Resumen Las micotoxinas contaminan los productos agrícolas, que a su vez contaminan a los animales. Estas toxinas pueden dañar órganos vitales, como el hígado y el tejido epitelial. Entre estas micotoxinas se encuentran la aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) y el ácido ciclopiazónico (CPA), que pueden hallarse simultáneamente en los alimentos. En los pollos de engorde, la micotoxicosis tiene un impacto económico debido a varios factores, como la baja tasa de conversión alimenticia, la incidencia de otras enfermedades y la interferencia de la capacidad reproductiva, que pueden llevar a un problema de salud pública. El objetivo de la presente investigación es la de evaluar histológicamente, a través del método “I See Inside” (ISI), los efectos nocivos sobre el hígado, duodeno, yeyuno e íleon de pollos de engorde en presencia de AFB1 y CPA de forma aislada y simultánea. Los grupos desafiados con micotoxinas presentaron un daño significativo tanto en el intestino como en los fragmentos del hígado. Todos los grupos tratados tuvieron alteraciones en los parámetros analizados para el epitelio intestinal. En el hígado, AFB1 fue predominantemente dañino cuando los parámetros se analizaron por separado, pero al examinar la puntuación ISI total, también se encontró que el CPA era perjudicial para este órgano. Otra cuestión que fue investigada fue la gran variación entre los pesos de las aves contaminadas por micotoxinas mientras el grupo de control negativo presentó una variación menor.

Abstract Mycotoxins contaminate agricultural commodities, which contaminates animals. These toxins can damage vital organs, such as the liver, as well as the epithelial tissue. Among these mycotoxins are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), which can occur simultaneously in food. In broilers, mycotoxicosis has an economic impact due to several factors, such as low feed conversion rate, incidence of other diseases, and interference with reproductive capacity, all of which may lead to a public health problem. The aim of the present study was to histologically assess, through the I See Inside (ISI) method, harmful effects on broiler liver, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in the presence of AFB1 and CPA isolatedly and simultaneously. Groups challenged with mycotoxins showed significant damage to both gut and liver fragments. All challenged-groups in all fragments impaired the parameters analyzed for intestinal epithelium. In the liver, AFB1 was predominantly harmful when the parameters were analyzed separately, but when analyzing the total ISI score, CPA was also found to be harmful to this organ. The other point analyzed was the great variation between the weights of the birds contaminated by mycotoxin while the negative control group presents a lesser variation.

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease. In addition to joint involvement, RA patients frequently have other comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases. Drugs used for RA treatment may increase or decrease the risk of a cardiovascular event. This study aims to analyze cardiovascular risk comorbidities in patients with RA and the correlation with the use of anti-rheumatic drugs. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted based on the real-life rheumatoid arthritis study database - REAL, a prospective observational cohort study. Associations between the use of anti-rheumatic drugs and the presence of comorbidities were represented by their prevalence ratio and evaluated using the Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests. Results: We assessed 1116 patients, 89.4% women, mean age of 55.15 years and predominance of seropositive disease. 63.3% had some cardiovascular comorbidity, predominantly hypertension (49.9%). The use of glucocorticoids was observed in 47.4% of patients and there was a significant tendency of lower use of these drugs in the presence of dyslipidemia (PR: 0.790; p = 0.007). We observed that the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities was associated with higher use of bDMARDs (PR:1.147; p = 0.003). Conclusions: The presence of cardiovascular risk comorbidities was confirmed to be higher in RA patients. Different treatment strategies using less glucocorticoids in the presence of dyslipidemia and more common use of bDMARDs in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities suggest that rheumatologists are aware of the potential influence of the DMARDs in the risk of cardiovascular event. Reinforcing these results, we highlight the need for a better baseline assessment to guide the choice of anti-rheumatic drugs in RA patients who have comorbidities.

