Abstract Objectives The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent lockdowns and social distancing measures adopted worldwide raised questions about the possible health effects of human social isolation. Methods We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases using terms related to human social isolation – defined as the isolation of an individual from regular routines and usual social contact – and psychological stress, searching for simulated or naturalistic isolation environments. We present the main results, as well as the validity and limitations of each model. PROSPERO registry number: CRD42021241880. Results Despite the diversity of contexts reviewed, some outcomes almost ubiquitously relate to psychological stress, i.e., longer periods, expectation of a longer period, confinement, lack of social interaction, and support. Based on the results, and considering that most studies were not designed for the purpose of understanding isolation itself, we propose a group of recommendations for future experimental or naturalistic research on the topic. Conclusion Evidence on the impact of different situations in which individuals are subjected to social isolation can assist in development of directed preventive strategies to support people under similar circumstances. Such strategies might increase the general public’s compliance with social distancing as a non-pharmacological intervention for emerging infectious diseases. 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 PubMed Scopus stress environments results model number CRD42021241880 CRD reviewed ie i e i.e. periods period confinement interaction itself topic circumstances publics public s nonpharmacological non pharmacological diseases 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 CRD4202124188 i.e 2 (COVID- CRD420212418 (COVID CRD42021241 CRD4202124 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Lipases have been used in industrial processes as biocatalysts for transesterification reactions. The synergism between enzymes and magnetic properties may be reached by using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as support to immobilize them in aggregate structures, denominated by magnetic crosslinked enzyme aggregates (MCLEA). One of the advantages of such supports is the possibility of using magnetic separation for enzyme recovery, reducing costs and allowing reuse in continuous systems. Here, porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) was immobilized onto functionalized magnetite support (Fe3O4-APTS) with a protein binding efficiency of 78.84%. Physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles and immobilized lipase were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XDR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, vibrating sample magnetometer measurements (VSM), and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The immobilized lipase additionally exhibited improved stability across wide pH and temperature ranges compared with free lipase. The immobilized derivate also attained good reusability, maintaining 61.37% of its initial activity after 6 reaction cycles. Through magnetic behavior and also because of its surface modification to crosslinking the enzyme, the MCLEA produced in this work has enhanced the biocatalytic activities of PPL. reactions MNPs (MNPs structures MCLEA. . (MCLEA) recovery systems Here PPL (PPL Fe3O4APTS FeOAPTS Fe3O4 APTS Fe O (Fe3O4-APTS 7884 78 84 78.84% Xray X ray XDR, XDR , (XDR) TEM, TEM (TEM) FTIR, FTIR (FTIR) DLS, DLS (DLS) potential VSM, VSM (VSM) reusability 6137 61 37 61.37 cycles (MCLEA FeO Fe3O 788 7 8 78.84 (XDR (TEM (FTIR (DLS (VSM 613 3 61.3 78.8 61. 78.

ABSTRACT The objective was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Guadua lynnclarkiae, Guadua weberbaueri and Guadua superba. Three culms were collected from each species, later they were sectioned into three levels: stump (S), base (B) and over base (O). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (DCA) in a factorial scheme (3E x 3N), being factor E: bamboo species with three levels: a) Guadua lynnclarkiae, b) Guadua weberbaueri and c) Guadua superba; and the N factor: culm level with three sections a) stump, b) base and c) over base, all distributed in three repetitions and 4 test tubes for physical properties. For the mechanical properties, the same experimental design and number of repetitions were used, however, 5 test tubes were used per experimental plot. Thus, the greatest contraction of the culm wall was 23.0% in Guadua lynnclarkiae at the base level. The basic density in the three species was 0.71 g cm-3. In bending, the highest modulus of rupture was recorded in Guadua superba in stump, base and over base with 55.15; 84.49 and 73.97 MPa, respectively. In parallel compression, the MoE and MoR were 11454.35 MPa and 39.50 MPa in the three species and levels. Therefore, Guadua lynnclarkiae and Guadua weberbaueri have adequate physical and mechanical properties for different uses, including civil construction. However, in Guadua superba it is recommended to carry out subsequent studies of rigidity and resistance for its use in the construction of houses in rural and urban areas. levels S, S , (S) B (B O. O . (O) DCA (DCA 3E E 3N, 3N 3N) b c however plot Thus 230 23 0 23.0 071 71 0.7 cm3. cm3 cm 3. 3 cm-3 bending 55.15 5515 55 15 8449 84 49 84.4 7397 73 97 73.9 respectively compression 1145435 11454 35 11454.3 3950 39 50 39.5 Therefore uses However areas (S (O 2 23. 07 7 0. cm- 55.1 551 1 844 8 84. 739 9 73. 114543 1145 11454. 395 39. 55. 114 11

