Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and abdominal fat assessed by ultrasound in prepubertal children with and without excess weight. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 241 prepubertal children, 156 with obesity, 37 with overweight, and 48 with normal weight, aged five to ten years, who were followed at a research unit on Childhood Obesity from a teaching hospital belonging to a public health system. The concentration of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein were assessed and regression analyses, considering outcome variables such as abdominal wall and intra-abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasound, were performed. Results The findings highlighted an association between abdominal fat and inflammatory markers, even in children at this young age group. Subcutaneous fat showed a stronger association with inflammatory biomarkers compared to intra-abdominal fat when performing logistic regression, with a positive association between tumor necrosis factor-α and abdominal wall thickness equal to or greater than the 75th percentile in adjusted logistic regression (OR: 18.12; CI 95 %: 1.57: 209.55). Conclusions Abdominal wall fat, in contrast to what is often observed in adults, appears to have a greater impact on chronic inflammation related to excessive weight in very young children. crosssectional cross sectional 24 15 obesity 3 overweight 4 years system interleukin6, interleukin6 interleukin 6, 6 interleukin-6 factorα factor α Creactive C reactive analyses intraabdominal intra performed group th OR (OR 18.12 1812 18 12 9 % 1.57 157 1 57 209.55. 20955 209.55 . 209 55 209.55) adults 2 interleukin- 18.1 181 1.5 5 2095 209.5 20 18. 1. 209.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as doenças autoinflamatórias (DAI) de acordo com sexo e idade no momento do diagnóstico e a resposta terapêutica em uma grande população. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional transversal de um registro latino-americano que usou um sistema de dados coletados entre 2015 e 2018. Quaisquer achados alterados ao longo do acompanhamento foram registrados. Os formulários foram traduzidos para os idiomas português e espanhol, incluindo características demográficas, clínicas, laboratoriais, genéticas e de tratamento. Resultados: Incluímos 152 pacientes, sendo 51,3% do sexo masculino e 75% da raça branca. A média de idade de início da doença foi de 2,1 anos (0–15,6 anos) e a média de idade de diagnóstico 6,9 anos (0–21,9 anos); 111 (73%) eram crianças (0–9 anos) e 41 (27%) adolescentes/adultos jovens (10–21 anos). A síndrome de febre periódica, estomatite aftosa, faringite e adenite (PFAPA) ocorreu em 46/152 (30%), osteomielite não bacteriana crônica (CNO) em 32/152 (21%) e febre familiar do Mediterrâneo (FMF) em 24/152 (15,7%). A PFAPA foi significativamente maior em crianças pequenas (38,7 vs. 7,3%, p<0,001), e a CNO, em adolescentes/adultos jovens (13,5 vs. 41,5%, p<0,001). A frequência do sexo feminino foi significativamente maior na CNO (28,4 vs. 14,1%, p=0,031) e menor na FMF (8,1 vs. 23,1%, p=0,011). Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram glicocorticoides, anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINE) e colchicina. O tratamento com glicocorticoides e colchicina foi usado em todas as DAI com resposta boa a moderada. No entanto, as síndromes periódicas associadas à criopirina (CAPS) pareciam não responder aos glicocorticoides. AINE e metotrexato foram os principais medicamentos utilizados no tratamento da CNO. Conclusões: Diferenças de pacientes com DAI foram observadas na população latino-americana em pacientes agrupados por sexo e idade ao diagnóstico da doença. Objetivo (DAI Métodos latinoamericano latino americano 201 2018 registrados espanhol demográficas clínicas laboratoriais Resultados 15 513 51 3 51,3 75 branca 21 2 1 2, 0–15,6 0156 0 6 (0–15, 69 9 6, 0–21,9 0219 (0–21, 11 73% 73 (73% 0–9 09 (0– 4 27% 27 (27% adolescentesadultos adolescentes adultos 10–21 1021 10 (10–2 anos. . periódica aftosa (PFAPA 46152 46 46/15 30%, 30 30% , (30%) (CNO 32152 32 32/15 21% (21% (FMF 24152 24 24/15 15,7%. 157 15,7% 7 (15,7%) 38,7 387 38 (38, vs 7,3% p<0,001, p0001 p p<0,001 001 p<0,001) 13,5 135 13 5 (13, 415 41,5% p<0,001. 28,4 284 28 (28, 141 14 14,1% p=0,031 p0031 031 8,1 81 8 (8, 231 23 23,1% p=0,011. p0011 p=0,011 011 p=0,011) antiinflamatórios anti inflamatórios (AINE moderada entanto CAPS (CAPS Conclusões latinoamericana americana 20 51, 0–15, 015 (0–15 0–21, 021 (0–21 (73 0– (0 (27 10–2 102 (10– 4615 46/1 (30% 3215 32/1 (21 2415 24/1 15,7 (15,7% 38, (38 7,3 p000 p<0,00 00 13, (13 41,5 28, (28 14,1 p=0,03 p003 03 8, (8 23,1 p001 p=0,01 01 0–15 (0–1 0–21 02 (0–2 (7 ( (2 10– (10 461 46/ (30 321 32/ 241 24/ 15, (15,7 (3 7, p00 p<0,0 (1 41, 14, p=0,0 23, 0–1 0–2 (15, p0 p<0, p=0, (15 p<0 p=0 p< p=