ABSTRACT The epidemiology of salmonellosis in poultry is complex, which makes it difficult to identify the origin and spread of this disease in poultry farms. The aims of this study were to characterize the spatial distribution of Salmonella enterica in epidemiological units in Paraná, Brazil; and to investigate correlations between this microorganism and associated factors. Among the epidemiological units, 78 of 243 (32.10%) were positive. Spatially, the northwestern and western regions had higher concentrations of positive cases than the other regions. In bivariate analyses, the presence of other animal species in the epidemiological unit (prevalence ratio, PR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.43–0.95; p = 0.022) and proximity to establishments at risk (PR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.32–0.81; p = 0.001) did not influence positivity, but the average population per poultry shed (between 30,501 and 32,500; PR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.72–3.83; p = 0.001) was associated with Salmonella positivity. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that the average population per poultry shed, presence of surrounding risk-posing establishments and presence of surrounding poultry sheds produced a significant multiple model for S. enterica. The results indicated that the presence of S. enterica may be related to higher density broiler in poultry sheds, presence of surrounding poultry sheds, proximity between positive and negative epidemiological units and altitude of the municipality. The information obtained showed that some factors were related to positivity for this microorganism and emphasizes the importance of serotyping to obtain other epidemiological data.

Abstract Eighty-five Coffea canephora genotypes were evaluated for three crop seasons under irrigation in the Cerrado of the Distrito Federal, Brazil, to characterize the population regarding phenotype, yield and maturation cycle. The experiment was conducted through the Basic Model of Repeatability without Design methodology. Regarding the cycles, genotypes were divided into four groups with the following periods, in days, from resumption of irrigation to the cherry stage: very early (243-255), early (256-267), medium (268-280), and semi-late (281-293). For yield, the repeatability obtained was approximately 33%, a medium value that represents the proportion of the permanent phenotypic variance in relation to the total phenotypic variance. The average repeatability obtained surpassed 59%, and accuracy, with three crop seasons, reached 77%. The selection gains obtained may be higher than 38%. There are promising genotypes for cultivation in the region under study. The mean repeatability and the accuracy obtained favor selection based on phenotypes.

RESUMO A identificação da habilidade competitiva de híbridos de milho e do nível de dano econômico (NDE) ocasionado pelo papuã (Urochloa plantaginea) torna-se importante para a adoção do manejo integrado dessa planta daninha. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a interferência e o NDE de papuã infestante de híbridos de milho. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelos híbridos de milho Syngenta Status VIP 3, Syngenta SX8394 VIP 3, Pioneer P1630H, Pioneer 30F53 YH e Dow 135021 e 12 densidades de plantas de papuã para cada híbrido. Para descrever a relação entre a perda de produtividade de grãos do milho e as variáveis explicativas densidade de plantas (DP), massa seca da parte aérea (MS), cobertura do solo (CS) e área foliar (AF), usou-se o modelo da hipérbole retangular. A determinação do NDE foi efetuada usando-se a produtividade de grãos, custo de controle, preço do milho e eficiência do herbicida. O modelo da hipérbole retangular estima de modo satisfatório as perdas de produtividade de grãos em função da interferência do papuã na cultura do milho. Os híbridos Pionner 30F53 YH e Pionner P1630H apresentaram melhor competitividade e os maiores NDEs. A semeadura dos híbridos Pioneer P1630H, Pioneer 30F53 YH e Dow 135021 aumenta o NDE, justificando a adoção de medidas de controle em densidades mais elevadas.