RESUMEN El objetivo fue determinar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de Guadua lynnclarkiae, Guadua weberbaueri y Guadua superba. De cada especie fueron colectados tres culmos, posteriormente fueron seccionados en tres niveles: cepa (C), basa (B) y sobrebasa (SB). El experimento fue conducido en diseño de completamente al azar (DCA) en esquema factorial (3E x 3N), siendo el factor E: especies de bambú con tres niveles: a) Guadua lynnclarkiae, b) Guadua weberbaueri y c) Guadua superba; y el factor N: nivel de culmo con tres secciones a) cepa, b) basa y c) sobrebasa, todos distribuidos en tres repeticiones y 4 probetas para las propiedades físicas. Para las propiedades mecánicas fue utilizado el mismo diseño experimental y número de repeticiones, no obstante, fueron utilizados 5 probetas por parcela experimental. Así, la mayor contracción de la pared de culmo fue de 23,0% en Guadua lynnclarkiae en el nivel basa. La densidad básica en las tres especies fue de 0,71 g cm-3. En flexión, el mayor módulo de ruptura fue registrado en Guadua superba en cepa, basa y sobrebasa con 55,15; 84,49 y 73,97 MPa, respectivamente. En compresión paralela el MoE y MoR fue de 11454.35 MPa y 39,50 MPa en las tres especies y niveles. Por ello, Guadua lynnclarkiae y Guadua weberbaueri poseen propiedades físicas y mecánicas adecuadas para diferentes usos incluyendo la construcción civil. No obstante, en Guadua superba se recomienda realizar estudios posteriores de rigidez y resistencia para su uso en la construcción de viviendas en zonas rurales y urbanas. culmos niveles C, C , (C) B (B SB. SB . (SB) DCA (DCA 3E E 3N, 3N N 3N) a b c obstante Así 230 23 0 23,0 071 71 0,7 cm3. cm3 cm 3. 3 cm-3 flexión 55,15 5515 55 15 8449 84 49 84,4 7397 73 97 73,9 respectivamente 1145435 11454 35 11454.3 3950 39 50 39,5 ello civil urbanas (C (SB 2 23, 07 7 0, cm- 55,1 551 1 844 8 84, 739 9 73, 114543 1145 11454. 395 39, 55, 114 11

Objective: The objective of the present study is to analyze the calf augmentation surgeries performed by the main author, describing patients' clinical characteristics, types of implants used and details of the surgical technique with subfascial pocket. Materials and Method: A retrospective observational study of a series of 19 patients who underwent bilateral calf augmentation for cosmetic reasons in a private clinic in the period 2009-2018. Results: All patients consulted for slim cosmetic legs, an internal calf augmentation was performed with bilateral implants. In 78% of cases, a symmetrical based implant was used and 22% asymmetric based implant. There were 2 minor complications. Discussion: It is necessary to have a greater variety of implants that combine different measures of length, width and projection that are adapted to the variable anatomies of each patient. Conclusions: Subfascial pocket silicone implant technique is satisfactory with good results and few complications. Its success depends on the correct balance between pocket and implant. It seems that there is not yet a variety of adjustable implants for each patient on the market.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las cirugías de aumento de pantorrillas realizadas por el autor principal describiendo características clínicas de los pacientes, tipos de implantes utilizados y detalles de la técnica quirúrgica con bolsillo subfascial. Material y Método: Estudio de tipo observacional retrospectivo de una serie de 19 pacientes que se realizaron aumento de pantorrilla bilateral por motivos estéticos en una clínica privada en el periodo 2009-2018. Resultados: Todos los pacientes consultaron por piernas delgadas de carácter estético y se les realizó aumento gemelar interno con implantes bilaterales subfascial. En 78% de los casos se utilizó implante de base simétrica y 22% implante de base asimétrica. Hubo 2 complicaciones menores. Discusión: Es necesario contar con mayor variedad de implantes que combinen diferentes medidas de longitud, ancho y proyección que se adecuen a las variables anatomías particulares de cada paciente. Conclusiones: La técnica de implantes de silicona en bolsillo subfascial es satisfactoria con pocas complicaciones. Su éxito depende del correcto balance entre bolsillo e implante. Debería existir mayor variedad de implantes ajustables para cada paciente.

