Resumen Objetivo: Describir las preguntas empleadas para valorar la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco (HAT) en las encuestas de salud en España. Método: Extracción y análisis de literales de las preguntas sobre HAT de las encuestas de salud de España identificadas en las páginas web del Ministerio de Sanidad, Plan Nacional sobre Drogas y Consejerías de Sanidad de las comunidades autónomas. Resultados: Tres encuestas de ámbito nacional valoran la exposición al HAT, con variabilidad en las preguntas, las respuestas o el periodo de recuerdo. Cataluña en 2022, Galicia en 2018 y el País Vasco en 2018 valoraron la exposición de forma detallada. Conclusiones: Las preguntas orientadas a valorar la exposición autodeclarada al HAT son dependientes de la encuesta. Es necesario disponer de un conjunto de preguntas que permitan valorar la exposición de manera homogénea en las encuestas de salud.

Abstract Objective: To describe the questions used to assess exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Spanish health surveys. Method: Extraction and analysis of the literals of the questions on SHS in the health surveys in Spain identified on the website of the Ministry of Health, the National Plan on Drugs and Health Departments of the autonomous communities. Results: Three nationwide surveys assessed SHS exposure, with variability in questions, responses, and recall periods. Catalonia in 2022, and Galicia and the Basque Country in 2018, assessed exposure in detail. Conclusions: Questions assessing self-reported exposure to SHS are survey-dependent. There is a need for a set of questions to assess exposure in a homogeneous way in health surveys.

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize laparoscopy teaching in Medical Residency Programs in Gynecology and Obstetrics in Brazil, and to evaluate preceptors’ characteristics in laparoscopy programs and map laparoscopic training practice scenarios. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated questionnaire responses from coordinators of the Medical Residency Programs in Gynecology and Obstetrics from 2019 to 2021. Results The questionnaire was sent to 175 programs, and 90 responses were received (51.4%). From the 85 valid responses, it was noted that 67 programs had laparoscopic training. Of the 64 responses received regarding location, 32 replies (50%) indicated the Southeast of Brazil, particularly some country’s capitals. In 37.3% (n=25) of the cases, the program coordinator performed laparoscopy. The chief of the laparoscopy sector has advanced experience in most 52.5% (n=10) medical residency services; the preceptors also had advanced experience in 89.4% (n=59) of the services. Residents received laboratory training in 39.4% (n=26) of the services. In most cases, training was performed using a physical simulator. Of the 26 medical residency services with laparoscopy training outside the operating room, 80.8% (n=21) performed them as part of the curriculum, 61.5% (n=16) had a schedule for the same, and only 3.9% (n=1) were objectively evaluated. Conclusion Laparoscopy teaching in Brazil is heterogeneous, with only a few programs offering any training in laparoscopy. The preceptors had advanced experience and participated in laboratory and operating room training. Only a few programs have their own laboratories or training centers, and most teaching programs do not plan to set up training centers. scenarios crosssectional cross sectional 201 2021 17 9 51.4%. 514 51.4% . 51 4 (51.4%) 8 6 location 3 50% 50 (50% countrys country s capitals 373 37 37.3 n=25 n25 n 25 (n=25 cases 525 52 5 52.5 n=10 n10 10 (n=10 894 89 89.4 n=59 n59 59 (n=59 394 39 39.4 n=26 n26 (n=26 simulator 2 808 80 80.8 n=21 n21 21 (n=21 curriculum 615 61 61.5 n=16 n16 16 (n=16 same 3.9 n=1 n1 1 (n=1 heterogeneous centers 20 202 51.4 (51.4% (50 37. n=2 n2 (n=2 52. 89. n=5 n5 (n=5 39. 80. 61. 3. n= (n= 51. (51.4 (5 (n (51. ( (51

