamente con el tiempo. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran menor frecuencia de casos severos y mejoría de los desenlaces intrahospitalarios en dos años de pandemia. Es probable que los cambios en las variantes circulantes, las mejoras del manejo de la enfermedad y la vacunación hayan influido sobre estos resultados.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine changes in the clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a private hospital in Caracas during two years of the pandemic. Materials and Methods. Retrospective, observational study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. We evaluated the correspondence between waves of hospital admissions and circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the general population of the Capital District and Miranda state. Results. A total of 1025 patients (569 men and 456 women) were included, with a mean age of 62.9 SD: 16.2 years. Four waves of hospital admissions were identified: first (March-November 2020) 150/1025 (14.6%) cases; second (December 2020 to May 2021) 415/1025 (40.5%) cases; third (June-December 2021) 344/1025 (33.6%) cases; fourth (January-February 2022) 116/1025 (11.3%) cases. The mean age was higher in the fourth wave (first: 64.0±15.7, second: 61.4±15.8, third: 62.1±16.5, and fourth wave: 68.5±16.4), while the proportion of male patients (first: 66.7%, second: 58.8%, third: 50.3%, and fourth wave: 44.8%), patients with severe-critical illness (first: 65.3%, second: 57%, third: 51.7%, and fourth wave: 44.8%), in-hospital stay (first: 9.1±6.0, second: 9.0±7.3, third: 8.8±7.7, and fourth wave: 6.9±5.0 days), ICU admissions (first: 23.3%, second: 15.7%, third: 14.0%, and fourth wave: 11.2%; p=0.027) and mortality (first: 21. 8%, second: 10.7%, third: 9.1%, and fourth wave: 7.1%; p<0.001) progressively decreased over time. Conclusions. The results show lower frequency of severe cases and improvement of in-hospital outcomes in two years of the pandemic. Changes in circulating variants, improvements in disease management and vaccination are likely to have influenced these results.

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2022.393.11195

12.

Cambios en las características clínicas y desenlaces de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 durante dos años de pandemia: experiencia en un hospital venezolano
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Arvelo, María C.

; Montes de Oca, María

; Sánchez-Traslaviña, Laura

; Pujol, Flor H.

; Jaspe, Rossana C.

; Silva, Isabel C.

; Stulin, Irene

; Blanco, Gabriela

; Quevedo, Jennireth

; Valera, Nathalia

; Papa, Irene

; Bacci, Santiago

; de Abreu, Fátima

; Villarroel, Héctor

; Catari, Juan C.

; Lopez, José L.

; Moran, Brigitte

; Cárdenas, Claudio

; Santucci, Saverio

; Viloria, José L.

; García, Eleonora

; Gómez, Jerry

; Martinelli, Antonio

; Guzmán, Manuel

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica

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Jul 2022, Volume 39 Nº 3 Páginas 292 - 301

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2022.393.11195

13.

INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVE PHOTOMETRIC PH METER SENSOR USING NATURAL PIGMENTS
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Barboza, Rodolfo S.

; Vale, Daniella L.

; Gomes, Thiago C. A.

; Mesquita, Thayná L.

; Silva, Carlos A. C. da

; Camargo, Gabriela do N.

Química Nova

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Jun 2022, Volume 45 Nº 6 Páginas 750 - 759

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

There is a trend of development of analytical methodologies and technologies that allow in situ analysis, producing accurate information in real time, at low cost, using homemade experiments and devices to increase interest in scientific knowledge with a constructive approach in an interdisciplinary perspective in Chemistry Education. In this context, a photometric-chemometric method of analysis was developed to measure the pH of solutions using easily accessible and low-cost material based on the use of natural pigments found in red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Calibrations and determinations were performed by RGB measurements of pigment coloration in solution at different pH values using the free app Photometrix, converted to HSV, YCbCr and YUV color spaces and processed by Partial Least Squares regression (PLS). The best PLS model found was HSV with mean central scale obtained pH measurements with RMSEP 0.98, R2 0.97 and bias close to zero. In addition, experimental data were statistically validated. Analyzes of predicted pH from three independents experiments revealed high recoveries (95-103%) and low relative standard deviations. Thus, the PhotoMetrix app was viable for colorimetric pH determinations using the low-cost photometric pH meter sensor and a smartphone, improving accessibility and applicability in Chemistry Education.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170869

14.

Extracts of the Native Brazilian Tree Garcinia gardneriana Inhibit Urediniospore Germination of Coffee Leaf Rust Fungus
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Silva, Ueveton P. da

; Ferreira, Bruno W

; Sousa, Bianca L. de

; Furlani, Gabriela M

; Barreto, Robert W

; Agrizzi, Ana Paula

; Leite, João Paulo V

; Santos, Marcelo H. dos

; Varejão, Eduardo V. V

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Mar 2022, Volume 33 Nº 3 Páginas 217 - 226

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The fungal Hemileia vastatrix is the causal agent of coffee leaf rust, one of the worst and devastating disease in coffee cultures worldwide. As a result of our research on natural products for the development of novel agrochemicals, we found that the hexane extract from leaves of the Brazilian medicinal plant Garcinia gardneriana, at 500 μg mL-1, inhibited in 98% the germination of H. vastatrix urediniospores. This extract showed no phytotoxicity when tested for seed germination and seedling growth inhibitory activity using sensible plant species. Also, the hexane extract from leaves was tested for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, which constitutes a mechanism of action of major commercial insecticides used in agriculture, and showed low activity even at concentrations about two times higher than the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) found in the antifungal assays. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the hexane extract is constituted mainly by the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol, together with a series of sesquiterpenes as minor components. This is the first report on the investigation of antifungal, phytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts from leaves of G. gardneriana. These findings indicate that G. gardneriana may constitute a promising source of natural products for controlling the coffee leaf rust fungus.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210139

15.

Correlations between Web Searches and COVID-19 Epidemiological Indicators in Brazil
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Locatelli, Marcelo Sartori

; Cunha, Evandro L. T. P

; Guiginski, Janaína

; Franco, Ramon A. S

; Bernardes, Tereza

; Alzamora, Pedro Loures

; Silva, Daniel Victor F. da

; Ganem, Marcelo Augusto S

; Santos, Thiago H. M

; Carvalho, Anne I. R

; Souza, Leandro M. V

; Paixão, Gabriela P. F

; Chaves, Elisa França

; Santos, Guilherme Bezerra dos

; Santos, Rafael Vinícius dos

; Freitas, Amanda Cupertino de

; Flores, Matheus G

; Biezuner, Rachel F

; Cardoso, Rodolfo Lins

; Fonseca, Rodrigo Machado

; Silva, Ana Paula Couto da

; Meira Jr, Wagner

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2022, Volume 65 elocation e22210648

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract: COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as “I have contracted covid”, had high correlations (≥0.7) with few weeks of lag (≤4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210648

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