Abstract Soil is the base of any ecosystem since it conserves nutrients and water for plant roots including agriculture and plantations. In dry and semi-arid places across the world, including the UAE, sandy soils are common. Their fertility is extremely low, and production is hampered by a number of agronomic challenges. Soil conditioner sources like bentonite and chicken manure might be used to improve the poor sandy soil attributes and hence boost soil productivity. From November 2019 to March 2020, an experiment was conducted to investigate the growth rates of Bougainvillea following bentonite and chicken manure amendments to sandy soil taken from Lehbab, Dubai. Bougainvillea was evaluated for its plant height (cm), max length of primary branch (cm), the number of leaves per plant, number of secondary branches, shoot weight (g), root length (cm), root weight (g), root/shoot ratio, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll a* and b*. In this experiment, a complete randomized design (CRD) with five treatments was used (10 replications per treatment). According to the findings, bentonite and chicken manure additions considerably influence the productive properties of sandy soil, as indicated by Bougainvillea growth. Additionally, the research suggests that Bougainvillea may be efficiently planted with 10% bentonite and 15% chicken manure applied to sandy soil, resulting in the healthiest plants compared to other amendments. plantations semiarid semi arid world UAE common low challenges productivity 201 2020 Lehbab Dubai cm, cm , (cm) branches g, g (g) rootshoot ratio contents b b* CRD (CRD 10 (1 treatment. treatment . treatment) findings Additionally 15 20 202 (cm (g 1 ( 2

Resumo O solo é a base de qualquer ecossistema, incluindo agricultura e plantações, pois conserva nutrientes e água para as raízes das plantas. Em lugares secos e semiáridos em todo o mundo, incluindo os Emirados Árabes Unidos, os solos arenosos são comuns. Sua fertilidade é extremamente baixa e a produção é prejudicada por uma série de desafios agronômicos. Fontes de condicionador de solo, como bentonita e esterco de galinha, podem ser usadas para melhorar os atributos do solo arenoso pobre e, portanto, aumentar a produtividade do solo. De novembro de 2019 a março de 2020, foi realizado um experimento para investigar as taxas de crescimento de buganvílias após bentonita e esterco de galinha em solo arenoso retirado de Lehbab, Dubai. A buganvília foi avaliada quanto à altura da planta (cm), comprimento máximo do ramo primário (cm), número de folhas por planta, número de ramos secundários, peso da parte aérea (g), comprimento da raiz (cm), peso da raiz (g), razão raiz/parte aérea, teores de clorofila e clorofila a* e b*. Neste experimento foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com cinco tratamentos (10 repetições por tratamento). De acordo com os resultados, as adições de bentonita e esterco de galinha influenciam consideravelmente as propriedades produtivas do solo arenoso, conforme indicado pelo crescimento de buganvílias. Além disso, a pesquisa sugere que a buganvília pode ser plantada com eficiência com 10% de bentonita e 15% de esterco de galinha aplicado em solo arenoso, resultando, assim, em plantas mais saudáveis em comparação com outras alterações. ecossistema plantações mundo Unidos comuns agronômicos portanto 201 2020 Lehbab Dubai cm, cm , (cm) secundários g, g (g) raizparte b b* DIC (DIC 10 (1 tratamento. tratamento . tratamento) resultados disso 15 resultando assim alterações 20 202 (cm (g 1 ( 2

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on food surfaces and surfaces in public spaces in 3 districts of Lima, Peru. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in three districts of the Lima metropolitan area. Surfaces that were most exposed to users were selected. Samples were swabbed for 4 weeks and transported to the laboratory to determine the presence of the virus. One thousand ninety-five inert surface samples and 960 food surface samples were evaluated for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 by the real time-PCR molecular test, whereby only one sample from an automated teller machine was positive. Most of the inert and food surfaces evaluated did not show the presence of SARS-CoV-2 during the time of sample collection. Despite the negative results, the frequency of disinfection and hygiene measures on high-contact surfaces should be maintained and increased to prevent other highly contagious infectious diseases.