Abstract Objective Gastroschisis (GS) is a congenital anomaly in the abdominal wall with the intestinal loops exiting laterally to the umbilicus. The contact of the loops with Amniotic Fluid (AF) causes an inflammatory process in the exposed part, leading to an extended hospital stay and an increased risk of morbidity due to alterations related to intestinal motility. The authors aimed to evaluate the time of exposure to the AF in the experimental GS and to search for potential biomarkers of intestinal inflammation by measuring microRNAs. Methods Rat fetuses were divided into three groups: a) CONTROL, b) GS reared on day 18 (GS = 18), and c) GS reared on day 19.5 (GS = 19) (term = 22 days). On day 21.5, the fetuses were removed for biometric parameters and biochemical analyses: 1) Biometrics: Body and Intestinal Weight (BW, IW), and intestinal-body weight ratio (IW/BW); 2) Descriptive histopathology and 3) miR-143 quantification by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results BW was higher in CONTROL than GS 18 and G19 (p < 0.05). IW, IW/BW, intestinal water, and mRNA-143 were higher in GS 18 and GS 19 than in CONTROL, and GS 18 was higher than GS 19 (p < 0.05). The average of the inflammation score from the intestinal wall with mucosal inflammation and intra-epithelial lymphocytes shows worst in GS 18 and GS 19 vs. CONTROL (p < 0.05). Conclusions The tissue expression of mRNA-143 and the morphological changes in the intestine of GS worsened according to the time of exposure to AF, which could be a possible marker of fetal intestinal damage. umbilicus (AF part motility microRNAs groups b 1 18, , 18) c 195 5 19. term 2 days. days . days) 215 21 21.5 analyses Biometrics BW, (BW IW IW) intestinalbody body IW/BW IWBW (IW/BW) 3 miR143 miR 143 miR-14 realtime real PCR. PCR (PCR) G G1 p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) water mRNA143 mRNA mRNA-14 intraepithelial intra epithelial vs damage 21. (IW/BW miR14 14 miR-1 (PCR 00 0.0 mRNA14 mRNA-1 miR1 miR- 0. mRNA1 mRNA-

Abstract Background Mindfulness is getting more and more attention from psychological intervention contexts, but also from educational and organizational settings. As a consequence, there also is a growing need for tools to measure mindfulness. Objective The aim of this work is to present the Spanish adaptation psychometric properties of the short version Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), a test based on Buddhist tradition. Method A sample of 543 participants (161 males and 379 females) with age average of 35.27 ( SD = 13.66) and heterogeneous educational and occupational background was studied. Results The scale internal consistency ( α = .86, ω = .87) as well as construct validity evidences can be considered appropriated. Exploratory factorial analyses suggest the FMI items are clustered in two related factors, unconditional acceptance, and full attention, as opposed to the initially proposed unifactorial model. Conclusions the FMI short version can be successfully used for clinical and research purposes although its factorial structure should be additionally tested.

Resumen Antecedentes El mindfulness está cobrando un interés cada vez más creciente desde el ámbito de intervención psicológica, pero también desde ámbitos educativos o laborales. Este interés está suscitando, como consecuencia, la necesidad de disponer de herramientas que ayuden a medirlo. Objetivo Presentar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión corta de la adaptación española del Inventario Friburgo de Mindfulness (IFM) que tiene sus raíces teóricas en la tradición budista. Método Se contó con una muestra de 543 participantes (161 hombres y 379 mujeres) cuya edad media fue de 35.27 ( DT = 13.66), con unos niveles educativos y situaciones laborales heterogéneos. Resultados La consistencia interna ( α = .86, ω = .87) así como otros aspectos relacionados con la validez de constructo pueden considerarse apropiados. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios llevados a cabo apuntan a que los ítems de la escala se agrupan en dos factores relacionados, aceptación incondicional y atención plena, frente al modelo unifactorial planteado inicialmente desde el punto de vista teórico. Conclusiones Consideramos que la versión breve del IFM puede ser utilizada con éxito tanto a nivel clínico como para la investigación y, en este sentido, se sugiere que se siga indagando en la estructura factorial de la escala.

Resumen. Presentamos una extensión en el rango de distribución de Sobralia amabilis, la cual solo ha sido registrada desde la frontera suroriental de Guatemala hasta Panamá y Ecuador. Aquí se detalla su historia taxonómica, descripción y distribución geográfica, junto con fotografías de las plantas in vivo, notas sobre su hábitat y recomendaciones para colectar y preparar especímenes de herbario.

Abstract. We present a range extension for Sobralia amabilis, previously recorded from the southeastern border of Guatemala to Panama and Ecuador. Here, we detail its taxonomic history, description, and geographical distribution, along with photographs of the plants in vivo, habitat notes and recommendations for collecting and preparing herbarium specimens.

ABSTRACT Objective To explore whether there is a possible problem regarding indoor radon concentration surpassing the new European Directive 2013/59/Euratom threshold in Spanish workplaces. We also aim to find out whether radon concentration might be associated with certain characteristics of workplaces. Method We performed a cross-sectional study to measure indoor radon concentrations in Spanish workplaces including five different sectors (education, public administration, the health sector, the tourist sector and the private sector). To be measured, the workplace should be occupied permanently by at least one worker. Alpha-track type radon detectors were placed for at least three months and read at the Galician Radon Laboratory at the University of Santiago de Compostela. A descriptive analysis was performed on radon distribution by sector, building characteristics and number of workers affected. Results We faced enormous difficulties in finding volunteers for this study. Galicia and Madrid had the highest number of measurements. Of a total of 248 measurements, 27% had concentrations above 300 Bq/m3. Median radon concentration was 251 Bq/m3in Galicia, followed by Madrid, with 61.5 Bq/m3. Forty-six percent of the workplaces measured in Galicia had radon concentrations higher than 300 Bq/m3followed by 10.6% in Madrid. Nineteen percent of all workers were exposed to more than 300 Bq/m3and 6.3% were exposed to radon concentrations higher than 500 Bq/m3. Conclusion Indoor radon exposure might be a relevant problem in Spanish workplaces and the number of affected workers could be high. The prevalence of workers exposed to high radon concentrations probably depends on the geographical area.

