Abstract This study aimed to investigate the association between Oral Health Literacy (OHL) and dental outcomes. A sample of 920 adults above 18 years of age living in areas covered by 10 Family Health Units (FHUs) in a large city in São Paulo state, Brazil, was included. OHL was assessed using the short-form Health Literacy in Dentistry Scale (HeLD-14). Data on sociodemographic factors, oral health, and general health were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The investigated outcomes “tooth loss” and “reason for the last dental appointment” were evaluated using self-reported data. Simple logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between each independent factor and outcomes. Factors that presented a significance level of ≤0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in the hierarchical multiple logistic regression models. Participants with an education level up to high school, low OHL, and poor/fair self-rated oral health had 1.35 (95%CI, 1.01-1.80), 1.48 (95%CI, 1.12-1.95), and 1.46 (95%CI, 1.11-1.92) times more probability to report missing teeth, respectively. Adults from families with lower monthly income, low OHL, and poor/fair self-rated oral health had 1.70 (95%CI, 1.29-2.26), 1.89 (95%CI, 1.42-2.51), and 1.73 (95%CI, 1.30-2.30) times more chance, respectively, to have gone to the last dental appointment due to pain or caries. Adults with low OHL levels are more likely to have missing teeth and have gone to the last dental visit for pain, reinforcing the importance of OHL as an important determinant for promoting oral health.

Resumo A água de reúso é um recurso proveniente de efluentes tratados e pode ser uma fonte alternativa de água para agricultura. No entanto, é importante a avaliação da sua qualidade para não causar agravos a saúde ambiental e humana. O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade sanitária (bacteriológica, físicas e químicas) de amostras de água de reúso para irrigação da agricultura, de acordo com padrões estabelecidos em normativas brasileiras e internacional. Foram realizadas análises bacteriológicas, sendo os resultados comparados com a norma da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas NBR nº 13.969/1997. E foram feitas análises físicas e químicas das amostras de água de reúso, sendo os resultados comparados com os padrões das normativas: Resolução do Conselho Estadual de Meio Ambiente do Ceará nº 2 de 2017; Resolução do Conselho Estadual de Recursos Hídricos da Bahia nº 75 de 2010; e “Guidelines for Water Reuse” from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - EPA. As análises bacteriológicas mostraram que as amostras “clorada” e “polida” estavam próprias para agricultura, de acordo com as normativas brasileiras. No entanto a amostra “biológica” estava imprópria para uso, apresentando nível elevado de coliformes termotolerantes (25,800 CFU/mL). Segundo as análises bacteriológicas e físico-químicas apenas a amostra de reúso “polida” estava própria para reúso agrícola. O estudo mostrou a importância da forma de tratamento de água de reúso para qualidade sanitária da água, e isso é fundamental a criação de lei federal de reúso agrícola, a fim de evitar danos à saúde humana e ambiental.

Abstract Reused water is produced from treated effluents, and can be an alternative source of water for agriculture. However, its quality must be assessed to avoid causing damage to human and environmental health. This study evaluated the sanitary quality (bacteriological and physicochemical) of reused water samples for agricultural irrigation, compared with those described in Brazilian and international regulations. Bacteriological analyses were performed, and the results were compared with the norm of the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms (ABNT) NBR nº 13.969/1997. Physical and chemical analyses of the reused water samples were carried out, and the results were compared with the standards described by regulations: Resolution of the State Council for the Environment of Ceará No. 2 of 2017; Resolution of the Bahia State Water Resources Council No. 75 of 2010; and “Guidelines for Water Reuse” from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - EPA. According to Brazilian regulations, bacteriological analyses showed that the "chlorinated" and "polished" samples were suitable for agriculture. However, the “biological" sample was unsuitable for use, and showed a high level of thermotolerant coliforms (25.800 CFU / mL). According to bacteriological and physical-chemical analyses, the “polished” sample was only proper for agriculture irrigation. Therefore, the work suggests the creation of federal law regarding agricultural reuse to control the sanitary quality of water for human and environmental health.

"Híbridos" de Biomphalaria tenagophila provenientes dos cruzamentos de linhagens albinas de Belo Horizonte (BH) ou de Joinvile (SC), com melânicos de Cabo Frio (CF), do Taim (Ta) ou de Curitiba (PR), submetidos à infecção pela cepa do Schistosoma mansoni de Belo Horizonte (=LE), apresentaram os seguintes resultados: em F1, os "híbridos" TaSC, PRSC e CFTa exibiram taxas de 4,5%, 12,5% e 11,2% de suscetibilidade; em F2, todos os "híbridos" foram negativos e em F3, um exemplar albino, filho de (CFBH) ². TaBH se infectou com a LE. Dentre os controles, a B. glabrata apresentou taxas de 66,7 a 93,6% de suscetibilidade à LE e a B. tenagophila de Joinvile exibiu taxas de infecção de 17,1 e 33,3% pela cepa SJ; e os "híbridos" BHTa e BHCF, taxas de 6,0 a 53,8% também pela cepa SJ. Houve grande influência da linhagem materna nas taxas de suscetibilidade. Devido ao fato de descendentes do cruzamento de linhagens refratárias a LE (CF, Ta e BH), terem se infectado, é recomendado o uso de "híbridos" para a detecção de gens de suscetibilidade em tais linhagens. São ainda discutidas, a necessidade do uso de maior número de miracídios nos testes de infecção e a falta de relação entre a freqüência de contatos parasitas-hospedeiros e as taxas de infectividade. Considerando que estas dependem de características genéticas preexistentes na população, a cepa LE seria uma variedade genética (ou raça) distinta da cepa SJ, dotada de pouca aptidão em infectar as diversas populações de B. tenagophila, exceto a de Joinvile (SC).

Biomphalaria tenagophila "hybrids" originating from the crossing of albino strains from Belo Horizonte (BH) or from Joinvile (SC with melanic specimens from Cabo Frio (CF), Taim (Ta) or from Curitiba (PR), submitted to infection with Schistosoma mansoni (LE strain, Belo Horizonte, MG), presented the following results: in F1, TaSC, PRSC and CFTa "hybrids" showed susceptibility rates of 4.5%, 12.5%, and 11.2%, respectively; in F2, all "hybrids" were shown negative, and in F3, only one albino specimen (CFBH)². TaBH offspring was infected with LE strain. As far as controls were concerned, B. glabrata showed susceptibility rates of 66.7% and 93.6% to LE strain; B. tenagophila from Joinvile presented 17.1% and 33.3% to SJ strain, and BHTa and BHCF hybrids showed 6.0% to 53.8% to SJ strain too. It was noted a great influence of mother strain on susceptibility rates. Since the offsprings originating from crossing of unsusceptible strains to LE (CF, Ta and BH) were infected, the use of hybrids to defect susceptibility gens in such strains is discussed. Further, the necessity of the use of a greater number of miracidia in infection tests, and the lack of correlation between the frequency of host-parasite contacts and infectivity rates are discussed. Considering the fact that those infectivity rates are dependent on genetic characteristics, previously existing in the population, and not on the frequency of contacts, LE strain could be a genetic variety (or race) different from SJ strain, endowed with little ability to infect different populations of B. tenagophila, except for that from Joinvile (SC).