ABSTRACT The conservation tillage systems is based on the surface protection by crop residue and reduced soil disturbance. These two principles can favor the soil quality and promote sustainable agricultural systems. The study was developed with the objective of measure soil microbial biomass, soil basal respiration, enzymatic activity and soybean yield in conservation systems cultivated with cover crops species in the Northeastern Cerrado. The experiment was carried out in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping seasons, performed in a randomized blocks design. The treatments were soil tillage systems allocated in the main plots: no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT) and the cover crops were allocated in the subplots: Pennisetum glaucum (millet), Urochloa ruziziensis (brachiaria), Crotalaria spectabilis (C. spectabilis), Crotalaria ochroleuca (C. ochroleuca), Pennisetum glaucum + Crotalaria spectabilis (millet + C. spectabilis) and spontaneous plants with three replicates. The evaluated variables were dry mass (DM) production and nutrient accumulation in cover crops; soil biological properties, namely microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN, respectively), respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO2), dehydrogenase enzymatic activity (DH), fluorescein diacetate (FDA); and soybean yield. The higher production of dry mass and nutrient cycling occurs with the intercropping millet + C. spectabilis and single millet. The highest soybean yield occurs in succession to C. ochroleuca and intercropping of the millet + C. spectabilis. Cover crops in conservation systems improve soil microbial quality and increase soybean yield.

RESUMO A leishmaniose é uma doença parasitária de distribuição mundial. É causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e é transmitida para animais e seres humanos por meio da picada de flebotomíneos. No Brasil, a leishmaniose é uma das zoonoses de maior importância e expansão. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os achados clínicos, patológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e moleculares de leishmaniose cutânea por Leishmania enriettii em cobaia (Cavia porcellus). Três animais apresentavam lesões nodulares e alopécicas no focinho e orelhas, além de lesões ulceradas nas extremidades distais dos membros pélvicos. Nos machos (2), foi observado espessamento difuso da pele escrotal. Amostras das lesões cutâneas ulceradas foram avaliadas por citologia, nas quais foram observadas formas amastigotas de Leishmania. Um dos animais foi submetido à eutanásia e necropsiado. Na histopatologia, foi observado infiltrado dérmico abundante de macrófagos, plasmócitos, linfócitos e com células gigantes multinucleadas. Numerosos macrófagos continham vacúolos parasitóforos com formas amastigotas, evidenciados por meio do exame de imuno-histoquímica. A caracterização molecular baseada no gene de SSUrDNA identificou a espécie como L. enrietti. O diagnóstico de leishmaniose cutânea nesses casos foi baseado nos achados patológicos e confirmado pelas técnicas de imuno-histoquímica, PCR e sequenciamento.

ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of worldwide spread. It is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted to animals and humans through the bite of sand flies. In Brazil, leishmaniasis is one of the zoonoses of major importance and expansion. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania enriettii in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Three animals had nodular and alopecia lesions on the muzzle, ears and ulcerated lesions on the distal extremities of the pelvic limbs. The males (2) also had diffuse thickening of the scrotal skin. Samples of the ulcerated cutaneous lesions were evaluated by cytology which were observed as amastigote forms of Leishmania. One of the animals was euthanized and necropsied. Histopathology showed abundant dermal infiltrate of macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Numerous macrophages contained parasitoid vacuoles with amastigote forms, evidenced by immunohistochemical examination. The molecular characterization based on the SSUrDNA gene identified the species as L. enrietti. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in these cases was based on pathological findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry, PCR and sequencing.

This study aimed at evaluating the activity of peroxidases after ultrasound and microwave radiation exposure as an alternative to the wastewater treatment improvement. The results showed that after treatment with ultrasound using a power of 30% and a temperature of 55 °C was obtained an increase in relative activity, 129.5% in the enzyme from rice bran, 147.9% in the enzyme from soybean meal and 102.4% in the enzyme from horseradish. Using microwave radiation, the highest relative activity (107.4%) was observed for the peroxidase extracted from rice bran with 10 seconds of reaction time and a reaction temperature of about 50 °C. The data obtained in this study suggest that the ultrasonic bath and microwave are adequate for conducting reactions catalyzed by peroxidases because it was possible to increase their activity during the performed tests. Preliminary tests of enzyme application showed that the highest color removal occurred using 3 mL of the enzyme extract from rice bran and H2O2 concentrations of 40 mg L-1. This condition resulted in a color removal of about 40%.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a invasão por espécies arbóreas exóticas em dois fragmentos (F1 e F2) de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) em Lages, SC. Foram alocadas 25 parcelas por fragmento, distribuídas em cinco transeções de 20 x 100 m, perpendiculares às bordas e com distância de 100 m entre si, onde foram avaliados os indivíduos dos estratos adulto (DAP - diâmetro à altura do peito > 5 cm) e regenerante (DAP < 5 cm e altura >10 cm). Esses foram identificados e mensurados (circunferência e altura). Foi calculado, para as espécies de cada estrato e de cada fragmento, o Índice de Invasão Biológica (IIB). A relação entre o IIB e a distância da borda foi verificada por meio de regressões lineares simples. O agrupamento de espécies exóticas e nativas foi determinado por meio de correlações de Spearman e de dendrogramas. Foram amostrados 3.701 indivíduos distribuídos em 105 espécies, sendo cinco espécies invasoras. No F1 houve valores de IIB relativamente baixos (0,05 e 0,54), com Pinus taeda L., obtendo-se a maior participação na invasão, e esse esteve agrupado com espécies nativas pioneiras. Os IIB´s no F2 foram altos (0,61 e 1,96), principalmente pela elevada participação de Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton., que ficou agrupado a espécies típicas da FOM. Não foi observada relação entre a distância da borda e a intensidade da invasão biológica. Os resultados indicaram que os fragmentos apresentaram diferentes padrões de invasão biológica, determinados pela natureza da matriz de entorno e pelas características ecológicas das espécies invasoras.

This study evaluated the invasion by exotic tree species in two Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (FOM) fragments (F1 and F2) in Lages, SC. A total of 25 plots were allocated in each fragment, distributed in five transects, 20x100 m, perpendicular to the edges and, at least, 100 m apart from each other, where the adult (dbh - diameter at breast height > 5 cm) and the regenerative (dbh < 5 cm and height > 10 cm) component individuals were evaluated. These were identified and measured (circumference and height). For each component and fragment, the biological invasion index (BII) was determined. The relation between BII and the distance from the edge was evaluated by simple linear regressions. The grouping among exotic and native species was analyzed through Spearman correlation and clusters. A total of 3,701 individuals distributed in 105 species were sampled, being five invasive species. In F1 a relative low value of BII (0.05 and 0.54) occurred, with Pinus taeda L. as the most expressive species in the invasion, and it was grouped with native pioneers species. The BII's in F2 were elevated (0.61 and 1.96), mainly due to the expressive participation of Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton., grouped with typical species of FOM. No relation between the distance from the edges and the intensity of the invasion were observed. The results demonstrated that the fragments showed different biological invasion patterns that were determined by the nature of surrounding matrix and the ecological characteristics of the invasive species.