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate autoinflammatory diseases (AID) according to age at diagnosis and sex, and response to therapy in a large population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study of a Latin American registry using a designed web system for data storage, collected between 2015 and 2018. Any altered findings during follow-up were recorded. The forms were translated into Portuguese and Spanish, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, genetic and treatment characteristics. Results: We included 152 patients, 51.3% male and 75% Caucasian. The median age at disease onset was 2.1 years (0–15.6 years) and median age at diagnosis 6.9 years (0–21.9 years); 111 (73%) were children (0–9 years old), and 41 (27%) were adolescents and young adults (AYA) (10–21 years old). Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) occurred in 46/152 (30%), chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in 32/152 (21%), and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in 24/152 (15.7%). PFAPA was significantly higher in young children than in AYA (38.7% vs. 7.3%, p<0.001), while CNO were lower (13.5% vs. 41.5%, p<0.001). The frequency of females was significantly higher in CNO (28.4% vs. 14.1%, p=0.031) and lower in FMF (8.1% vs. 23.1%, p=0.011). The most used drugs were glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and colchicine. Glucocorticoids and colchicine treatment were used in all AID with good to moderate response. However, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) seemed unresponsive to glucocorticoids. NSAIDs and methotrexate were the main medications used to treat CNO. Conclusions: Differences among AID patients were observed in the LA population regarding sex and age at disease diagnosis. Objective (AID Methods crosssectional cross sectional storage 201 2018 followup follow up recorded Spanish demographic clinical laboratory characteristics Results 15 513 51 3 51.3 75 Caucasian 21 2 1 2. 0–15.6 0156 0 6 (0–15. 69 9 6. 0–21.9 0219 (0–21. 11 73% 73 (73% 0–9 09 (0– old, old , old) 4 27% 27 (27% (AYA 10–21 1021 10 (10–2 old. . stomatitis pharyngitis (PFAPA 46152 46 46/15 30%, 30 30% (30%) nonbacterial non bacterial (CNO 32152 32 32/15 21%, 21% (21%) (FMF 24152 24 24/15 15.7%. 157 15.7% 7 (15.7%) 38.7% 387 38 (38.7 vs 7.3% p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 001 p<0.001) 13.5% 135 13 5 (13.5 415 41.5% p<0.001. 28.4% 284 28 (28.4 141 14 14.1% p=0.031 p0031 031 8.1% 81 8 (8.1 231 23 23.1% p=0.011. p0011 p=0.011 011 p=0.011) glucocorticoids nonsteroidal steroidal antiinflammatory anti inflammatory NSAID, NSAID (NSAID) However cryopyrinassociated cryopyrin associated CAPS (CAPS Conclusions 20 51. 0–15. 015 (0–15 0–21. 021 (0–21 (73 0– (0 (27 10–2 102 (10– 4615 46/1 (30% 3215 32/1 (21% 2415 24/1 15.7 (15.7% 38.7 (38. 7.3 p000 p<0.00 00 13.5 (13. 41.5 28.4 (28. 14.1 p=0.03 p003 03 8.1 (8. 23.1 p001 p=0.01 01 (NSAID 0–15 (0–1 0–21 02 (0–2 (7 ( (2 10– (10 461 46/ (30 321 32/ (21 241 24/ 15. (15.7 38. (38 7. p00 p<0.0 13. (13 41. 28. (28 14. p=0.0 8. (8 23. 0–1 0–2 (1 (3 (15. p0 p<0. p=0. (15 p<0 p=0 p< p=

