Abstract Objective. The present work aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), specifically analyzing the internal consistency, the discrimination of the items, the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure, and the constructive validity. Method. A sample of 692 adolescents and young adults aged between 12 and 28 years old was collected. In addition, the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale and the emotional well-being dimension of the Multidimensional Flourishing Scale were applied. Results. Discriminatory items and good internal consistency were evidenced. The unifactorial structure was verified, and a correlation between spirituality and emotional well-being was found, which supports the construct’s validity. It is concluded that the DSES has adequate psychometric properties that support its use for the evaluation of spirituality in Argentine adolescents and young adults.

Resumen Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Experiencias Espirituales Diarias (DSES). Se analiza específicamente la consistencia interna, la discriminación de los ítems, la estructura factorial exploratoria y confirmatoria, y la validez constructiva. Método. Se conformó una muestra de 692 adolescentes y jóvenes entre los 12 y los 28 años. Se aplicó además la Escala de Experiencias Espirituales Diarias y la dimensión bienestar emocional de la Escala Multidimensional de Flourishing. Resultados. Se evidenciaron ítems discriminativos y buena consistencia interna. Se comprobó la estructura unifactorial, y se halló correlación entre la espiritualidad y el bienestar emocional, lo cual respalda la validez constructiva. Se concluye que la DSES presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas que apoyan su uso para la evaluación de la espiritualidad en adolescentes y jóvenes argentinos.

Resumo: Estudar hábitos alimentares é crucial para entender as complexas interações predador-presa. Embora os anuros tenham papel fundamental no controle das populações de artrópodes, a dieta de várias espécies neotropicais é pouco conhecida. Descrevemos a frequência e a ocorrência de presas e sua massa seca no conteúdo estomacal da rã Pristimantis paulodutrai, no nordeste do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Com base no conteúdo estomacal de 30 indivíduos, Araneae, Isopoda e Formicidae foram os itens alimentares mais importantes. A dieta generalista desta rã, a qual parece ser conservada filogeneticamente entre os Pristimantis, provavelmente está ligada à sua dominância ecológica nos habitats pesquisados. Nosso estudo corrobora a alta relevância trófica dos Robber Frogs em florestas tropicais como predadores generalistas.

Abstract: Studying feeding habits is crucial to understand complex predator-prey interactions. Even though anurans play a fundamental role in the control of arthropods populations, the diet of several Neotropical species is poorly known. We describe the frequency and occurrence of prey items and their dry mass in stomach contents of the Robber Frog Pristimantis paulodutrai in the north east of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Based on the stomach contents of 30 individuals, Araneae, Isopoda, and Formicidae were found to be the most important food items. The generalist diet of this frog, which seems to be phylogenetically conserved among Pristimantis, is likely to be linked to its ecological dominance in the habitats surveyed. Our study corroborates the high trophic relevance of Robber Frogs in tropical forests as generalist predators.

ABSTRACT The present interdisciplinary study aims to explore our understanding of the irreplaceable character of the person among adults. We interviewed 10 adults between 25 and 46 years old, of both sexes, who had been living together with a partner /or at least 1 year (considering that a relationship is expected to be a significant bond). We carried out a series of interviews to collect their reactions and comments on a fictional episode whose plot addresses the possibility of replacing a person with a software or a robot (episode "Be Right Back", Black Mirror). The categories that emerged/rom the qualitative analysis were: shock, reality-unreality, irreplaceable, intuition. The article discusses these findings in light of one aspect of the philosophical problem of the personal identity. The analysis suggests that there is a strong intuitive perception of the character of each person and, therefore, they are irreplaceable. However, this robust perception was not accompanied by an equally clear justification when it came to define the root or base of such identity. Even though it certainly does not solve the debate, in our interpretation this conveys plausibility to the simple approach, which argues that personal identity is a primitive fact, non-reducible to physical or mental qualities. We also point out a possible continuation of this study.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio interdisciplinar es explorar la comprensión del carácter irreemplazable del ser personal en adultos. Para ello se entrevistó a diez adultos de entre 25 y 46 años de ambos sexos, que estuviesen en pareja por un tiempo mínimo de 1 año (teniendo en cuenta que la pareja es un vínculo significativo con otra persona). Se realizaron varias entrevistas para recoger sus reacciones y comentarios acerca de un capítulo de ficción cuya trama se desenvuelve alrededor de la posibilidad de reemplazar una persona por un software-robot ("Regresa enseguida", de Black Mirror). Las categorías surgidas en el análisis cualitativo fueron: shock, realidad-irrealidad, irreemplazable e intuición. El artículo discute dichos hallazgos a la luz de un aspecto del problema filosófico de la identidad personal. El análisis sugiere que existe una percepción intuitiva fuerte del carácter propiamente individual de cada persona y, por tanto, de su irreemplazabilidad. Esta percepción robusta, sin embargo, no se manifestó en una claridad pareja a la hora de definir con exactitud cuál es la raíz o fundamento de esa identidad. Aunque ciertamente no resuelve el debate, en nuestra interpretación esta observación otorga plausibilidad a la postura denominada enfoque simple, que sostiene que la identidad personal es un hecho primitivo, no reductible a cualidades físicas ni mentales. Señalamos también una posible continuación del estudio.

