Abstract Aim: Polymorphisms in the COMT gene can alter enzymatic functions, raising levels of endogenous catecholamines, which stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors related to pain. This study aimed to evaluate whether a polymorphism in the COMT gene (rs4818) is associated with dental pain in children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 731 pairs of children and parents randomly selected from a population-based sample of eight-year-old children. Reports of dental pain was evaluated using a question directed at the parents and self-reported pain using the Faces Pain Scale – Revised. Dental caries experience was determined using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. For genetic analysis, DNA was obtained from oral mucosa epithelial cells of 352 children randomly selected from the initial sample. Results: Children with the CC genotype had higher odds of reporting moderate to intense pain than those with the GG genotype (OR=3.60; 95% CI=0.80–16.20; p=0.03). These same children had greater odds of parental reports of pain (OR=1.93; 95% CI=0.91-4.08; p=0.02). Moreover, lower schooling of parents/guardians and caries experience in the primary dentition were significantly associated with greater odds of a parental report of dental pain (OR=2.06; 95% CI=1.47–2.91; p<0.001; OR=6.26; 95% CI=4.46–8.78; p<0.001). Conclusions: The rs4818 polymorphism of the COMT gene is associated with dental pain. Children with the C allele are more likely to report higher levels of pain. Clinical Relevance: Even though the experience of pain is subjective and multifactorial, this study raises the hypothesis that there is a genetic predisposition to dental pain that should be considered in clinical practice. Aim functions catecholamines betaadrenergic beta adrenergic rs (rs4818 Methodology crosssectional cross sectional 73 populationbased population based eightyearold eight year old selfreported self reported Revised Decayed Missing DMFT (DMFT index analysis 35 Results OR=3.60 OR360 OR 3 60 (OR=3.60 95 CI=0.80–16.20 CI0801620 CI 0 80 16 20 p=0.03. p003 p p=0.03 . 03 p=0.03) OR=1.93 OR193 1 93 (OR=1.93 CI=0.914.08 CI091408 CI=0.91 4.08 91 4 08 CI=0.91-4.08 p=0.02. p002 p=0.02 02 p=0.02) Moreover parentsguardians guardians OR=2.06 OR206 2 06 (OR=2.06 CI=1.47–2.91 CI147291 47 p<0.001 p0001 001 OR=6.26 OR626 6 26 CI=4.46–8.78 CI446878 46 8 78 p<0.001. p<0.001) Conclusions rs481 Relevance multifactorial practice (rs481 7 OR=3.6 OR36 (OR=3.6 9 CI=0.80–16.2 CI080162 p00 p=0.0 OR=1.9 OR19 (OR=1.9 914 CI=0.914.0 CI09140 CI091 CI=0.9 408 4.0 CI=0.91-4.0 OR=2.0 OR20 (OR=2.0 CI=1.47–2.9 CI14729 p<0.00 p000 00 OR=6.2 OR62 CI=4.46–8.7 CI44687 rs48 (rs48 OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. CI=0.80–16. CI08016 p0 p=0. OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. CI=0.914. CI0914 CI09 CI=0. 40 4. CI=0.91-4. OR=2. OR2 (OR=2. CI=1.47–2. CI1472 p<0.0 OR=6. OR6 CI=4.46–8. CI4468 rs4 (rs4 OR=3 (OR=3 CI=0.80–16 CI0801 p=0 OR=1 (OR=1 CI=0.914 CI0 CI=0 CI=0.91-4 OR=2 (OR=2 CI=1.47–2 CI147 p<0. OR=6 CI=4.46–8 CI446 (rs OR= (OR= CI=0.80–1 CI080 p= CI= CI=0.91- CI=1.47– CI14 p<0 CI=4.46– CI44 (OR CI=0.80– CI08 CI=1.47 CI1 p< CI=4.46 CI4 CI=0.80 CI=1.4 CI=4.4 CI=0.8 CI=1. CI=4. CI=1 CI=4