Complex oxides can present interesting semiconductor properties since the simultaneous presence of different metallic cations can modulate the conduction and valence band edges, affecting the bandgap energy, the onset potential for reactions and also the photocatalyst long-term stability. Here, we demonstrated that the synthesis of multinary oxides, very challenging using “traditional” methodologies, can be fast achieved by melting the precursor binary oxides in an arc furnace. As a proof of concept, arc-melting a mixture of Bi2O3 and V2O5 (Bi:V molar ratio of 1:1.05) resulted in almost pristine BiVO4 (97.3% from Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data); photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements indicated a promising application as a photoanode for O2 evolution reaction. Conversely, the arc-melting of Bi2O3 and WO3 mixture (Bi:W molar ratio of 2:1.15) resulted in the biphasic Bi2WO6/Bi2W2O9; preliminary PEC analysis revealed characteristics of n-type semiconductor electrode with photoactivity under UV irradiation. Finally, the hierarchical Ag@α-AgVO3/Fe2O3 consisted of micrometric Fe2O3 particles decorated by AgVO3 nanoribbons and Ag nanoparticles, was obtained from melting Ag2O, Fe2O3 and V2O5 as precursors (Ag:Fe:V molar ratio of 3:1:2); PEC measurements also revealed possible application as a photoanode. The results for these three materials demonstrated the arc-synthesis as a fast, effective and scalable methodology for synthesizing complex oxides. edges energy longterm long term stability Here traditional “traditional methodologies furnace concept arcmelting BiO Bi O Bi2O VO V V2O BiV 11.05 1105 1 1.05 05 1:1.05 BiVO 97.3% 973 97 3 (97.3 Xray X ray XRD (XRD data data) (PEC reaction Conversely WO BiW W 21.15 2115 2 1.15 15 2:1.15 Bi2WO6/Bi2W2O9 Bi2WO6Bi2W2O9 BiWOBiWO Bi2WO6 Bi2W2O9 ntype n type irradiation Finally Ag@αAgVO3/Fe2O3 AgαAgVO3Fe2O3 AgαAgVOFeO Ag@α AgVO3/Fe2O3 α AgVO Fe Ag@α-AgVO3/Fe2O FeO Fe2O nanoparticles Ag2O AgO AgFeV 312 3:1:2) arcsynthesis 11 11.0 110 105 1.0 0 1:1.0 97.3 9 (97. 21 21.1 211 115 1.1 2:1.1 Bi2WO6/Bi2W2O Bi2WO6Bi2W2O BiWO Bi2WO Bi2W2O αAgVO3 αAgVO Ag@αAgVO3/Fe2O AgαAgVO AgαAgVO3Fe2O Agα AgVO3Fe2O3 AgVOFeO AgVO3/Fe2O 31 3:1:2 11. 10 1. 1:1. 97. (97 21. 2:1. AgVO3Fe2O 3:1: 1:1 (9 2:1 3:1 1: ( 2: 3:

Resumo A maioria dos agricultores da Paraíba pratica a agricultura de sequeiro, que depende das chuvas para pleno desenvolvimento. As lavouras estudadas são: arroz, feijão, mandioca e milho. O objetivo geral é aferir se essas lavouras de sequeiro apresentam produtividades e rendas sustentáveis em decorrência das variabilidades climáticas existentes no estado, no período de 1945 a 2020; e avaliar se as chuvas são capazes de afetar a previsão da produção dessas lavouras para o período 2021/2030. Os dados são retirados da Produção Agrícola Municipal, Anuários Estatísticos do IBGE e da Administração Nacional Oceânica e Atmosférica. Para desenhar as trajetórias das produtividades e das rendas agregadas por hectare, a pesquisa utilizou o método de Box e Jenkins. Para aferir se houve sustentabilidade no período, foi estimado TGC instantânea. Os resultados mostram que o estado apresentou alta instabilidade pluviométrica (CV=26%) no período analisado e que a pluviometria interfere na previsão da produtividade agregada, mas não causa interferência direta na previsão da renda agregada por hectare das lavouras estudadas. Em geral, os agricultores conseguiram manter produções agrícolas sustentáveis na Paraíba e se apresentaram autoresilientes aos efeitos dos estresses provocados pela instabilidade pluviométrica, embora no decorrer da trajetória analisada houvesse períodos em que não aconteceu. desenvolvimento arroz feijão milho 194 2020 20212030 2021 2030 2021/2030 Municipal Atmosférica Jenkins instantânea CV=26% CV26 CV 26 (CV=26% aconteceu 19 202 2021203 203 2021/203 CV=26 CV2 2 (CV=26 1 20 202120 2021/20 CV=2 (CV=2 20212 2021/2 CV= (CV= 2021/ (CV

Abstract Most farmers in Paraíba practice rainfed agriculture, which depends on rainfall for full development. The crops studied are rice, beans, cassava, and corn. The general objective is to assess whether these rainfed crops have sustainable yields and incomes as a result of climatic variability in the state, from 1945 to 2020; and to assess whether the rains are capable of affecting the forecast production of these crops for the period 2021/2030. The data is taken from Municipal Agricultural Production, IBGE Statistical Yearbooks and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The research used the Box and Jenkins method to draw the trajectories of productivity and aggregate income per hectare. To assess whether there was sustainability over the period studied, the research estimated instantaneous TGC. The results show that the state had high rainfall instability (CV=26%) during the period analyzed and that rainfall interferes with the prediction of aggregate productivity but does not directly interfere with the prediction of aggregate income per hectare of the crops studied. In general, farmers managed to maintain sustainable agricultural production in Paraíba and demonstrated self-resilience to the effects of stresses caused by rainfall instability, although there were periods during the analyzed trajectory when this did not occur. agriculture development rice beans cassava corn 194 2020 20212030 2021 2030 2021/2030 Production Administration TGC CV=26% CV26 CV 26 (CV=26% selfresilience self resilience occur 19 202 2021203 203 2021/203 CV=26 CV2 2 (CV=26 1 20 202120 2021/20 CV=2 (CV=2 20212 2021/2 CV= (CV= 2021/ (CV