ABSTRACT Identifying the competitive ability of corn hybrids and the economic injury level (EIL) caused by Urochloa plantaginea is important for the adoption of integrated management of this weed. This work aims to evaluate the interference and EIL of U. plantaginea infesting corn hybrids. Treatments included the corn hybrids Syngenta Status VIP3, Syngenta SX8394 VIP3, Pioneer P1630H, Pioneer 30F53 YH, and Dow 135021, as well as 12 densities of U. plantaginea for each hybrid. We used a rectangular hyperbolic model to describe the relationship between corn grain productivity loss and the explanatory variables — plant density (PD), dry mass (DM) of the aerial parts, ground cover (GC), and leaf area (LA). EIL was determined using grain productivity, control cost, corn price, and herbicide efficacy. The rectangular hyperbolic model provides a satisfactory estimate of grain productivity loss regarding the interference of U. plantaginea in corn culture. The hybrids Pioneer 30F53 YH and Pioneer P1630H presented better competitiveness and higher EIL. Sowing the hybrids Pioneer P1630H, Pioneer 30F53 YH, and Dow 135021 increased EIL, justifying the adoption of control measures for U. plantaginea at higher densities.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: TDP-43 é uma proteína intranuclear envolvida em vários processos celulares. Essa molécula, quando alterada, mostra padrões de distribuição modificados, assim como de funcionamento, ao longo das estruturas do Sistema Nervoso Central. A Degeneração Lobar Frontotemporal (DLFT) e a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) são dois exemplos de proteinopatia de TDP-43. Esses transtornos formam um espectro clínico, com alguns pacientes apresentando um transtorno cognitivo puro enquanto outros também apresentam disfunções motoras. MÉTODOS: Nós estudamos dois cérebros doados de pacientes com diagnóstico de Demência Frontotemporal (DFT), um dos quais se associava com ELA (ELA-DFT). Após fixação e exame macroscópico, foram realizadas análises de amostras. Regiões específicas foram escolhidas para aplicação de imunohistoquímica (IHQ) com anti-Aβ, AT8, anti-α-sinucleina e anti-fosfo-TDP-43. RESULTADOS: Ambos os cérebros foram positivos para anti-fosfo-TDP-43, mas de forma não igualmente distribuida pelas regiões encefálicas. No caso DFT, o cérebro estudado apresentou TDP-43-fosforilada no córtex frontal, hipocampo, córtex entorrinal e mesencéfalo; no caso ELA-DFT, a proteína anormal também foi vista na ponte e no bulbo. O cérebro do caso ELA-DFT foi positivo para Aβ e AT8 no hipocampo e no córtex entorrinal (Braak I e II). DISCUSSÃO: O presente estudo corrobora a hipótese atualmente sustentada pela literatura científica de que essas duas doenças neurodegenerativas possuem a mesma etiologia, mas acometem regiões encefálicas distintas.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: TDP-43 is an intranuclear protein involved in many cellular processes. When altered, it shows a change in pattern of distribution, as well as in functioning, throughout the Central Nervous System structures. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are examples of TDP-43 proteinopathy. These disorders form a clinical spectrum, with some patients having a pure cognitive disorder while others also exhibit motor features. METHODS: We studied two donated brains from patients with a diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), one of which was associated with ALS (ALS-FTD). After fixation and macroscopic examinations, sample analyses were performed. Specific regions were chosen for the application of immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-Aβ, AT8, anti-α-synuclein and anti-phospho-TDP-43. RESULTS: Both brains presented anti-phospho-TDP-43 positivity, but this was not equally distributed throughout the encephalic zones. In the FTD case, the studied brain presented phosphorylated TDP-43- in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and mesencephalon; in the ALS-FTD case, the abnormal protein was also seen in the pons and medulla oblongata. The brain in the ALS-FTD case presented Aβ and AT8 positivity in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (Braak I and II). DISCUSSION: The hypothesis supported by scientific literature that these neurodegenerative diseases can have the same etiology with distinct encephalic region involvement is corroborated by the present study.

Investigations of seed size and number differences among plant populations growing in contrasting habitats can provide relevant information about ecological strategies that optimize reproductive effort. This may imply important consequences for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Therefore, we sought to investigate seed size-number trade-off in Euterpe edulis populations growing in plant communities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Seed dry mass and seed number per bunch were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 in large remnants of the Seasonally Dry Forest, Restinga Forest and Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil, in 20 individuals per site and year. Seed size and seed number varied among forest types, but a seed size-number trade-off was neither observed within nor among populations. Positive association between seed size and number was found in the Atlantic Rainforest, and reduced seed crop was not accompanied by heavier seeds in the Restinga Forest. Seed dry mass declined in 2009 in all three forest types. Compared to seed number in 2008, palms of both the Restinga Forest and the Atlantic Rainforest produced in 2009 higher yields of smaller seeds - evidence of between years seed size-number trade-off -, while the Seasonally Dry Forest population produced a reduced number of smaller seeds. Such a flexible reproductive strategy, involving neutral, positive, and negative associations between seed size and number could enhance the ecological amplitude of this species and their potential to adapt to different environment conditions.

The chemical study of the orchid Maxillaria picta resulted in the isolation of the bioactive stilbenes phoyunbene B and phoyunbene C, in addition to four phenolic acids, one xanthone, steroidal compounds and two triterpenes. Crude extract, fractions, subfractions and the isolated xanthone were evaluated for anticancer activity against human tumor cell lines and against evolutionary forms of T. cruzi and L. amazonensis. The structures of the compounds were determined by GC-MS, and ¹H NMR, 13C NMR spectral methods as well as bidimensional techniques.

