ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the elemental composition of different biomass components of the forest species Acacia mearnsii De Wild, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, Mimosa scabrella Benth and Ateleia glazioviana Baill, at their first, third and fifth year after planting, aiming at bioenergetic use. The biomass elemental composition was determined by quantifying the levels of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. The three ages, the four species, and the four compartments differ in relation to the elementary constituents. The use of trees at any age allows for energy use. The fifth year presents the best carbon and hydrogen values, being the best age for using the biomass energy of the different species. A. mearnsii presents the highest carbon values for the leaf and A. glazioviana presents the highest hydrogen values for all compartments. The leaf is the best compartment for energetic use.

Abstract: Biomass is an important component of the Brazilian energy matrix, with a potential contribution of co-products from thinned forests. The aim of this work was to evaluate the energy balance and CO2 potential emission in mechanized biomass harvesting operations in Pinus taeda stands at 9 and 10 years-old and under thinning, searching to support the use of co-product biomass from thinning as a renewable energy source. Thinning was carried out through cut-to-length harvesting method, in which large logs for sawmill and small logs for energy were produced. In addition, tops, needles, barks, and branches were considered as co-products. The balance between consumed energy and emitted CO2 by machines for thinning in relationship to the energy and CO2 in thinned biomass was estimated. Thus, dry matter, energy potential, and CO2 potential emission were evaluated and compared considering thinning stand ages as treatments. Mechanized thinning consumes a large energy and produces CO2, however, the energy consumed by machines is lower than 1% of the estimated energy potential in thinned biomass, while the CO2 emission is lower than 0.5% of the biomass. Therefore, the use of co-product biomass of thinning is an important way to mitigate greenhouse gas emission.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors for the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C virus-infected patients at Brazilian reference centers. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study included hepatitis C virus genotype 1 monoinfected patients treated with Peg-interferon, ribavirin, and either boceprevir (n=158) or telaprevir (n=557) between July 2013 and April 2014 at 15 reference centers in Brazil. Demographic, clinical, virological, and adverse events data were collected during treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 715 patients, 59% had cirrhosis and 67.1% were treatment-experienced. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, the overall sustained viral response was 56.6%, with similar effectiveness in both groups (51.9% for boceprevir and 58% for telaprevir, p=0.190). Serious adverse events occurred in 44.2% of patients, and six deaths (0.8%) were recorded. Cirrhotic patients had lower sustained viral response rates than non-cirrhotic patients (46.9% vs. 70.6%, p<0.001) and a higher incidence of serious adverse events (50.7% vs. 34.8%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that sustained viral response was associated with the absence of cirrhosis, viral recurrence after previous treatment, pretreatment platelet count greater than 100,000/mm3, and achievement of a rapid viral response. Female gender, age>65 years, diagnosis of cirrhosis, and abnormal hemoglobin levels/platelet counts prior to treatment were associated with serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Although serious adverse events rates were higher in this infected population, sustained viral response rates were similar to those reported for other patient cohorts.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de genótipos de videira à drosófila-da-asa- manchada, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), em bagas de uva intactas e em bagas infestadas após a ocorrência de puncturas, causadas pela oviposição da mosca-das-frutas sul-americana [Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)] ou por danos mecânicos (alfinetes). Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório, a 22±1°C, umidade relativa de 65±10% e fotófase de 12 horas. A suscetibilidade foi avaliada para 18 genótipos de videira, em bagas intactas submetidas às fêmeas de D. suzukii. O potencial de interação foi verificado em bagas de uva 'Italia', cuja epiderme foi danificada por puncturas de A. fraterculus ou por alfinete, em comparação a frutos de morango 'Albion'. As cultivares de Vitis labrusca 'Niagara Rosada' e 'Concord' não foram infestadas por D. suzukii, e cinco dos oito genótipos que foram infestados são cultivares melhoradas. A infestação de D. suzukii em bagas de uva 'Italia' com danos mecânicos, feitos com um alfinete ou pela oviposição de A. fraterculus, foi semelhante à de bagas íntegras. Há baixa adequação hospedeira de videiras a D. suzukii, mesmo com a presença de danos. As cultivares 'Benitaka', 'BRS Vitória' e 'BRS Morena' são as mais suscetíveis a D. suzukii.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of vine genotypes to the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), on uninjured grapes and on infested grapes after the occurrence of puncture sites, caused either by the oviposition of South American fruit fly [Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)] or by mechanical damage (pins). The experiments were carried out in laboratory at 22±1°C, 65±10% relative humidity, and 12-hour photophase. Susceptibility was evaluated on intact grapes of 18 genotypes subjected to D. suzukii females. The interaction potential was assessed on 'Italia' grapes, whose epidermis was damaged either by punctures caused by A. fraterculus or by pins, in comparison to 'Albion' strawberries. The 'Niagara Rosada' and 'Concord' Vitis labrusca cultivars were not infested by D. suzukii, and five out of the eight infested genotypes are improved varieties. Infestation of D. suzukii on 'Italia' grapes, with mechanical damage made by a pin or by A. fraterculus oviposition, was similar to that on undamaged grapes. There is a low suitability of host vines to D. suzukii, even with the presence of previous injuries. The 'Benitaka', 'BRS Vitória', and 'BRS Morena' vine cultivars are the most susceptible genotypes to D. suzukii.