RESUMO Objetivos. Avaliar a tendência da mortalidade neonatal, pós-neonatal e infantil de 1996 a 2020, na região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro e nas outras regiões. Métodos. Estudo ecológico utilizando regiões como unidade de análise. Os dados foram acessados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos da Capital (Rio de Janeiro), dos territórios vizinhos (Niterói, São Gonçalo e Baixada Fluminense) e das outras regiões do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizamos a modelagem multinível de Poisson, onde as variáveis de resposta dos modelos foram mortalidade infantil e seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal. Os efeitos fixos dos modelos ajustados foram região e ano da morte. Resultados. No período 1996-2020, a Baixada Fluminense apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade infantil de seus componentes neonatal e pós-natal na região metropolitana. Todos os modelos ajustados mostraram que quanto mais recente o ano, menor o risco de mortalidade. O risco ajustado da mortalidade infantil e seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal foi menor em Niterói. Conclusão. A Baixada Fluminense apresentou o maior risco de mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal na região metropolitana. Detectamos estabilização das taxas de mortalidade nos últimos anos. Objetivos pósneonatal pós 199 2020 Métodos análise Janeiro, , Janeiro) Niterói, Niterói (Niterói Poisson pósneonatal. neonatal. morte Resultados 19962020, 19962020 1996-2020 pósnatal natal Conclusão anos 19 202 1996202 1996-202 1 20 199620 1996-20 2 19962 1996-2 1996-

ABSTRACT Objectives. The study aims to assess the trend of neonatal, post-neonatal, and infant mortality from 1996 to 2020 within the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro and other regions. Methods. Ecological study using the region as analysis unity. Data were accessed from the Mortality Information System and Live Birth Information System in the capital Rio de Janeiro, in the neighboring areas of Niterói, São Gonçalo, Baixada Fluminense, and the remaining regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro State. We applied Poisson multilevel modeling, where the models’ response variables were infant mortality and its neonatal and post neonatal components. Fixed effects of the adjusted models were region and death year variables. Results. During the 1996-2020 period, the Baixada Fluminense showed the highest infant mortality rate as to its neonatal and post neonatal components. All adjusted models showed that the more recent the year the lower the mortality risk. Niterói showed the lowest adjusted risk of infant mortality and its neonatal and post neonatal components. Conclusion. Baixada Fluminense showed the highest mortality risk for infant mortality and its neonatal and post-neonatal components in the metropolitan region. The stabilization in mortality rates in recent years was identified by the research. Objectives postneonatal, postneonatal 199 202 Methods unity Gonçalo State modeling Results 19962020 1996-202 period Conclusion research 19 20 1996202 1996-20 1 2 199620 1996-2 19962 1996-

RESUMO Objetivos. Avaliar a tendência da mortalidade neonatal, pós-neonatal e infantil de 1996 a 2020, na região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro e nas outras regiões. Métodos. Estudo ecológico utilizando regiões como unidade de análise. Os dados foram acessados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos da Capital (Rio de Janeiro), dos territórios vizinhos (Niterói, São Gonçalo e Baixada Fluminense) e das outras regiões do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizamos a modelagem multinível de Poisson, onde as variáveis de resposta dos modelos foram mortalidade infantil e seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal. Os efeitos fixos dos modelos ajustados foram região e ano da morte. Resultados. No período 1996-2020, a Baixada Fluminense apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade infantil de seus componentes neonatal e pós-natal na região metropolitana. Todos os modelos ajustados mostraram que quanto mais recente o ano, menor o risco de mortalidade. O risco ajustado da mortalidade infantil e seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal foi menor em Niterói. Conclusão. A Baixada Fluminense apresentou o maior risco de mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal na região metropolitana. Detectamos estabilização das taxas de mortalidade nos últimos anos.

ABSTRACT Objectives. The study aims to assess the trend of neonatal, post-neonatal, and infant mortality from 1996 to 2020 within the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro and other regions. Methods. Ecological study using the region as analysis unity. Data were accessed from the Mortality Information System and Live Birth Information System in the capital Rio de Janeiro, in the neighboring areas of Niterói, São Gonçalo, Baixada Fluminense, and the remaining regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro State. We applied Poisson multilevel modeling, where the models’ response variables were infant mortality and its neonatal and post neonatal components. Fixed effects of the adjusted models were region and death year variables. Results. During the 1996-2020 period, the Baixada Fluminense showed the highest infant mortality rate as to its neonatal and post neonatal components. All adjusted models showed that the more recent the year the lower the mortality risk. Niterói showed the lowest adjusted risk of infant mortality and its neonatal and post neonatal components. Conclusion. Baixada Fluminense showed the highest mortality risk for infant mortality and its neonatal and post-neonatal components in the metropolitan region. The stabilization in mortality rates in recent years was identified by the research.