Abstract Associations between the WNT5A rs566926 variant and non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOC) have been reported in different populations. Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the rs566926 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in WNT5A and its interactions with SNPs in BMP4, FGFR1, GREM1, MMP2, and WNT3 in the occurrence of NSOC in a Brazilian population. Methodology A case-control genetic association study was carried out involving participants from four regions of Brazil, totaling 801 patients with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P), 273 patients with cleft palate only (NSCPO), and 881 health volunteers without any congenital condition (control). Applying TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, we evaluated WNT5A rs566926 in an ancestry-structured multiple logistic regression analysis, considering sex and genomic ancestry as covariates. Interactions between rs566926 and variants in genes involved in the WNT5A signaling pathway (BMP4, FGFR1, GREM1, MMP2, and WNT3) were also explored. Results WNT5A rs566926 was significantly associated with an increased risk of NSCL±P, particularly due to a strong association with non-syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO), in which the C allele increased the risk by 32% (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04–1.67, p=0.01). According to the proportions of European and African genomic ancestry, the association of rs566926 reached significant levels only in patients with European ancestry. Multiple interactions were detected between WNT5A rs566926 and BMP4 rs2071047, GREM1 rs16969681 and rs16969862, and FGFR1 rs7829058. Conclusion The WNT5A rs566926 polymorphism was associated with NSCL±P, particularly in individuals with NSCLO and high European ancestry. Epistatic interactions involving WNT5A rs566926 and variants in BMP4, GREM1, and FGFR1 may contribute to the risk of NSCL±P in the Brazilian population. WNTA WNT rs rs56692 nonsyndromic non syndromic (NSOC populations SNP (SNP BMP FGFR GREM MMP2 MMP population casecontrol case control Brazil 80 NSCLP , NSCL P (NSCL±P) 27 NSCPO, NSCPO (NSCPO) 88 control. . (control) assays ancestrystructured structured analysis covariates (BMP4 explored NSCLO, (NSCLO) 32 OR (OR 132 1 1.32 95 CI 104167 04 67 1.04–1.67 p=0.01. p001 p p=0.01 0 01 p=0.01) rs2071047 rs1696968 rs16969862 rs7829058 rs5669 8 (NSCL±P 2 (NSCPO (control (BMP (NSCLO 3 13 1.3 9 10416 6 1.04–1.6 p00 p=0.0 rs207104 rs169696 rs1696986 rs782905 rs566 1. 1041 1.04–1. p0 p=0. rs20710 rs16969 rs169698 rs78290 rs56 104 1.04–1 p=0 rs2071 rs1696 rs7829 rs5 10 1.04– p= rs207 rs169 rs782 1.04 rs20 rs16 rs78 1.0 rs2 rs1 rs7

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether polymorphisms in SOD2 and SOD3 genes modulate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Para athletes with dental caries experience. The cross-sectional study included 264 Para athletes (143 in athletics, 61 in weightlifting and 60 in swimming). A trained and calibrated team recorded the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT). The Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure OHRQoL. Genomic DNA was extracted from the athletes’ saliva, and genetic polymorphisms in the SOD2 (rs5746136 and rs10370) and SOD3 (rs2855262 and rs13306703) genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. A multivariate General Linear Model analysis, adjusted for sex, revealed that the SOD3 gene polymorphism (rs2855262) had a significant effect on the psychological disability domain [codominant (p = 0.045) and recessive (p=0.038) models]. The SOD2 gene polymorphism (rs5746136) had a significant effect on the total OHIP-14 score [dominant model (p = 0.038)] and the psychological discomfort [dominant model (p = 0.034)] and physical disability [codominant model (p=0.037)] domains. Presence of the SOD2 rs10370 polymorphism led to statistical differences in the total score [codominant (p = 0.026) and dominant (p = 0.023) models] and the handicap domain scores [codominant (p = 0.027) and dominant (p = 0.032) models]. Polymorphisms of the SOD2 and SOD3 genes may be important biomarkers of OHRQoL in Para athletes with dental caries experience. SOD healthrelated health related (OHRQoL experience crosssectional cross sectional 26 143 (14 athletics 6 swimming. swimming . swimming) decayed