O padrão anual de fenologia da frutificação de 23 espécies arbóreas e arbustivas nativas de Fernando de Noronha, PE, Brasil foi caracterizado com o objetivo de orientar a coleta de sementes, de maneira a guiar a implantação de um programa local de restauração. Verificou-se que a maioria das espécies (74%) obteve maiores frequências absolutas de frutificação durante a época de chuvas (janeiro a julho) e 26% durante a época seca, sendo que a frutificação das espécies durou, em média, um mês e meio. O índice de correlação de Spearman apontou uma correlação positiva mediana entre as fenofases estudadas e a precipitação. Os estudos de fenologia da frutificação são estratégicos para o planejamento da coleta de sementes e produção de mudas para a restauração, especialmente onde o processo de Restauração Ecológica está se iniciando e ainda carece de informações, como é o caso de Fernando de Noronha.

The annual pattern of fructification phenology of 23 native species of trees and bushes of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco State, Brazil was characterized with the aim of guiding the seed collection towards the implementation of a local restoration program. It was found that most species (74%) presented higher absolute frequencies of fructification during the rainy season (January to July) as opposed to 26% during the dry season, and the fructification lasted, on average, one month and a half. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a positive correlation between the studied phenophases and the precipitation. This kind of study is strategic for planning the seed collection and seedling production for restoration programs, especially in places where the process of Ecological Restoration is just beginning and still lacks information, such as Fernando de Noronha.

Alternative methods to control invasive fodder grasses are necessary to reduce the use of herbicides in forest restoration, which has been carried out primarily in riparian zones. We sought to investigate if inter-row cultivation of crotalaria (Crotalaria breviflora DC) or pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duschene ex. Poir) with native tree species is an efficient strategy to control invasive fodder grasses in restoration plantings. We tested five treatments in a randomized block design, namely (1) control of brachiaria grass (Urochloa decumbens (Stapf.) Webster) with glyphosate in the implementation and post-planting grass control of the reforestation, (2 and 3) glyphosate use in the implementation and inter-row sowing of crotalaria (2) or pumpkin (3), and control of brachiaria by mowing in the post-planting phase, (4 and 5) mowing in the implementation and inter-row sowing of crotalaria (4) or pumpkin (5), and control of brachiaria by mowing in the post-planting phase. Post-planting grass control was carried out four and nine months after tree seedling planting. Throughout 13 months, we evaluated the percentage of ground cover by brachiaria grass, pumpkin production, and native tree seedling mortality, height and crown cover. The exclusive use of glyphosate, without inter-row sowing of pumpkin or crotalaria showed the most favorable results for controlling brachiaria grass and, consequently, for tree seedling development. Hence, inter-row cultivation of green manure or short-lived crop species is not enough to control invasive grasses in restoration plantings, and complementary weeding is necessary to reduce the highly competitive potential of C4 grasses for supporting native species seedlings growth.

Os microssítios de regeneração são caracterizados por diversas combinações de atributos que representam condições que influenciam a germinação de sementes e o estabelecimento de plântulas. O conhecimento desses atributos pode contribuir para a determinação de metodologias adequadas de manejo, visando ao restabelecimento dos processos ecológicos nas áreas em processo de restauração. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e diferenciar as condições físico-químicas de microssítios de regeneração de áreas em processo de restauração florestal, visando identificar possíveis limitações físicas e químicas ao estabelecimento de espécies arbóreas nativas no sub-bosque. O estudo foi desenvolvido em reflorestamentos de espécies nativas com diferentes idades (10, 22 e 55 anos). Foi realizada a avaliação do grau de compactação, porosidade, umidade, conteúdo de matéria orgânica e nutrientes e granulometria do solo, bem como a massa de matéria seca de serapilheira e a cobertura do dossel de cada área de estudo. Houve aumento da cobertura do dossel, da porosidade, da umidade, do conteúdo de argila, da matéria orgânica e de outros nutrientes, e uma diminuição da compactação do solo, com o aumento da idade da restauração. Assim, conclui-se que, com a evolução da restauração, as condições de microssítio de regeneração estão se assemelhando gradativamente às presentes nos ecossistemas de referência, sendo este um aspecto positivo para que o recrutamento de espécies nativas seja favorecido ao longo do tempo.