Resumo Objetivo da Investigação: Procurou-se analisar como a agricultura biológica pode ser um instrumento dentro do processo de reocupação dos espaços. Metodologia: Trabalhamos a partir da perspectiva da metodologia da Rede Rural, que considera o envolvimento de dimensões interligadas conformando uma rede. O estudo de caso ocorreu em Trás-os-Montes, Portugal. Resultados: Percebeu-se que a interação de pessoas com origens distintas (rurais ou não) e com um mesmo propósito aliada a um projeto nacional de incentivo a um modelo específico de produção de alimentos, pode contribuir positivamente na autonomia de determinadas regiões, estimulando jovens empreendedores que passam a visualizar na região um espaço de novas oportunidades. Originalidade/Valor: Essa investigação trata de enfatizar pequenas transformações percebidas em ambientes ‘considerados’ vazios, mas que continuam a oferecer oportunidades para o envolvimento e a criação de novas formas de capital social.

Abstract Research Purpose: To analyze how organic farming can be an instrument within the process of reoccupying spaces. Methodology: This research was held from the perspective of the Rural Web methodology, which considers the involvement of interconnected dimensions forming a network. The case study took place in Trás-os-Montes, Portugal. Findings: It could be seen that the interaction of people with different origins (rural or not) and with the same purpose, together with a national project to encourage a specific model of food production, can contribute positively to the autonomy of certain regions, encouraging young entrepreneurs who start to see in the region a space of new opportunities. Originality/Value: This investigation tries to emphasize small transformations perceived in environments 'considered' empty, but which continue to offer opportunities for involvement among different actors and the creation of new forms of social capital.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the current situation of sexual aggression and assess the adhesion to ambulatory care follow-up. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving female children and adolescents aged 0–19 years, treated at the Center for Multiprofessional Care of Sexual Violence of the General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu, from 2014 to 2018. RESULTS: Of the 453 children and adolescents, 264 (58.3%) were <14 years of age and 189 (41.7%) were 14–19 years of age. In both groups, 78% were black. School delay of >2 years was found in 15.6% of children in the age group <14 years and 40.5% of adolescents in the age group 14–19 years [p<0.001; OR=3.7 (2.1–65)]. In girls aged £13 years, abuse usually occurred at home (73.2%), which was perpetrated by one aggressor (91%) and known to the victim (91.2%). In adolescents aged ≥14 years, 84.1% of rapes occurred outside the home, practiced by one aggressor (74.8%), 57.8% were unknown, and in 91.2% of cases, there was use of physical force and/or verbal threats. The victims aged <14 years have 14 times more chance of experiencing aggression within the family setting [p<0.001; OR=14.3 (8.2–25.6)] and 16 times more chance of experiencing aggression from known persons [p<0.001; OR=16.2 (9.2–29.8)]. On the contrary, adolescents aged ≥14 years have three times more chance of being abused by more than one aggressor [p<0.001; OR=3.3 (1.8–6.1)]. CONCLUSION: Black girls, especially those aged <14 years, are in a situation of greater vulnerability for sexual violence, have less adhesion to follow-up, and often experience aggression in the household setting. OBJECTIVE followup. followup follow up. up follow-up METHODS crosssectional cross sectional 019 0 19 0–1 Iguaçu 201 2018 RESULTS 45 26 58.3% 583 58 3 (58.3% <1 18 41.7% 417 41 7 (41.7% 1419 14–1 groups 78 black 2 > 156 15 6 15.6 405 40 5 40.5 p<0.001 p0001 p 001 [p<0.001 OR37 OR OR=3. 2.1–65. 2165 2.1–65 . 1 65 (2.1–65)] 13 £1 73.2%, 732 73.2% , 73 (73.2%) 91% 91 (91% 91.2%. 912 (91.2%) ≥1 841 84 84.1 74.8%, 748 74.8% 74 8 (74.8%) 578 57 57.8 unknown 91.2 cases andor or threats OR143 OR=14. 8.2–25.6 82256 25 (8.2–25.6) OR162 OR=16. 9.2–29.8. 92298 9.2–29.8 9 29 (9.2–29.8)] contrary OR33 1.8–6.1. 1861 1.8–6.1 (1.8–6.1)] CONCLUSION violence followup, up, 01 0– 20 4 58.3 (58.3 < 41.7 (41.7 141 14– 15. 40. p<0.00 p000 00 [p<0.00 OR3 OR=3 216 2.1–6 (2.1–65) £ 73.2 (73.2% (91 (91.2% ≥ 84. 74.8 (74.8% 57. 91. OR14 OR=14 8.2–25. 8225 (8.2–25.6 OR16 OR=16 9229 9.2–29. (9.2–29.8) 186 1.8–6. (1.8–6.1) 58. (58. 41. (41. p<0.0 p00 [p<0.0 OR= 21 2.1– (2.1–65 73. (73.2 (9 (91.2 74. (74.8 OR1 OR=1 8.2–25 822 (8.2–25. 922 9.2–29 (9.2–29.8 1.8–6 (1.8–6.1 (58 (41 p<0. p0 [p<0. 2.1 (2.1–6 (73. ( (91. (74. 8.2–2 82 (8.2–25 92 9.2–2 (9.2–29. 1.8– (1.8–6. (5 (4 p<0 [p<0 2. (2.1– (73 (74 8.2– (8.2–2 9.2– (9.2–29 1.8 (1.8–6 p< [p< (2.1 (7 8.2 (8.2– 9.2 (9.2–2 1. (1.8– [p (2. 8. (8.2 9. (9.2– (1.8 (2 (8. (9.2 (1. (8 (9. (1