DMFT. DMFT (DMFT) OHIP14 OHIP 14 (OHIP-14 saliva rs5746136 rs (rs574613 rs2855262 (rs285526 rs13306703 realtime real time reaction performed analysis sex codominant p 0.045 0045 0 045 p=0.038 p0038 038 (p=0.038 models. models OHIP-1 0.038 0038 0.038) 0.034 0034 034 0.034) p=0.037 p0037 037 (p=0.037) domains rs1037 0.026 0026 026 0.023 0023 023 0.027 0027 027 0.032 0032 032 2 (1 (DMFT OHIP1 1 (OHIP-1 rs574613 (rs57461 rs285526 (rs28552 rs1330670 0.04 004 04 p=0.03 p003 03 (p=0.03 OHIP- 0.03 003 (p=0.037 rs103 0.02 002 02 ( (OHIP- rs57461 (rs5746 rs28552 (rs2855 rs133067 0.0 00 p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 rs10 (OHIP rs5746 (rs574 rs2855 (rs285 rs13306 0. p=0. p0 (p=0. rs1 rs574 (rs57 rs285 (rs28 rs1330 p=0 (p=0 rs57 (rs5 rs28 (rs2 rs133 p= (p= rs5 (rs rs2 rs13

Abstract Objective Many genes and signaling molecules are involved in orthodontic tooth movement, with mechanically and hypoxically stabilized HIF-1α having been shown to play a decisive role in periodontal ligament signaling during orthodontic tooth movement. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to investigate if genetic polymorphisms in HIF1A (Hypoxia-inducible factor α-subunits) influence the expression pattern of HIF-1α protein during simulated orthodontic compressive pressure. Methodology Samples from human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were used and their DNA was genotyped using real time Polymerase chain reaction for the genetic polymorphisms rs2301113 and rs2057482 in HIF1A . For cell culture and protein expression experiments, six human periodontal ligament fibroblast cell lines were selected based on the patients’ genotype. To simulate orthodontic compressive pressure in fibroblasts, a 2 g/cm2 force was applied under cell culture conditions for 48 hours. Protein expression was evaluated by Western Blot. Paired t-tests were used to compare HIF-1α expression with and without compressive pressure application and unpaired t-tests were used to compare expression between the genotypes in rs2057482 and rs2301113 (p<0.05). Results The expression of HIF-1α protein was significantly enhanced by compressive pressure application regardless of the genotype (p<0.0001). The genotypes in the genetic polymorphisms rs2301113 and rs2057482 were not associated with HIF-1α protein expression (p>0.05). Conclusions Our study confirms that compressive pressure application enhances HIF-1α protein expression. We could not prove that the genetic polymorphisms in HIF1A affect HIF-1α protein expression by periodontal ligament fibroblasts during simulated orthodontic compressive force. movement HIF1α HIFα HIF 1α α Thus HIFA A Hypoxiainducible Hypoxia inducible αsubunits subunits α-subunits rs rs230111 rs205748 experiments patients gcm2 gcm g cm2 cm g/cm 4 hours Blot ttests t tests p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) p<0.0001. p00001 p<0.0001 0001 (p<0.0001) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) rs23011 rs20574 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0000 p<0.000 000 (p<0.0001 p>0.0 (p>0.05 rs2301 rs2057 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.000 p>0. (p>0.0 rs230 rs205 p<0 (p<0. (p<0.00 p>0 (p>0. rs23 rs20 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 rs2 (p< (p> (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a perda de peso (PP) de pacientes com deformidades dentofaciais após cirurgia ortognática monomaxilar e bimaxilar. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal prospectivo em 69 pacientes com deformidade dentofacial submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico-ortodôntico. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: cirurgia ortognática monomaxilar e bimaxilar. Foi realizada avaliação nutricional pré-operatória de acordo com o IMC. Foi calculada a porcentagem de PP involuntária entre o pré e o pós-operatório (PO). A coleta de dados foi realizada no pré-operatório e aos 10, 40 e 90 dias PO. A análise estatística foi realizada no software SPSS v. 17.0, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: De acordo com o IMC, os indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia monomaxilar apresentaram: baixo peso = 2,6%, peso normal = 51,3%, sobrepeso = 35,9% e obesidade = 10,3%. Entre os indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia bimaxilar, 43,3% estavam com peso normal, 36,7% estavam com sobrepeso e 20% eram obesos. O IMC foi semelhante em todos os períodos (pré-operatório, p= 0,237; 10 dias PO, p= 0,325; 40 dias PO, p= 0,430; e 90 dias PO, p= 0,609). Todos os pacientes perderam peso no pós-operatório. A PP foi semelhante entre os tempos de PO (p= 0,163). Conclusões: A cirurgia ortognática monomaxilar ou bimaxilar pode causar redução do peso corporal e diminuição no IMC, mas não há diferença estatisticamente significativa entre esses dois tipos de cirurgia em relação à PP e ao IMC. Objetivo (IMC (PP Métodos 6 cirúrgicoortodôntico. cirúrgicoortodôntico cirúrgico ortodôntico. ortodôntico cirúrgico-ortodôntico grupos préoperatória operatória pósoperatório pós operatório . (PO) préoperatório 4 9 v 170 17 0 17.0 95 95% Resultados apresentaram 26 2 2,6% 513 51 3 51,3% 359 35 35,9 103 10,3% 433 43 43,3 367 36 7 36,7 20 obesos préoperatório, operatório, (pré-operatório p 0,237 0237 237 1 0,325 0325 325 0,430 0430 430 0,609. 0609 0,609 609 0,609) pósoperatório. operatório. (p 0,163. 0163 0,163 163 0,163) Conclusões (PO 17. 2,6 5 51,3 35, 10,3 43, 36, 0,23 023 23 0,32 032 32 0,43 043 060 0,60 60 016 0,16 16 2, 51, 0,2 02 0,3 03 0,4 04 06 0,6 01 0,1 0,

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the body mass index (BMI) and the weight loss (WL) in patients with dentofacial deformities who underwent monomaxillary versus bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 69 patients with dentofacial deformities who underwent surgical orthodontic treatment. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of orthognathic surgery: monomaxillary or bimaxillary. A preoperative nutritional assessment based on BMI was performed; the percentage of involuntary WL between the preoperative and postoperative periods was also calculated. Data were collected at preoperative and 10, 40, and 90 days postoperative (PO). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), and data are reported with 95% confidence interval. Results: According to BMI, patients who underwent monomaxillary surgery presented: underweight = 2.6%, normal weight = 51.3%, overweight = 35.9%, and obese = 10.3%. The subjects who underwent bimaxillary surgery presented: normal weight = 43.3%, overweight = 36.7%, and obese = 20%. BMI was similar between the groups at all time points (preoperative, p= 0.237; 10 days PO, p= 0.325; 40 days PO, p= 0.430; and 90 days PO, p= 0.609). All patients lost weight postoperatively, and WL was similar among the PO measurements (p= 0.163). Conclusions: Although both monomaxillary and bimaxillary orthognathic surgeries resulted in WL and lower BMI, there was no statistically significant difference in these metrics between the two types of surgery. Objective (BMI (WL Methods 6 treatment calculated 9 PO. . (PO) 170 17 0 17. IBM Corp Corp. Armonk NY USA, USA , USA) 95 interval Results presented 26 2 2.6% 513 51 3 51.3% 359 35 35.9% 103 10.3% 433 43 43.3% 367 36 7 36.7% 20 20% preoperative, (preoperative p 0.237 0237 237 1 0.325 0325 325 4 0.430 0430 430 0.609. 0609 0.609 609 0.609) postoperatively (p 0.163. 0163 0.163 163 0.163) Conclusions (PO 2.6 5 51.3 35.9 10.3 43.3 36.7 0.23 023 23 0.32 032 32 0.43 043 060 0.60 60 016 0.16 16 2. 51. 35. 10. 43. 36. 0.2 02 0.3 03 0.4 04 06 0.6 01 0.1 0.