Abstract The lime-cooking extrusion process depicts a technological alternative; however, it implies suitable combinations of the main extrusion process factors to obtain good quality flour and tortillas. Multi-response optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) was used as a tool to optimize the native pigmented maize lime-cooking extrusion process to obtain flours to develop tortillas with high lipophilic compounds. The effects of extrusion temperature (ET, 65-150ºC) and screw speed (SS, 78-240 rpm) were investigated. The best extruded blue maize tortillas were selected over response variables: Linoleic acid (LA), Oleic acid (OA), Camp- esterol (CP), Stigmasterol (SP), and β-Sitosterol ((SP), where the quadratic predictive developed models were adequate and reproducible inside the specified array of process factors. Appling desirability function, the optimum lime-cooking extrusion conditions to develop extruded blue maize tortillas correspond to ET (119 °C), SS (79 rpm), with a global desirability value (D = 0.906). Values response variables obtained from the predictive models were compared from experimental tests, and a close agreement between both values was observed. Hence, RSM is still convenient for optimization, particularly once used in a mixture with other procedures.

Resumen El proceso de cocción-alcalina por extrusión, representa una alternativa tecnológica, sin embargo, implica combinaciones adecuadas de los principales factores del proceso de extrusión para obtener harina y tortillas de buena calidad. Optimización de respuesta múltiple por metodología de superficie de respuesta (MSR) se aplicó como herramienta para optimizar el proceso de cocción-alcalina por extrusión sobre maíz pigmentado nativo para obtener harinas para elaborar tortillas con compuestos lipofílicos altos. El efecto de temperatura de extrusión (TE, 65-150 ºC) y velocidad de tornillo (VT, 78-240 rpm) fueron investigadas. Las mejores tortillas extruidas de maíz azul se seleccionaron sobre las variables de respuesta: ácido linoleico (AL), ácido oleico (AO), campesterol (FC), estigmasterol (FS) y β-Sitosterol ((FS), los modelos cuadráticos de predicción fueron adecuados y reproducibles dentro de la matriz de factores de proceso. Empleando función de deseabilidad, condiciones óptimas de cocción-alcalina por extrusión para el desarrollo de tortillas de maíz azul corresponden a TE (119 °C), VT (79 rpm) y deseabilidad global (D = 0.906). Los valores de las variables obtenidas de modelos predictivos fueron comparados con pruebas experimentales con estrecha concordancia entre ambos valores. Por lo tanto, MSR es recomendable para la optimización, particularmente en combinación con otros procedimientos.

RESUMEN El estudio, diseño y desarrollo de ciudades inteligentes con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos se ha venido trabajando en varias partes del mundo y Colombia no es ajena a esta realidad. Es por eso por lo que en este documento se presentan los avances obtenidos en la implementación de un prototipo de plataforma para articular desarrollos inteligentes en algunas universidades de la ciudad de Bogotá-Colombia. En primera medida, se presentan aspectos a considerar en el desarrollo de una ciudad inteligente. Para terminar, también se trata la importancia de los entornos virtuales y estudios de ruido, rejillas de sumidero para evitar las inundaciones por lluvia y el uso de la bicicleta como medio alternativo de transporte aplicados bajo el concepto de ciudades inteligentes.

ABSTRACT With the aim of improving the citizens quality of life; the study, design and development of smart cities have been worked in different parts of the world and Colombia is not excluded. Accordingly, this document presents the advances in the implementation of a platform prototype for joining smart developments in some universities from Bogotá-Colombia. First of all, some aspects to consider in the development of a Smart City are presented. Later, the importance of virtual environments and noise studies, the drain gratings to avoid flooding by rain and the use of the bicycle as an alternative means of transport is also shown.