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a morbidade da COVID-19 no ano de 2020, identificando as áreas mais vulneráveis e áreas de aglomeração de casos em uma favela do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil conhecida como Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal realizado de 16 de março a 12 de agosto de 2020. Descrevemos o perfil sociodemográfico dos casos e fizemos análise espacial por meio de mapas de pontos e Kernel. As taxas de incidência foram calculadas por sexo, idade e sub-regiões. A taxa de incidência foi de 202/10.000 habitantes. Detectamos aglomerados de casos a oeste, centro-norte e centro-sul de Manguinhos. Altas taxas de incidência foram observadas também nas sub-regiões centro-norte, centro-sul e sudoeste. Nas sub-regiões com alta incidência, o percentual de pessoas dependentes de ajuda financeira governamental variou entre 13% e 21%. As sub-regiões com maior aglomeração de casos no território de Manguinhos coincidem com as regiões com as maiores taxas de incidência, mas não com as regiões mais pobres do território. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 2020 JaneiroBrasil Janeiro Brasil Tratase Trata se 1 Kernel sexo subregiões. subregiões sub regiões. 20210000 202 10 000 202/10.00 habitantes oeste centronorte centro norte centrosul sul centronorte, norte, sudoeste 13 21 21% COVID1 COVID- 2021000 20 00 202/10.0 2 202100 0 202/10. 20210 202/10 2021 202/1 202/

Abstract This study aims to characterize the morbidity of COVID-19 in the year 2020 by identifying the most vulnerable areas and areas of clustering of cases in a favela from Rio de Janeiro/Brazil known as Manguinhos. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study performed from March 16, 2020, to August 12, 2020. We described the sociodemographic profile of the cases and performed spatial analysis using point and Kernel maps. Incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and sub-regions. The incidence rate was 202/10,000. We detected clusters of cases west, central-north, and central-south of Manguinhos. High incidence rates were observed also in sub-regions of central-north, central-south, and southwest. In the sub-regions with high incidence, the percentage of people depending on financial governmental aid ranged between 13% and 21%. The sub-regions with the highest agglomeration of cases in the territory of Manguinhos coincide with the regions with the highest incidence rates, but not with the poorest regions of the territory. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 202 JaneiroBrazil Janeiro Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 16 12 maps sex age subregions. subregions sub regions. 20210000 10 000 202/10,000 west centralnorth, centralnorth central north, north central-north centralsouth south centralsouth, south, southwest 13 21 21% COVID1 1 COVID- 20 2021000 00 202/10,00 2 202100 0 202/10,0 20210 202/10, 2021 202/10 202/1 202/

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of two methods for detecting halitosis, the organoleptic assessment by a trained professional (OA) with volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) measurement via Halimeter® (Interscan Corporation) and information obtained from a close person (ICP). Methodolody Participants were patients and companions who visited a university hospital over one year period to perform digestive endoscopy. A total of 138 participants were included in the VSC test, whose 115 were also included in the ICP test. ROC curves were constructed to establish the best VSC cut-off points. Results The prevalence of halitosis was 12% (95%CI: 7% to 18%) and 9% (95%CI 3% to 14%) for the OA and ICP, respectively. At the cut-off point >80 parts per billion (ppb) VSC, the prevalence of halitosis was 18% (95%CI: 12% to 25%). At the cut-off point >65 ppb VSC, sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 76%, respectively. At the cut-off point >140 ppb, sensitivity was 47% and specificity 96%. For the ICP, sensitivity was 14% and specificity 92%. Conclusions VSC presents high sensitivity at the cut-off point of >65 ppb and high specificity at the cut-off point of >140 ppb. ICP had high specificity, but low sensitivity. The OA can express either occasional or chronic bad breath, whereas the ICP can be a potential instrument to detect chronic halitosis. (OA (VSC Halimeter Interscan Corporation ICP. . (ICP) endoscopy 13 test 11 cutoff cut off points 12 95%CI 95CI CI 95 7 18 9 3 14 respectively 80 >8 (ppb 25%. 25 25% 25%) 65 >6 94 76 76% 140 >14 47 96 96% 92 92% breath (ICP 1 8 > 2 6 >1 4