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) with sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and oral conditions in adolescents. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was developed with 89 adolescents between 13 to 18 years. TMD diagnosis was obtained by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disease (RDC/TMD) Axis I. Diagnoses of chronic pain, depression, presence of non-specific physical symptoms, including pain and anxiety, were obtained by the RDC/TMD Axis II. The feeling of happiness was measured by the Subjective Happiness Scale. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Patients were examined for dental caries, dental trauma, malocclusion, and tooth wear. Parents answered a sociodemographic, economic, and general health questionnaire. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, and a logistic regression model was used to assess the association between TMD and the socio-economic, demographic, health-related, and clinical variables. Results: TMD prevalence was 42%. TMD was associated to skin color (p=0.040), use of medications in the past year (p = 0.020) and previous dental trauma (p=0.030). Also, it tended to be associated with the presence of probable awake bruxism (p=0.053). Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and oral conditions play a role in TMD, with nonwhite adolescents, those who had used medications in the past year and/or had previous dental trauma having a greater chance of present this disorder.

Abstract Objective: To assess the knowledge of Brazilian dentists and final-year dental undergraduates concerning COVID-19. Material and Methods: We conducted a self-administered online questionnaire about the symptoms, incubation period, and transmission routes of COVID-19. In total, there were three questions addressing these topics and 15 correct answers, so each participant could score from 0 to 15 points. Besides that, data such as sex, age, education level, years of work experience and place of work were collected. All data were submitted to statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results: 476 participants were recruited. Regarding the respondents' perception of the most common symptoms of COVID-19, 99.4% responded fever, 95.2% cough, and 99.2% dyspnea. About the incubation period, 56.3% answered from 1 to 14 days. About the transmission routes, 98.3% recognized transmission through droplets, 80.3% through direct contact with infected persons, and 70.4% through indirect routes. The median knowledge score was 10 (4 – 14). Regarding the socio-demographic variables, participants aged 30 years or more had a higher score than those aged up to 29 years old (p=0.004). For education level, specialist dentists presented a higher score than undergraduates (p=0.006), general dentists (p=0.048) and Ph.D. (p=0.016). Participants with 15 years or more of work experience had a higher score than undergraduates (p=0.003). Concerning the workplace, participants working in the public sector had a higher score than those working in the private sector or universities (p=0.015). Conclusion: Participants recognized the main symptoms, incubation period, and transmission routes of the COVID-19 virus; however, the knowledge level of specialist dentists, older dentists, more experienced dentists, and dentists working in the public sector was higher than the other participants. Objective finalyear final year COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Methods selfadministered self administered period total answers points that sex age collected 5 Results 47 recruited respondents COVID19, 19, 994 99 4 99.4 fever 952 95 2 95.2 cough 992 99.2 dyspnea 563 56 3 56.3 days 983 98 98.3 droplets 803 80 80.3 persons 704 70 70.4 ( 14. . 14) sociodemographic socio demographic variables p=0.004. p0004 p p=0.004 004 (p=0.004) p=0.006, p0006 p=0.006 , 006 (p=0.006) p=0.048 p0048 048 (p=0.048 PhD Ph D Ph.D p=0.016. p0016 p=0.016 016 (p=0.016) p=0.003. p0003 p=0.003 003 (p=0.003) workplace p=0.015. p0015 p=0.015 015 (p=0.015) Conclusion COVID-1 virus however COVID1 9 99. 95. 56. 98. 8 80. 7 70. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 (p=0.006 p=0.04 p004 04 (p=0.04 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.016 (p=0.003 (p=0.015 COVID- p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (p=0.0 (p=0.01 p0 p=0. (p=0. p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