The objective of this study was to fit regression equations that express the gross calorific power (GCV) of wood from four tree species: Acacia mearnsii De Willd., Eucalyptus grandis Hill, Mimosa scabrella Benth. and Ateleia glazioviana Baill. The backward variable selection procedure was used to formulate GCV equations according to the volatile matter content (VMC), ash content (AC), fixed carbon content (FCC) and organic matter content (OMC). Sample collection was performed one year after planting to determine such variables. All equations performed well: fitted values for the coefficient of determination was greater than 82 %, standard error of the estimate was less than 1.1 % and distribution of residuals was adequate. The equations involving only the VMC for A. mearnsii, AC for E. grandis and A. glazioviana, and elements of proximate analysis for M. scabrella are just as effective at estimating GCV as other equations that include a greater number of independent variables.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue ajustar ecuaciones de regresión que expresen el poder calorífico superior (PCS) de la madera de cuatro especies forestales: Acacia mearnsii De Willd., Eucalyptus grandis Hill, Mimosa scabrella Benth.y Ateleia glazioviana Baill. El procedimiento de selección de variables hacia atrás se utilizó para generar ecuaciones de PCS en función de los contenidos de material volátil (CMV), ceniza (CC), carbono fijo (CCF) y materia orgánica (CMO). Las muestras se recolectaron un año después de la plantación para la determinación de dichas variables. Todas las ecuaciones obtenidas tuvieron buena correlación, presentaron coeficientes de determinación ajustados superiores a 82 %, error estándar de estimación inferior de 1.1 % y distribución adecuada de los residuos. Las ecuaciones que implican solamente el CMV para A. mearnsii, CC para E. grandis y A. glazioviana, y los elementos del análisis proximal para M. scabrella, son tan adecuadas para estimar el PCS como las ecuaciones que incluyen más variables independientes.

O presente estudo relata novos achados de carrapatos provenientes do Município de Vilhena, Sudeste do Estado de Rondônia, na região Norte do Brasil. Carrapatos colhidos de uma capivara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus), foram identificados como Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli (1 fêmea) e Amblyomma sp. (1 larva). Carrapatos colhidos de uma águia harpia, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus), foram identificados como Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) (16 ninfas) e Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley (1 ninfa). Carrapatos colhidos de um jabuti, Chelonoidis denticulada (Linnaeus), foram identificados como Amblyomma rotundatum Koch (10 fêmeas, 2 ninfas) e Amblyomma sp. (2 larvas). O presente achado de A. romitii é o primeiro no Estado de Rondônia, representando o achado mais meridional desta espécie de carrapato, indicando que sua distribuição geográfica é mais ampla do que se supunha. Embora A. cajennense e H. juxtakochi têm sido relatados parasitando várias espécies de aves, o presente relato em harpia é o primeiro registro de carrapatos nesta espécie de hospedeiro. A. rotundatum ocorre amplamente no Estado de Rondônia e tem sido previamente relatado parasitando jabutis. Estes registros ampliam a fauna de carrapatos de Rondônia para 26 espécies.