RESUMEN Objetivo Explorar si podría existir un problema en cuanto a la concentración de radón en los puestos de trabajo en España por superación del umbral propuesto por la nueva Directiva Europea 2013/59/Euratom. También se pretende conocer si la concentración de radón puede estar asociada a las características de los puestos de trabajo. Método Estudio transversal en seis regiones y diferentes sectores (educación, administración pública, sanitario, turístico y privado). El puesto de trabajo medido debía ser ocupado de manera permanente por al menos un trabajador. Los detectores de radón de tipo alfa-track estuvieron colocados al menos 3 meses y fueron revelados en el Laboratorio de Radón de Galicia, de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la concentración de radón por sector, por características de los edificios y por número de trabajadores afectados. Resultados Hubo dificultades para encontrar voluntarios para este estudio. Galicia y Madrid tuvieron el mayor número de mediciones. Se midieron 248 lugares de trabajo, con el 27% por encima de los 300 Bq/m3. La concentración mediana fue de 251 Bq/m3en Galicia, seguida de Madrid con 61,5 Bq/m3. El 46% de los puestos de trabajo en Galicia tenían concentraciones mayores de 300 Bq/m3, y el 10,6% en Madrid. El 19% de los trabajadores estuvieron expuestos a más de 300 Bq/m3y el 6,3% a más de 500 Bq/m3. Conclusión La exposición a radón podría ser un problema de salud relevante en los lugares de trabajo en España. El número de trabajadores expuestos parece elevado. La prevalencia de trabajadores afectados depende del área geográfica.

RESUMEN Objetivo Explorar si podría existir un problema en cuanto a la concentración de radón en los puestos de trabajo en España por superación del umbral propuesto por la nueva Directiva Europea 2013/59/Euratom. También se pretende conocer si la concentración de radón puede estar asociada a las características de los puestos de trabajo. Método Estudio transversal en seis regiones y diferentes sectores (educación, administración pública, sanitario, turístico y privado). El puesto de trabajo medido debía ser ocupado de manera permanente por al menos un trabajador. Los detectores de radón de tipo alfa-track estuvieron colocados al menos 3 meses y fueron revelados en el Laboratorio de Radón de Galicia, de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la concentración de radón por sector, por características de los edificios y por número de trabajadores afectados. Resultados Hubo dificultades para encontrar voluntarios para este estudio. Galicia y Madrid tuvieron el mayor número de mediciones. Se midieron 248 lugares de trabajo, con el 27% por encima de los 300 Bq/m3. La concentración mediana fue de 251 Bq/m3en Galicia, seguida de Madrid con 61,5 Bq/m3. El 46% de los puestos de trabajo en Galicia tenían concentraciones mayores de 300 Bq/m3, y el 10,6% en Madrid. El 19% de los trabajadores estuvieron expuestos a más de 300 Bq/m3y el 6,3% a más de 500 Bq/m3. Conclusión La exposición a radón podría ser un problema de salud relevante en los lugares de trabajo en España. El número de trabajadores expuestos parece elevado. La prevalencia de trabajadores afectados depende del área geográfica.

ABSTRACT Objective To explore whether there is a possible problem regarding indoor radon concentration surpassing the new European Directive 2013/59/Euratom threshold in Spanish workplaces. We also aim to find out whether radon concentration might be associated with certain characteristics of workplaces. Method We performed a cross-sectional study to measure indoor radon concentrations in Spanish workplaces including five different sectors (education, public administration, the health sector, the tourist sector and the private sector). To be measured, the workplace should be occupied permanently by at least one worker. Alpha-track type radon detectors were placed for at least three months and read at the Galician Radon Laboratory at the University of Santiago de Compostela. A descriptive analysis was performed on radon distribution by sector, building characteristics and number of workers affected. Results We faced enormous difficulties in finding volunteers for this study. Galicia and Madrid had the highest number of measurements. Of a total of 248 measurements, 27% had concentrations above 300 Bq/m3. Median radon concentration was 251 Bq/m3in Galicia, followed by Madrid, with 61.5 Bq/m3. Forty-six percent of the workplaces measured in Galicia had radon concentrations higher than 300 Bq/m3followed by 10.6% in Madrid. Nineteen percent of all workers were exposed to more than 300 Bq/m3and 6.3% were exposed to radon concentrations higher than 500 Bq/m3. Conclusion Indoor radon exposure might be a relevant problem in Spanish workplaces and the number of affected workers could be high. The prevalence of workers exposed to high radon concentrations probably depends on the geographical area.