Regeneration microsites are characterized by diverse combinations of attributes which assure the best conditions for seed germination and seedling establishment. By understanding these attributes, we can contribute to determining better management methodologies for reestablishing ecological process in sites under restoration. Thus, we sought to characterize and differentiate the micro-site conditions of restoration plantings to indentify likely physical-chemical limitations for the establishment of native tree species in the forest understory. This study was carried out in reforestation plantings with different ages (10, 22 and 55 years). The physical-chemical characterization of the micro-site of regeneration of the study areas was carried out by evaluating the soil compression level, porosity, humidity, organic matter and nutrients content and granulometry, as well as litter dry mass and canopy cover. An increase on the canopy cover and soil porosity, humidity, clay and organic matter content were observed in the oldest restored areas, as well as a decrease in soil compression. Thus, these findings demonstrated that the evaluated microsite properties are in process of restoration. Therefore, microsite conditions for seedling establishment become even more similar to reference ecosystems as restoration planting evolve.

OBJETIVOS: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diabéticos portadores de artropatia de Charcot acometendo exclusivamente o mediopé ou estendendo-se do mediopé ao retropé. Avaliar, a médio prazo, o resultado do tratamento a que esses pacientes são submetidos seguindo um protocolo preestabelecido. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos, retrospectivamente, 88 pacientes (110 extremidades) portadores de artropatia de Charcot do mediopé, com seguimento mínimo de 12 meses. Incluímos os pacientes portadores de artropatia de Charcot acometendo as articulações tarsometatársicas, 45 pacientes (51%); as articulações talonavicular, calcaneocuboide e subtalar, 20 pacientes (23%); e aqueles com envolvimento do mediopé e retropé, 23 pacientes (26%), segundo Brodsky e Trepman. Definimos como sucesso a preservação de um pé funcional e insucesso como amputação do pé. RESULTADOS: O tratamento da artropatia de Charcot envolvendo primariamente o mediopé foram satisfatórios em 75 pacientes (85%) tratados seguindo nosso protocolo. Nos pacientes com lesões graves, acometendo tanto o mediopé quanto o retropé, foi necessário maior número de cirurgias complexas do tipo artrodese para se obter o mesmo índice global de resultados satisfatórios. A lesão osteoarticular originada no mediopé provavelmente estende-se progressivamente ao retropé devido à demora no diagnóstico no início do tratamento adequado. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível preservar uma extremidade funcional em 85% dos pacientes. Lesões graves envolvendo o mediopé e estendendo-se ao retropé necessitaram maior número de cirurgias para o tratamento.

OBJECTIVES: To outline the epidemiological profile of diabetic patients with Charcot arthropathy affecting the midfoot alone or extending from the midfoot to the hindfoot; To assess the results from the treatment that these patients undergo, according to a preestablished protocol, over the medium term. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 88 patients (110 extremities) with Charcot arthropathy of the midfoot. The minimum follow-up period was 12 months. We included 45 patients with Charcot arthropathy affecting the tarsal-metatarsal joints (51%); 20 patients in whom the talonavicular, calcaneocuboid and subtalar joints were affected (23%); and 23 patients in whom both the midfoot and hindfoot were affected (26%), as described by Brodsky and Trepman. We defined the treatment as successful when a functional foot was preserved; and unsuccessful when the foot was amputated. RESULTS: From treating Charcot arthropathy primarily involving the midfoot were satisfactory in the cases of 75 patients (85%) treated according to our protocol. For the patients with severe lesions affecting both the midfoot and the hindfoot, a greater number of complex operations (i.e. arthrodesis) were needed in order to obtain the same overall rate of satisfactory results. The osteoarticular lesions originating in the midfoot probably extended progressively to the hindfoot because of delayed diagnosis with inadequate early treatment. CONCLUSION: It was possible to preserve a functional extremity in 85% of the patients. Severe lesions involving the midfoot and extending to the hindfoot required a greater number of surgical procedures to treat them.