Abstract: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess if genetic polymorphisms in TNF- α are associated with a negative impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children with dental caries. A total of 307 pairs of parents/caregivers and children aged two to five years were selected. The children were clinically evaluated and classified according to caries experience and severity of active caries. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was used to assess OHRQoL. Genotyping analysis of genetic polymorphisms in TNF- α (rs1799724, rs1799964, and rs1800629) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the recessive model, children with the CC genotype of TNF-α (rs1799964) had a significantly high chance of poor OHRQoL in the symptom domain (pain), in both the caries experience (p = 0.045) and the high-severity active caries phenotypes (p = 0.033) (Mann-Whitney U test). It was concluded that genetic polymorphisms in TNF-α are associated with OHRQoL related to the symptom domain (pain), suggesting that TNF-α could be used as a potential biomarker for OHRQoL. Understanding the genetic aspects associated with OHRQoL will allow the early identification of patients with OHRQoL disparities and provide personalized healthcare.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the associations between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and patient-associated factors and polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2) genes in patients with dentofacial deformities (DFD). This cross-sectional study included 234 adult individuals. Data such as age, sex, and the type of facial profile (I, II, or III), were collected, and the short-form oral health impact profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to assess their OHRQoL. DNA was collected from oral mucosa cells, and the polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The data were subjected to statistical analysis at a significance level of 5%. Individuals over 28 years of age exhibited worse OHRQoL (p = 0.003) than individuals aged less than or equal to 28 years. Women had worse OHRQoL than men (p < 0.001). Profile II individuals had worse OHRQoL in the social disability domain than profile III individuals (p = 0.030). Genetic analysis showed that rs9340799 was associated with OHRQoL in the functional limitation domain, and GG individuals exhibited worse OHRQoL than individuals carrying the AA/AG genotypes (p < 0.030). In the social handicap domain, individuals with GG genotype in rs9340799 exhibited worse OHRQoL than AG individuals (p < 0.043). Collectively, our results reveal that factors including age, sex, and type of facial profile, are associated with OHRQoL in patients with DFD. In addition, individuals with the GG genotype in rs9340799 (ESR1) may experience a negative impact on OHRQoL in the functional limitation and social handicap domains.

Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microbial contamination in internal and external walls of cone morse implant walls. Methods Eleven patients with edentulous mandibular posterior area were selected to received dental implants, divided into groups: submerged (S), non-submerged (NS), and immediately loaded (IL). Microbiological evaluations (microorganisms’ number, aerobic and anaerobic colony forming units (CFU) number and microorganisms’ qualification) were divided into internal and external collection of the implant walls, at different stages: T0 (surgical procedure), T2 (suture removal), T4 (reopening S group), T6 (suture removal S group), and T8 (abutment placement in S and NS). All data were submitted to statistical analyses, with confidence level of 0.05. Results There was difference in number of microorganisms observed over time within the same group (p < 0.05). A difference was observed in CFU when evaluated within the same group over time (p < 0.05), except for the IL group. In internal collection, a predominance of non-formation of microorganisms was observed at T0 in all groups, while formation of Gram-positive Diplococci and Gram-positive Bacilli was observed at T8 (p>0.05). In external collection, an increase in number of microorganisms was observed at T0. Conclusion There was no difference in microbial contamination among the evaluated groups. The microorganism’s colonization changed over time.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate if individuals with dentofacial deformities (DFD) who require orthognathic surgery are affected more by depression and pain. A case-control study was performed with 195 individuals. In the DFD group, 145 individuals with Class II and III malocclusion requiring orthognathic surgery were selected. The control group was composed of 50 individuals with no DFD. All patients were diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Data were analyzed with a significance level of 0.05. The DFD group more often presented severe depression (p = 0.020) and chronic pain (p = 0.017). They also presented higher prevalence of Nonspecific Physical Symptoms Including Pain (P = 0.002) and Nonspecific Physical Symptoms Excluding Pain (p = 0.002). Concerning TMD symptoms, the DFD group had more myofascial (p = 0.002) and articular pain (p = 0.041). Therefore, the results of this study suggest that depression and pain are more common in individuals with DFD requiring orthognathic surgery compared with individuals without DFD.