RESUMO Introdução: Sistemas de inteligência artificial são tecnologias promissoras de assistência em saúde, principalmente em subáreas médicas, como a patologia; podem ser utilizados como métodos de suporte para o diagnóstico) histopatológico de nódulos mamários. Objetivo: Este estudo apresenta a metodologia e os resultados da construção de um software de inteligência artificial para análise histopatológica de nódulos mamários. Métodos: O softwarefoi desenvolvido utilizando duas redes neuraispara a sua construção: Inception e MobileNet. O banco de dados utilizado para a aprendizagem das condições analisadas (mama histologicamente normal, fibroadenoma, alteração fibrocística, carcinoma ductal in situ, carcinoma invasivo do tipo não especial e carcinoma lobular invasivo) foi obtido após autorização do site Path Presenter, com 5.298 imagens. As imagens utilizadas para a validação do sistema foram obtidas do Instituto de Patologia de Passo Fundo, totalizando 2.740 imagens. Resultados: O software apresentou sensibilidade de 80,5% [intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%, 71,9%-89,1%] e especificidade de 96,1 % (95% IC, 94,3%-97,8%)para o MobileNet e sensibilidade de 73,8% (95% IC, 52,6%-115%) e especificidade de 94,7% (95% IC, 91,7%-97,7%) para o Inception. Para a diferenciação de condições malignas, obteve-se sensibilidade máxima de 78,7% e especificidade de 95,8%; para diferenciação de condições benignas, a sensibilidade máxima foi de 82,6% e a especificidade, de 97,4%. Conclusão: O software apresentou resultados promissores na análise histopatológica de nódulos mamários, reforçando que, no futuro, a presença de sistemas de suporte de diagnóstico das patologias mamárias pode se fazer presente na rotina do sistema saúde.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Artificial intelligence systems are promising health care technologies, mainly in medical subareas such as pathology, and can be used as support methods for the histological diagnosis of mammary nodules. Objective: This study describes the method and results of the development of artificial intelligence software for the histopathological analysis of mammary nodules. Methods: The software was developed by using two neural networks - Inception and MobileNet. The database used for learning the conditions analyzed (histologically normal breast, fibroadenoma, fibrocystic changes, in situ ductal carcinoma, invasive carcinoma of no special type and invasive lobular carcinoma) was obtained after authorization of the Path Presenter site with 5,298 images. The 2,740 images used for the validation of the system were obtained from the Pathology Institute of Passo Fundo. Results: The present software had sensitivity of 80.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 71.9%-89.1%] and specificity of 96.1% (95% CI, 94.3%-97.8%) for MobileNet and sensitivity of 73.8% (95% CI, 52.6%-115%) and specificity of 94.7% (CI 95%, 91.7%-97.7%) for Inception. For the differentiation of malignant conditions, it obtained a maximum sensitivity of 78.7% and specificity of 95.8%; for differentiation of benign conditions, the maximum sensitivity was 82.6% and the specificity was 97.4%. Conclusion: The present software presented promising results in the histopathological analysis of mammary nodules. It reinforced the idea that in the future the presence of diagnostic support systems in breast pathologies may play a crucial role in health care.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los sistemas de inteligencia artificial son tecnologiasprometedoras en asistencia en salud, principalmente en áreas médicas como la patologia; pueden ser usados para el diagnóstico histopatológico de nódulos mamarios. Objetivo: Este estudio presenta el método y los resultados de la construcción de un software de inteligencia artificial para análisis histopatológico de nódulos mamarios. Métodos: El software fue desarrollado usando dos redes neurales. Se obtuvo la base de datos para el aprendizaje de las condicionas analizadas (mama histológicamente normal, fibroadenoma, cambios fibroquisticos de la mama, carcinoma ductal in situ, carcinoma invasivo de tipo no especial y carcinoma lobular invasivo) después de la aprobación de la página Path Presenter, con 5.298 imágenes. Las imágenes utilizadas para validación del sistema se obtuvieron del Instituto de Patologia de Passo Fundo, totalizando 2.740 imágenes. Resultados: El softwarepresentósensibilidaddel80,5% [intervalo de confianza (IC) 95%, 71,9%-89,1%] y especificidad de 96,1% (95% IC, 94,3%-97,8%) para MobileNet y sensibilidad de 73,8% (95% IC, 52,6%-115%) y especificidad de 94,7% (95% IC, 91,7%-97,7%) para Inception. Para diferenciación de condiciones malignas, obtuvo-se sensibilidad máxima de 78,7% y especificidad de 95,8%; para diferenciación de condiciones benignas, la sensibilidad máxima fue de 82,6% y la especificidad, de 97,4%. Conclusión: El software presentó resultados prometedores en el análisis histopatológico de nódulos mamarios, reforzando la idea de que, en el futuro, la presencia de sistemas de soporte diagnóstico de enfermedades mamarias puede desempenar un papel crucial en la rutina del sistema de salud.