In the present study, we provide new tick records from Vilhena Municipality, in the Southeast of the State of Rondônia, Northern Brazil. Ticks collected from a capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli (1 female), and Amblyomma sp. (1 larva). Ticks collected from a harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) (16 nymphs) and Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley (1 nymph). Ticks collected from a yellow-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis denticulada (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma rotundatum Koch (10 females, 2 nymphs), and Amblyomma sp. (2 larvae). The present record of A. romitii is the first in the State of Rondônia, and represents the southernmost record for this tick species, indicating that its distribution area is much larger than currently recognized. Although both A. cajennense and H. juxtakochi have been reported parasitizing various bird species, we provide the first tick records on a harpy eagle. A. rotundatum is widespread in the State of Rondônia, and has been previously reported on the yellow-footed tortoise. The present records increase the tick fauna of Rondônia to 26 species.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de cinco doses do polímero hidroabsorvente hidratassolo®, 0, 4, 8, 12 e 16 dg kg-1 de solo seco, e duas lâminas de irrigação, 60 e 120% da evapotranspiração de referência, nas características vegetativas do coentro. Adotou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em parcela sub-dividida no tempo, com quatro repetições. Nas duas épocas de plantio do coentro a eficiência do uso da água, o rendimento de matéria verde e seca e o número de plantas aumentaram linearmente com a elevação das doses do polímero quando se fixou a menor lâmina, exceto na predição da altura de plantas na primeira época de plantio conforme modelo quadrático. Com a aplicação da maior lâmina as estimativas das características avaliadas com interação significativa foram maximizadas com doses ideais na faixa de 6 a 11 dg kg-1, como também o emprego da dose máxima de 16 dg kg-1 proporcionou uma queda em relação à testemunha.

This study had the objective of evaluating the effect of five doses of the hidratassolo® hydrogel polymer 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 dg kg-1 of dry soil, and two irrigation water depths, 60 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration, on the vegetative characteristics of coriander. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted in split-plots, with four replications. At two stages of coriander growth the water use efficiency, the yield of green and dry matter, and the number of plants increased linearly with the elevation of dose of the polymer, when the smallest water depth was applied, except in the prediction of the height of plants at the first stage of planting according to quadratic model. With application of higher water depth (120%), the estimates of the appraised characteristics with significant interaction were maximized with ideal doses in the range of 6 to 11 dg kg-1 , and also the employment of the maximum dose of 16 dg kg-1 provided a fall in relation to the control.

Estudou-se em laboratório a biologia do ácaro branco, Polypha-gotorsonemus latus (Banks) em, pimentão (Capsicum annuum) a 20, 25 e 30 °C. Observou-se relação inversa entre a duração do desenvolvimento de P. latus e a temperatura em todas as fases do ciclo de vida do ácaro. A duração do período de ovo a adulto foi maior a 20 °C (5,7 dias para machos e 6,2 dias para fêmea). A oviposição foi mais baixa a 20 °C. A temperatura de 25 °C foi a mais adequada para a fertilidade (27,9 ovos). Os parâmetros obtidos na tabela de vida de fertilidade foram progressivamente maiores com o aumento da temperatura. O oposto ocorreu com a duração média de uma geração.

The biology of Polyphagotarsonemuslatus (Banks) was studied in sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum at 20, 25, and 30 ºC. An inverse relationship between P. latus developmental period and temperature was observed for all stages of the white mite life cycle. Duration of eggs-adults period was the greatest at 20 ºC (5.7 d for males and 6.2 d for females). Oviposition was lower at 20 ºC. The most suitable temperature for fertility was 25 °C (27.9 eggs). The parameters obtained from fertility life table were progressively higher with the increase in temperature, but the opposite ocurred with the mean duration of a generation.