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate patient perception of surgical discomfort in third molar surgery and the association with clinical variables and polymorphisms associated with the FKBP5, SLC6A4, and COMT genes. This cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 196 participants aged between 18 and 64 years at the Federal University of Paraná in 11 months. The intensity of surgical discomfort was assessed using the QCirDental questionnaire. Data on surgical and individual procedures were also cataloged. The oral health related quality of life was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14). The DNA sample was obtained from cells of the oral mucosa. Five markers of the FKBP5, SLC6A4, and COMT genes were genotyped. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 5%. Women reported greater intensity of discomfort associated with third molar surgery compared to men (p = 0.001). In the recessive model, the AA genotype of the rs3800373 marker was associated with greater surgical discomfort (p = 0.026). Therefore, women and individuals of the AA genotype for the rs3800373 marker in the FKBP5 gene reported greater surgical discomfort associated with third molar surgery.

Resumo Este estudo visou avaliar o efeito de dois métodos de aplicação local de alendronato e de paratormônio (PTH) no reparo ósseo e avaliar as implicações sistêmicas. Um defeito de tamanho crítico (5 mm) foi criado na calota craniana de vinte e cinco ratos Wistar machos, e o osso removido foi particulado e enxertado de volta no defeito com diferentes tratamentos. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos: A1: imersão do enxerto ósseo em solução de alendronato (3 mg/kg) durante 5 min; P1- imersão do osso em solução de PTH (20 μg); A2- aplicações locais semanais de alendronato 1 mg/kg; P2- aplicações locais semanais de PTH 20 μg; C: não foram utilizados medicamentos. Os animais foram eutanasiados 60 dias após a cirurgia. Foram removidos os blocos ósseos envolvendo a região do defeito para realização das análises histológica, histomorfométrica e imuno-histoquímica. MMP2 e MMP9 foram as imunomarcações utilizadas. Os rins, fígado e cérebro também foram removidos de todos os ratos para análise histológica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística com um nível de significância de 0,05 (One-way ANOVA). A análise histológica revelou que o grupo C e o grupo P2 apresentaram maior quantidade de partículas ósseas viáveis do que as apresentadas pelos demais grupos. Os grupos A1, A2 e P1 apresentaram menos partículas ósseas viáveis em comparação com o grupo controle com predominância de tecido conjuntivo não mineralizado. A análise histomorfométrica não revelou diferenças entres os grupos na área óssea relativa ou em MMP2 e MMP9 (p>0,05). O grupo A2 mostrou presença de gordura no fígado consistente com esteatose hepática. Alterações no tecido cerebral foram observadas nos grupos A1 e P1.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two methods of local application of alendronate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone repair and the systemic implications. A critically sized defect (5 mm) was created in the cranial region of twenty-five male Wistar rats, and the bone removed was particulated, and grafted back to the defect with different treatments. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: A1- bone graft immersion in alendronate solution (3 mg/kg) for 5 minutes; P1- bone graft immersion in PTH solution (20 µg); A2- weekly local applications of alendronate 1 mg/kg; P2- weekly local applications of PTH (20 µg); C- no drugs were used. The animals were euthanized 60 days after surgery. Cranial bone blocks were removed for histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were used for immunolabeling. The kidneys, liver, and brain were also removed from all the rats for histological analysis. The data were submitted for statistical analysis with a level of significance of 0.05 (One-way ANOVA). The group C and group P2 presented a higher quantity of viable bone particles than the remaining groups. Groups A1, A2, and P1 presented with fewer viable bone particles than the control group, with a predominance of non-mineralized connective tissue. The histomorphometric analysis revealed no differences in relative bone area or MMP-2 or MMP-9 immunolabeling between the groups (p>0.05). Group A2 showed presence of fat in the liver consistent with hepatic steatosis. Changes in brain tissue were observed in groups A1 and P1.