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar a capacidade de degradar a matéria orgânica pela macrofauna edáfica (minhocas), a relação carbono/nitrogênio (C/N) e o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), durante o processo da vermicompostagem em diferentes resíduos orgânicos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por resíduos orgânicos de origem animal (esterco bovino, ovino e equino) e vegetal (resíduo de erva-mate e borra-de-café), os quais foram acondicionados em vasos plásticos com capacidade de 10 litros, compondo cinco tratamentos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado, com cinco repetições. Foram inoculadas 150 minhocas da espécie Eisenia foetida, em cada recipiente. Após 87 dias, foi realizada a avaliação da multiplicação das minhocas, através da sua contagem manual e seus casulos. Os resíduos foram submetidos, ao inicio e ao final do experimento, a análises de umidade a 60 °C, pH, densidade volumétrica, análise química de macronutrientes e relação C/N. Houve uma dominância de minhocas e casulos no processo da vermicompostagem nos resíduos de esterco ovino e erva-mate. Observou-se para os macronutrientes (P, K e Mg) e para a relação C/N uma maior quantidade nos resíduos vegetais, enquanto que para N valores maiores foram encontrados nos tratamentos esterco ovino e borra-de-café, e para Ca o maior valor entre os tratamentos foi observado no tratamento com borra de café ao final e o menor valor no inicio. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram a importância da macrofauna edáfica para o processo da vermicompostagem por possibilitar maiores informações sobre sua influência na continuidade dos processos de decomposição da matéria orgânica.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability to degrade organic matter by edaphic macrofauna (worms), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and hydrogenation potential (pH) during the vermicomposting process in different organic residues. The treatments were constituted by organic residues of animal origin (bovine, ovine and equine manure) and vegetable (herb-checkmate and coffee drag), which were conditioned in plastic pots with a capacity of 10 liters, comprising five treatments in a completely randomized experimental design, with five replications. Were inoculated 150 earthworms of the species Eisenia foetida, into each plot. After 87 days, the evaluation of the multiplication of the earthworms was carried out, through its manual count and its cocoons. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the samples were submitted to analysis of humidity at 60 °C, pH, volumetric density, chemical analysis of macronutrients and C/N ratio. There was a dominance of worms and cocoons in the process of vermicomposting in the residues of ovine manure and herb-checkmate. The macronutrients (P, K and Mg) and C/N ratio were higher in the vegetal residues, while for N higher values were found in ovine manure and coffee drag treatments, and for Ca higher value among treatments was observed in the coffee drag treatment at the end and the lowest value at initiation. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the importance of the edaphic macrofauna to the vermicomposting process, since it allows more information about its influence on the continuity of soil organic matter decomposition processes.

RESUMO O presente texto apresenta um relato histórico da Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares, incluindo detalhes da sua fundação, estruturação, dificuldades e principais realizações.

ABSTRACT The present article provides the historical background of the Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares (Brazilian Society for Cerebrovascular Diseases), including details on its function, structure, challenges and main achievements.

Abstract A non-abelian kink inducing asymptotically the breaking pattern SU(5)×Z 2 → SU(4)×U(1)/Z 4 is obtained. We consider a fourth order Higgs potential in a 1+1 theory where the scalar field is in the adjoint representation of SU(5). The perturbative stability of the kink is also evaluated. A Schrodinger-like equation for the excitations along each¨ SU(5) generator is determined, and in none of the cases negative eigenvalues compromising the stability of solution are found. In particular, several bounded scalar states are determined, being one of them the translational zero mode of the flat space SU(5)× Z 2 kink.