Resumo Este estudo correlacionou a resistência de união (RU) e a penetração de cimentos de diferentes bases à dentina radicular por meio do teste push-out e da análise por microscopia Confocal a laser (MCL). Quarenta e cinco canais radiculares foram preparados pela técnica coroa-ápice e obturados com guta-percha associada aos seguintes cimentos (n=15): Endofill, AH Plus e MTA Fillapex. Para análise por MCL da penetração dos cimentos, cinco canais foram obturados com os cimentos manipulados com Rodamina B a 0,1%. Em seguida, os espécimes foram seccionados transversalmente e submetidos ao teste de push-out (n=10) e análise por MCL (n=5). Os dados da RU apresentaram as seguintes médias (MPa) e desvio padrão: AH Plus (4,17±1,86); MTA Fillapex (3,13±1,96) e Endofill (2,10±1,03). A análise estatística (two-way ANOVA, α=0,05) mostrou diferença significativa entre os cimentos (p<0,001) e as regiões do canal radicular (p<0,001). Os resultados de RU de Endofill e MTA Fillapex foram estatisticamente semelhantes (p>0,05), no entanto, foram estatisticamente diferentes de AH Plus (p<0,001). A análise regional da RU demonstrou semelhança entre as regiões média e apical (p>0,05), e ambas foram diferentes da região cervical (p<0,001). A análise por MCL verificou a formação de tags em todos os grupos, com maior penetração nos espécimes obturados com AH Plus (p<0,05). O teste de Kendall (correlação entre RU à dentina e profundidade de penetração dos cimentos na dentina) e o teste de Pearson (correlação entre o padrão de falha e a profundidade de penetração dos cimentos na dentina) não evidenciaram correlação significativa entre as variáveis avaliadas nos cimentos testados (p<0,05). O grupo AH Plus apresentou maior RU, e formação de tags mais profundos que os outros cimentos. Não houve correlação significativa entre RU e penetração intratubular dos cimentos testados.

Abstract This study correlated the bond strength (BS) and dentin penetration of different sealers by push-out test and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) analysis. Forty-five root canals were prepared according to the crown-down technique and filled with gutta-percha associated to the following sealers (n=15): Endofill, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Five canals of each group were filled with the sealers added with 0.1% Rhodamine B dye. Next, the specimens were transversely sectioned and submitted to the push-out test (n=10) and CLSM analysis (n=5). The BS data showed the following means (MPa) and standard deviation: AH Plus (4.17±1.86); MTA Fillapex (3.13±1.96) and Endofill (2.10±1.03). Statistical analysis (two-way ANOVA, α=0.05) showed significant difference among sealers (p<0.001) and root canal thirds (p<0.001). The BS results of Endofill and MTA Fillapex were statistically similar (p>0.05), however, they were statistically different from AH Plus (p<0.001). The regional analysis of BS showed similarity between middle and apical thirds (p>0.05), and both were different from coronal portion (p<0.001). CLSM analysis verified tags formation in all groups and higher penetration of the specimens filled with AH Plus (p<0.05). The Kendall test (correlation between BS to dentin and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules) and the Pearson test (between failures pattern and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules) did not show correlation between the variables evaluated for all the tested sealers (p>0.05). AH Plus group had higher BS to dentin, and deeper tags formation than the other sealers. There was no significant correlation between BS and intratubular penetration of the tested sealers.