RESUMO A combinação da terapia ortodôntica com a cirurgia ortognática é uma modalidade de tratamento bem estabelecida para a correção de deformidades dentofaciais. Quando estas deformidades apresentam maior severidade, envolvendo a hipoplasia do terço médio da face, exigem técnicas cirúrgicas não utilizadas como rotina no tratamento das alterações faciais, como a osteotomias Le Fort III ou as variações destas técnicas. Poucos estudos relatam o uso desta técnica ou de suas modificações em pacientes não sindrômicos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar uma resolução ortodôntica-cirúrgica de um paciente apresentando deformidade de face com má-oclusão Classe III severa, envolvendo hipoplasia do terço médio facial, com a realização de uma técnica modificada da osteotomia Le Fort III, associada as osteotomias Le Fort I e osteotomia sagital dos ramos mandibulares. O paciente encontra-se com três anos de acompanhamento pós-operatório, com melhora significativa na sua habilidade mastigatória, sem queixas funcionais, relatando alta satisfação com a estética e melhora na qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT The combination of orthodontic therapy and orthognathic surgery is a well-established treatment modality for the correction of dentofacial deformities. When these deformities are more severe, involving hypoplastic midface, surgical techniques not used routinely in the treatment of facial changes are required, such as the Le Fort III osteotomy or variations of this technique. Few studies have reported the use of this technique or its modifications in non-syndromic patients. This paper demonstrates the orthodontic-surgical resolution of a patient with dentofacial deformity with severe malocclusion Class III, involving midface hypoplasia, with a modification technique of a Le Fort III osteotomy associated with Le Fort I and sagittal of the rami osteotomies. After three years of postoperative follow-up, the patient demonstrates significant improvement in chewing ability, no functional complaints, and high satisfaction with the aesthetics and improved quality of life.

Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant bone disorder caused by a defect in the CBFA1 gene and characterized by skeletal, craniofacial and orodental anomalies. This paper describes the main aspects of a case of CCD from diagnosis and planning to the first step of the interventions. An 11-year-old male patient sought the pediatric dentistry clinic of the Federal University of Paraná (Brazil) with the complaint of the prolonged retention of nearly all his primary teeth. Clinical and imaging exams led to the diagnosis of CCD and the treatment plan was outlined. The first step consisted of the extraction of 4 primary, 2 permanent and 2 supernumerary teeth from the maxilla, followed by palate separation, traction of the impacted teeth and reverse traction of the maxilla. The patient remains in treatment. Clinical follow up as well as the awareness and motivation of the family are important factors in such cases.

La displasia cleidocraneal (CCD) es un trastorno óseo, autosómico dominante, causado por un defecto en el gen CBFA1 y se caracteriza por anomalías esqueléticas, craneofaciales y bucodentales. En este trabajo se describen los principales aspectos de un caso de CCD, desde el diagnóstico y la planificación para la primera etapa de las intervenciones. Un paciente varón de 11 años de edad, concurrió a la Clínica de Odontología Pediátrica de la Universidad Federal de Paraná (Brasil) con un problema de retención prolongada de casi todos sus dientes de leche. Se describen los exámenes clínicos y de imagen dirigidos al diagnóstico de la CCD y el plan de tratamiento. La primera etapa consistió en la extracción de cuatro dientes primarios, dos dientes permanentes y dos dientes supernumerarios del maxilar, seguido de separación del paladar, tracción de los dientes afectados y tracción inversa del maxilar. El paciente permanece en tratamiento. El seguimiento clínico, así como la concientización y motivación de la familia son factores importantes en este tipo de casos.