ABSTRACT Introduction It has been reported that peak height velocity could be an important period in body development in athletes. The objective was to examine the peak height velocity and maturity offset in young soccer players and analyze anthropometrical measures relate with body development. Material and Methods Fifty-eight male young soccer players were studied. They were categorized in three diverse age categories, Under-19 (post-peak height velocity), Under-16 (on peak height velocity) and Under-14 (pre-peak height velocity) years old. Height, sitting height, weight, girths and skinfolds were measured to determine peak height velocity, maturity offset and body components. Descriptive statistics means (Standard Deviation) were calculated. One-way ANOVA analyses and Pearson correlations were determined. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results The mean height and weight values were 167.63 (10.52) cm and 60.12 (12.43) kg, the medium fat mass was 13.49 (3.65)%. The average muscular transverse areas for arm, thigh and calf were 41.70 (10.82) cm2, 154.87 (38.02) cm2 and 85.76 (17.67) cm2 respectably. The average PHV was 13.97 (0.53) years and the median maturity offset was 1.00 (1.92) years. Significant differences were found among the three age categories analyzed for the anthropometrical elements and for the maturity offset. Significant correlations between maturity offset and anthropometrical components were obtained. Conclusions In agreement with previous studies, increases on anthropometrical components and muscle areas were reported after the peak velocity. Consequently, peak height velocity and maturity offset should be considered in young soccer players’ management.

RESUMEN Introducción Se ha observado que el pico de crecimiento podría ser un período importante en el desarrollo de deportistas. Objetivo: Determinar el pico de crecimiento y el estado madurativo en jugadores jóvenes de fútbol y analizar medidas antropométricas relacionadas con el desarrollo corporal. Material y Métodos Cincuenta y ocho jugadores se clasificaron en 3 categorías de edad diferentes, Sub-19 (post-pico de crecimiento), Sub-16 (en el pico) y Sub-14 (pre-pico). Se midieron la altura, la altura sentado, el peso, perímetros y pliegues para determinar el pico de crecimiento, el estado madurativo y los componentes corporales. Métodos estadísticos descriptivos (Desviación Estándar), análisis ANOVA de una vía y correlaciones de Pearson fueron calculados. El nivel de significación se fijó en p<0,05. Resultados La altura y el peso medios fueron de 167,63 (10,52) cm y 60,12 (12,43) kg, la grasa corporal media fue 13,49 (3,65)%. La masa muscular transversal del brazo, muslo y pantorrilla fueron 41,70 (10,82) cm2, 154,87 (38,02) cm2 y 85,76 (17,67) cm2. El pico de crecimiento y el estado madurativo medios fueron 13,97 (0,53) y 1,00 (1,92) años. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las categorías analizadas para los parámetros antropométricos y el estado madurativo. Se obtuvieron correlaciones entre el estado madurativo y los componentes antropométricos. Conclusiones Se reportaron incrementos en componentes antropométricos y en las áreas musculares tras el pico de crecimiento. Consecuentemente, el pico de crecimiento y el estado madurativos deberían ser tenidos en cuenta en el manejo de deportistas jóvenes.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a habilidade laparoscópica dos residentes do terceiro ano de residência médica em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia após treinamento em um centro de treinamento e experimentação cirúrgica. Métodos Aplicação de questionário de forma prospectiva analisando dados demográficos, da residência médica, da habilidade, da competência e do treinamento em caixa preta e em porcas. Resultados Após o treinamento, houve melhora da habilidade em laparoscopia de forma significativa na avaliação dos residentes (antes 1,3/depois 2,7; p=0,000) e preceptores (antes 2,1/depois 4,8; p=0,000). Houve melhora significativa na sensação de competência em cirurgias de níveis 1 e 2 de dificuldade. Todos os residentes aprovaram o treinamento. Conclusão O treinamento dividido em 12 horas de caixa preta e 20 horas em animais trouxe melhora na habilidade em laparoscopia e na sensação de melhora na competência cirúrgica em cirurgias laparoscópicas de níveis 1 e 2.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate laparoscopic skills of third-year Gynecology and Obstetrics residents after training at a training and surgical experimentation center. Methods Use of a prospective questionnaire analyzing demographic data, medical residency, skills, competences, and training in a box trainer and in pigs. Results After the training, there was significant improvement in laparoscopic skills according to the residents (before 1.3/after 2.7; p=0.000) and preceptors (before 2.1/after 4.8; p=0.000). There was also significant improvement in the feeling of competence in surgeries with level 1 and 2 of difficulty. All residents approved the training. Conclusion The training was distributed into 12 hours in the box trainer and 20 hours in animals, and led to better laparoscopic skills and a feeling of more surgical competence in laparoscopic surgery levels 1 and 2.