Resumen Las emociones positivas son aquellas experiencias emocionales en las que predomina el placer o bienestar, con una interpretación personal positiva del suceso, por lo que traen consigo una cascada de cambios subjetivos a nivel fisiológico, psicológico, conductual e incluso social. Estas amplían nuestro repertorio de pensamientos y acciones, y potencian la construcción de recursos personales de manera perdurable. El Cuestionario de Emociones Positivas (CEP) para adolescentes mide las emociones de alegría, sentido del humor, optimismo, tranquilidad, gratitud, interés-entusiasmo y satisfacción con la vida. El propósito del Estudio 1 fue evaluar la validez factorial del Cuestionario de Emociones Positivas, Cuestionario de Schmidt (2008) y obtener una versión breve de este; en el Estudio 2 su propuso probar, mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, la estructura factorial de la versión breve y evaluar la validez de criterio con el comportamiento prosocial. Los resultados muestran una buena validez factorial para el modelo original de 65 elementos con 6 dimensiones. El modelo de 65 ítems se redujo en una versión abreviada de 31 ítems, y se obtuvo un buen ajuste del modelo (χ2 / gl = 1.87 CFI = 0.92 GFI = 0.91). En cuanto a la validez de criterio de la versión breve, se encontró que el comportamiento prosocial estuvo asociado con la alegría y el humor (0.34), la gratitud (0.32) y el interés entusiasmo (0.39) dimensiones que componen el Cuestionario de Emociones Positivas. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de las teorías actuales.

Abstract Positive emotions are those emotional experiences predominating pleasure or well-being, with a positive personal interpretation of the event, bringing a cascade of subjective physiological, psychological, behavioral changes and even social level. They expand our repertoire of thoughts and actions, and strengthen the construction of personal resources in a lasting way. Positive Emotions Questionnaire (CEP) for adolescents measuring the emotions of joy and humor sense, optimism, peace, gratitude, interest-excitement and satisfaction with life. The purpose the study was, in Study 1, to assess the factorial validity of the Positive Emotions Questionnaire by Schmidt (2008) and get a brief version; the purpose of Studio 2 is to test the factor structure of the brief version by confirmatory factor analysis and evaluate the criterion validity with prosocial behavior. A good factorial validity for the original model of 65 items with 6 dimensions was obtained. The model of 65 items was reduced into a brief version of 31 items, obtaining a good fit model (χ2 / gl = 1.87 CFI = 0.92 GFI = 0.91). Regarding the criterion validity of brief version we found that the prosocial behavior was associate with joy and humor (0.34), gratitude (0.32) and interest enthusiasm (0.39) dimensions of Positive Emotions Questionnaire. The results are discussed in light of current theories.

Este trabalho apresenta a validação de uma ferramenta computacional gratuita, que serve para obtenção de medidas contínuas de objetos em movimento. O software utiliza técnicas de visão computacional, reconhecimento de padrões e fluxo óptico, para viabilizar o rastreamento de objetos em vídeos, gerando dados de trajetória, velocidade, aceleração e movimento angular. O programa foi aplicado no rastreamento da esfera de um pêndulo aproximadamente simples. A metodologia utilizada para a validação toma como base a comparação dos valores medidos pelo programa, bem como os valores teóricos esperados segundo o modelo do pêndulo simples. O experimento se adequou ao método, pois foi construído respeitando os limites lineares do oscilador harmônico, minimizando as perdas de energia por atrito e tornando-o o mais ideal possível. Os resultados indicam que a ferramenta é sensível e precisa. Desvios menores do que um milímetro na medida da trajetória garantem a aplicabilidade do software em física, tanto em projetos de pesquisa quanto em tópicos de ensino.

This paper presents the validation of a computational tool that serves to obtain continuous measurements of moving objects. The software uses techniques of computer vision, pattern recognition and optical flow, to enable the tracking of objects in videos, generating data trajectory, velocity, acceleration and angular movement. The program was applied to track a ball around a simple pendulum. The methodology used for this validation takes as a basis for comparisons the measured values of the program as well as the theoretical values expected according to the model of a simple pendulum. The experiment is appropriate to the method because it was built within the limits of the linear harmonic oscillator, and energy losses due to friction had been minimized, making it the most ideal possible. The results indicate that the tool is sensitive and accurate. Deviations of less than a millimeter in the measurements of the trajectory ensure the applicability of the software on physics, either in research or in teaching topics.