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of repeated pregnancy in adolescence and its association with early marriage and education level. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted by searching the Live Births Data System. The study included all adolescents in the age group 10–19 years with live births from 2015 to 2019 (n=2,405,248), divided into three groups: G1: primiparas; G2: with 1 previous pregnancy; and G3: with two or more previous pregnancies. RESULTS: Total repeated pregnancies remained stable, along the years. In the age group 10–14 years, the decrease in the period was from 5.0 to 4.7%, whereas in the age group 15–19 years, it was from 27.8 to 27.3%. Being married or in a stable union increases by 96% the chance of repeated pregnancy in the age group 10–14 years (p<0.001; OR=1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85–2.09). In the age group 15–19 years, the chance of repeated pregnancy among the married or in stable union increased 40% (p<0.001; OR=1.40; 95%CI 1.39–1.41)). Girls aged 10–14 years with an education level of<8 years had a 64% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=1.64; 95%CI 1.53–1.75), and among those aged 15–19 years, there was a 137% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=2.37; 95%CI 2.35–2.38). CONCLUSION: Repeated pregnancy in adolescence in Brazil remains very high over the years. There is an association between low education level and early marriage with repeated pregnancies in adolescence. OBJECTIVE METHODS crosssectional cross sectional System 1019 10 19 10–1 201 n=2,405,248, n2405248 n n=2,405,248 , 2 405 248 (n=2,405,248) groups G1 G primiparas G2 G3 RESULTS 1014 14 50 5 0 5. 47 4 7 4.7% 1519 15 15–1 278 27 8 27. 273 3 27.3% 96 p<0.001 p0001 p 001 (p<0.001 OR=1.96 OR196 OR 95 CI [CI 1.85–2.09. 185209 1.85–2.09 . 85 09 1.85–2.09) 40 OR=1.40 OR140 95CI 1.39–1.41. 139141 1.39–1.41 39 41 1.39–1.41)) of8 of< 64 OR=1.64 OR164 1.53–1.75, 153175 1.53–1.75 53 75 1.53–1.75) 137 OR=2.37 OR237 37 2.35–2.38. 235238 2.35–2.38 35 38 2.35–2.38) CONCLUSION 101 10– 20 n240524 n=2,405,24 24 (n=2,405,248 4.7 151 15– 27.3 9 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 OR=1.9 OR19 18520 1.85–2.0 OR=1.4 OR14 13914 1.39–1.4 1.39–1.41) 6 OR=1.6 OR16 15317 1.53–1.7 13 OR=2.3 OR23 23523 2.35–2.3 n24052 n=2,405,2 (n=2,405,24 4. p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 OR=1. OR1 1852 1.85–2. 1391 1.39–1. 1531 1.53–1. OR=2. OR2 2352 2.35–2. n2405 n=2,405, (n=2,405,2 p<0. p0 (p<0. OR=1 185 1.85–2 139 1.39–1 153 1.53–1 OR=2 235 2.35–2 n240 n=2,405 (n=2,405, p<0 (p<0 OR= 18 1.85– 1.39– 1.53– 23 2.35– n24 n=2,40 (n=2,405 p< (p< 1.85 1.39 1.53 2.35 n2 n=2,4 (n=2,40 (p 1.8 1.3 1.5 2.3 n=2, (n=2,4 1. 2. n=2 (n=2, n= (n=2 (n= (n

Abstract Halitosis affects all populations worldwide. The presence of chronic halitosis may be related to a health problem. Patients with bad breath usually seek a gastroenterologist and, in some cases, invasive and expensive exams, such as digestive endoscopy, are performed to investigate the etiology of halitosis. This study aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of bad breath in patients diagnosed with dyspepsia (any pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen) is higher than or equivalent to that in non-dyspeptic patients. This is a cross-sectional study that included 312 patients from university hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro (141 dyspeptic patients and 171 non-dyspeptic ones). The presence of halitosis was defined based on different cutoff points. Association analyses were performed using a log-binomial model and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the coefficients, adjusting for sex and age. The equivalence test (Westlake) was used to test the hypothesis of equivalence between the proportions of patients with bad breath in the two groups (dyspeptic vs. non-dyspeptic), considering an equivalence band of ± 15%. The prevalence of bad breath ranged from 30% to 64% according to the definition of bad breath. Dyspepsia was not associated with bad breath in any of the three definitions of bad breath (two specific ones and a sensitive one). The proportion of patients with marked bad breath was equivalent in patients with and without dyspepsia. worldwide problem cases exams endoscopy abdomen nondyspeptic non crosssectional cross sectional 31 141 (14 17 ones. . ones) points logbinomial log binomial 95 coefficients age Westlake (Westlake vs nondyspeptic, , non-dyspeptic) 15 15% 30 64 one. one one) 3 14 (1 1 9 6 (