O uso de plântulas da regeneração natural tem sido recomendado como estratégia para produção de mudas visando à restauração florestal, contudo muitos aspectos técnicos desse método ainda carecem de investigação científica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da redução da área foliar e do transplantio imediato na sobrevivência e crescimento de mudas de espécies arbóreas produzidas a partir de plântulas obtidas da regeneração natural. Plântulas de Esenbeckia leiocarpa (Rutaceae), Eugenia ligustrina (Myrtaceae) e Maytenus salicifolia (Celastraceae), obtidas em remanescente de vegetação secundária de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em Bofete, SP, foram extraídas do solo e submetidas aos tratamentos: I) redução de 50% da área de cada folha e transplantio imediato; II) nenhuma redução de área das folhas e transplantio imediato; III) redução de 50% da área de cada folha, manutenção das plântulas em água e transplantio 24 h após a coleta; e IV) nenhuma redução de área das folhas, manutenção das plântulas em água e transplantio 24 h após a coleta. As mudas foram avaliadas com relação à sobrevivência e ao crescimento em altura, ao longo de oito meses. Os resultados evidenciaram que nem o corte das folhas ou a manutenção das plântulas dentro de recipientes com água por 24 h antes do transplantio afetaram os parâmetros avaliados. Assim, para as espécies estudadas a redução da área foliar e o transplantio imediato são desnecessários para a produção de mudas em viveiro a partir de plântulas obtidas da regeneração natural.

The use of seedlings from natural regeneration has been recommended as an strategy for seedlings production aiming at forest restoration but many of its technical aspects still need to be scientifically investigated. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of leaf area reduction and immediate transplant on the survival and growth of seedlings of native tree species obtained from a naturally regenerating forest. Esenbeckia leiocarpa (Rutaceae), Eugenia ligustrina (Myrtaceae) and Maytenus salicifolia (Celastraceae) seedlings, obtained from a secondary remnant of semideciduous seasonal forest in Bofete-SP, Brazil, were extracted from the ground and submitted to one of the following treatments: I) 50% area reduction of each leaf and immediate transplant; II) no leaf area reduction and immediate transplant; III) 50% area reduction of each leaf, maintenance of the seedling in water and transplant 24h after harvest; IV) no leaf area reduction, maintenance of the seedling in water and transplant 24h after seedlings harvest. The seedlings were evaluated according to their survivorship and height over a eight month period. Results evidenced that neither leaf area reduction nor maintenance of seedling in container with water for 24 hours before transplant affected the evaluated parameters. Thus, leaf area reduction and immediate transplant to pots are unnecessary procedures for use in forest nurseries when seedlings are obtained from naturally regenerating forests.

Dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar a eficiência de ácidos orgânicos frente a Salmonella enterica enterica sorovar Enteritidis (SE) e Minnesota (SM) em frangos. No primeiro experimento foram avaliados 3 tratamentos: T1 - ração adicionada de ácido orgânico, T2 - ração adicionada de ácido orgânico e ácido orgânico na água de bebida, T3 - grupo controle. Todos os animais foram inoculados com SE, via oral. A utilização de ácidos orgânicos na ração (T1) e na ração e na água (T2) diminuíram a excreção de Salmonella no papo e no ceco 7 dias pós inoculação com SE e houve redução de células CD3+ no jejuno dos frangos. No segundo experimento foram avaliados 4 tratamentos sendo T1 - controle, T2 - controle inoculado via oral com Salmonella Minnesota (SM), T3 - animais inoculados via oral com SM e ácidos orgânicos na ração e T4 - animais inoculados via oral com SM e ácidos orgânicos na ração e na água de bebida. Ácidos orgânicos a ração (T3) e na ração e na água (T4) reduziram a excreção de SM em papo de frangos de corte desafiados, 7 dias após inoculação. O uso de ácidos orgânicos na ração e na ração e na água foram mais eficientes em reduzir SE do que SM.

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate effectiveness of organic acids against Salmonella enterica enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Minnesota (SM) in broilers. In the first experiment three treatments were evaluated: T1 - feeding with organic acids, T2 - feeding with organic acids and organic acids in drink water, and T3 - control group. All animals were oral challenged with SE. Organic acids in diet (T1) and organic acids in diet and drink water (T2) reduced the shadding of Salmonella in crop and cecum 7 days post challenged with SE and reduced the CD3+ cells in jejunal mucosa of broilers. In the second experiment four treatments were evaluated, T1 - control group, T2 - control group oral challenged with Salmonella Minnesota (SM); T3 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet; T4 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet and in drink water. Organic acids in diet (T3) and organic acids in diet and in drink water (T4) reduced the shadding of SM in crop of challenged broilers, 7 days post inoculation The use of organic acids in diet and in water was more effective to control SE than SM.