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a morbidade da COVID-19 no ano de 2020, identificando as áreas mais vulneráveis e áreas de aglomeração de casos em uma favela do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil conhecida como Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal realizado de 16 de março a 12 de agosto de 2020. Descrevemos o perfil sociodemográfico dos casos e fizemos análise espacial por meio de mapas de pontos e Kernel. As taxas de incidência foram calculadas por sexo, idade e sub-regiões. A taxa de incidência foi de 202/10.000 habitantes. Detectamos aglomerados de casos a oeste, centro-norte e centro-sul de Manguinhos. Altas taxas de incidência foram observadas também nas sub-regiões centro-norte, centro-sul e sudoeste. Nas sub-regiões com alta incidência, o percentual de pessoas dependentes de ajuda financeira governamental variou entre 13% e 21%. As sub-regiões com maior aglomeração de casos no território de Manguinhos coincidem com as regiões com as maiores taxas de incidência, mas não com as regiões mais pobres do território.

Abstract This study aims to characterize the morbidity of COVID-19 in the year 2020 by identifying the most vulnerable areas and areas of clustering of cases in a favela from Rio de Janeiro/Brazil known as Manguinhos. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study performed from March 16, 2020, to August 12, 2020. We described the sociodemographic profile of the cases and performed spatial analysis using point and Kernel maps. Incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and sub-regions. The incidence rate was 202/10,000. We detected clusters of cases west, central-north, and central-south of Manguinhos. High incidence rates were observed also in sub-regions of central-north, central-south, and southwest. In the sub-regions with high incidence, the percentage of people depending on financial governmental aid ranged between 13% and 21%. The sub-regions with the highest agglomeration of cases in the territory of Manguinhos coincide with the regions with the highest incidence rates, but not with the poorest regions of the territory.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar se há correlação entre o índice de massa corporal e os sintomas do climatério em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Métodos Participaram do estudo 109 mulheres na pós-menopausa, com idade média de 57± 8 anos, índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 30± 6kg/m2 e 8± 8 anos após a menopausa. Para a avaliação dos sintomas climatéricos, foram utilizados os questionários específicos para essa população: Índice de Kupperman-Blatt (IKB), Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), e Escala de Cervantes (EC). A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do teste do chi-quadrado, análise de variância (analysis of variance, ANOVA, em inglês) com o teste post hoc de Bonferroni e regressão linear múltipla. O nível de significância adotado foi p<0,05. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, Estados Unidos), versão 26.0. Resultados A regressão linear múltipla mostrou associação positiva (p < 0,01) entre os valores do IMC e os sintomas do climatério quando ajustados pela idade e pelo tempo após a menopausa nos 3 questionários utilizados (IKB: B = 0,432; CE: B = 304; e MRS: B = 302). Quanto às pontuações dos sintomas, as mulheres com obesidade apresentaram médias maiores (p < 0,05) quando comparadas às mulheres eutróficas (IKB = 28 ± 10 e 20 ± 10; e MRS = 20± 10 e 13 ±7). Na análise pelo chi-quadrado 28% das mulheres obesas apresentaram sintomas graves, e 46%, moderados, ao passo que apenas 1% e 46% das eutrópicas apresentavam esses mesmos sintomas. Conclusão Há uma associação entre IMC e sintomas climatéricos, e mulheres com sobrepeso ou obesidade apresentam sintomas mais intensos e moderados do que mulheres eutróficas.

Abstract Objective To determine if there is a correlation between body mass index (BMI) and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women. Methods The study sample was composed of 109 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 57 ± 8 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 30 ± 6 kg/m2, and 8 ± 8 years after menopause. For the assessment of the climacteric symptoms, the Blatt-Kupperman Index (BKI), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), and the Cervantes Scale (CS) were used. Data analysis was performed through the Chi-squared test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni post hoc test, and multiple linear regression. The level of significance adopted was of p < 0.05. The statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) software, version 26.0. Results The multiple linear regression showed a positive association (p<0.01) between BMI values and menopause symptoms when adjusted for age and time after menopause in the 3 questionnaires used (BKI: B = 0.432; CS: B = 304; and MRS: B = 302). Regarding symptom scores, the obese women had higher mean scores (p<0.05) when compared to eutrophic women (BKI = 28 ± 10 and 20 ± 10; and MRS = 20 ± 10 and 13±7, respectively). In the Chi-squared analysis, 28% of obese women had severe symptoms and 46% had moderate symptoms, while only 1% and 46% of eutrophic women had these same symptoms. Conclusion There is an association between BMI and climacteric symptoms, and overweight or obese women have more intense and moderate symptoms than eutrophic women.