Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether bacterial inoculation improves the fermentative, microbiological, and chemical characteristics of silages of the elephant grass cv. BRS Capiaçu on different regrowth days. The experimental design was completely randomized and set up in a 3x2 factorial arrangement (three regrowth days, with and without inoculant), with four replications. There was a significant interaction between the regrowth days and inoculant on the pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), and effluent losses (EL) of the silages. Inoculation decreased the EL with the advance of regrowth days and increased the dry matter recovery index compared to the silages without inoculant. The population of molds and yeasts decreased when inoculation was adopted to the forage harvested after 85 d. There was a significant interaction between the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) contents of the silages. Inoculation in the grass harvested after 85 d increased the DM contents of the silage. The highest CP contents were observed in the silages after 85 d. The NDFap contents of the grasses harvested after 110 and 135 d were higher than those of the grass harvested after 85 d. The NDFap contents of the silages without inoculant increased with the harvest age. The BRS Capiaçu forage silage harvested at 110 d demonstrated favorable performance for silage production. However, the influence of inoculant use was low for the characteristics evaluated.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si la inoculación bacteriana mejora las características fermentativas, microbiológicas y químicas de los ensilados del pasto elefante cv. BRS Capiaçu en diferentes días de rebrote. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y se estableció en un arreglo factorial 3x2 (tres días de rebrote, con y sin inoculante), con cuatro repeticiones. Hubo una interacción significativa entre los días de rebrote y el inoculante sobre el pH, el nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3) y las pérdidas por efluentes (PE) de los ensilados. La inoculación disminuyó la PE con el avance de los días de rebrote y aumentó la tasa de recuperación de materia seca en comparación con los ensilados sin inoculante. La población de mohos y levaduras disminuyó cuando se adoptó la inoculación al forraje cosechado después de 85 d. Hubo una interacción significativa entre la materia seca (MS), la proteína cruda (PC) y la fibra detergente neutro corregida por los contenidos de cenizas y proteína (FDNcp) de los ensilados. La inoculación en el pasto cosechado después de 85 días aumentó el contenido de MS del ensilado. Los mayores contenidos de PC se observaron en los ensilados después de 85 días. Los contenidos de FDNcp de los pastos cosechados después de 110 y 135 días fueron mayores que el del pasto cosechado después de 85 días. El contenido de FDNcp de los ensilados sin inoculante aumentó con la edad de cosecha. El ensilado de forraje de BRS Capiaçu cosechado a los 110 días demostró un desempeño favorable para la producción de ensilado. Sin embargo, la influencia del uso de inoculantes fue baja para las características evaluadas.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goal of the present study was to assess the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) subtypes in individuals that search for specialized care, identifying the subtypes of TMD, muscular and/or articular, in addition to relating each subtype with variables such as gender and age. METHODS: In this context, after a screening, 270 individuals, aged between 18 and 70 years, were selected. All data were acquired using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) instrument. RESULTS: Among the 267 patients, 88.7% (n = 237) were female and 11.3% (n = 30) were male, with a mean age of 42±11.8 years. In this study, the predominance of joint/muscle TMD was evidenced (51.7%; n = 138), followed by only muscle TMD (47.5%; n = 127) and lastly, joint TMD (0.8%; n = 2). Important correlations (p>0.05) were not identified when comparing TMD subtypes with the variables gender and age, according to chi-square test. By relating the diagnosis to the TMD subtype, it was evidenced that bilateral myalgia was the most prevalent in muscle TMD (n = 100; 37.4%) and articular/muscular (n = 112; 41.9%). The other variables did not show significant statistics, neither moderate nor strong correlation. CONCLUSION: In this research, all TMD subtypes were found, with a clear predominance of joint/muscle type of TMD, followed by muscle only, especially in females aged between 39 and 48 years.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a frequência dos subtipos de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em indivíduos que buscaram atendimento especializado, identificando os subtipos da DTM, se muscular e/ou articular, além de relacionar cada subtipo com variáveis como sexo e faixa etária. MÉTODOS: Neste contexto, após uma triagem, foram selecionados 270 indivíduos na cidade de Fortaleza/CE, com faixa etária entre 18 anos e 70 anos de idade. Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados por meio do instrumento Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). RESULTADOS: Entre os 267 pacientes, 88,7% (n = 237) foram do sexo feminino e 11,3% (n = 30) do masculino, com média de idade de 42 ± 11,8 anos. Neste estudo evidenciou-se a predominância de DTM articular/muscular (51,7%; n = 138), seguida de indivíduos com DTM somente muscular (47,5%; n = 127) e por último a articular (0,8%; n = 2). Não foram identificadas correlações importantes (p > 0,05), segundo o teste qui-quadrado, quando comparados os subtipos de DTM com as variáveis gênero e idade. Ao relacionar o diagnóstico com o subtipo de DTM, evidenciou-se que a mialgia bilateral foi a mais prevalente na DTM muscular (n = 100; 37,4%) e articular/muscular (n = 112; 41,9%). As demais variáveis não apontaram significância estatística nem correlação moderada ou forte. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta pesquisa, foram encontrados todos os tipos de DTM, havendo um claro predomínio da DTM do tipo articular/muscular, seguida da somente muscular, especialmente em indivíduos do gênero feminino e de idade entre 39 e 48 anos.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goal of the present study was to assess the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) subtypes in individuals that search for specialized care, identifying the subtypes of TMD, muscular and/or articular, in addition to relating each subtype with variables such as gender and age. METHODS: In this context, after a screening, 270 individuals, aged between 18 and 70 years, were selected. All data were acquired using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) instrument. RESULTS: Among the 267 patients, 88.7% (n = 237) were female and 11.3% (n = 30) were male, with a mean age of 42±11.8 years. In this study, the predominance of joint/muscle TMD was evidenced (51.7%; n = 138), followed by only muscle TMD (47.5%; n = 127) and lastly, joint TMD (0.8%; n = 2). Important correlations (p>0.05) were not identified when comparing TMD subtypes with the variables gender and age, according to chi-square test. By relating the diagnosis to the TMD subtype, it was evidenced that bilateral myalgia was the most prevalent in muscle TMD (n = 100; 37.4%) and articular/muscular (n = 112; 41.9%). The other variables did not show significant statistics, neither moderate nor strong correlation. CONCLUSION: In this research, all TMD subtypes were found, with a clear predominance of joint/muscle type of TMD, followed by muscle only, especially in females aged between 39 and 48 years.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a frequência dos subtipos de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em indivíduos que buscaram atendimento especializado, identificando os subtipos da DTM, se muscular e/ou articular, além de relacionar cada subtipo com variáveis como sexo e faixa etária. MÉTODOS: Neste contexto, após uma triagem, foram selecionados 270 indivíduos na cidade de Fortaleza/CE, com faixa etária entre 18 anos e 70 anos de idade. Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados por meio do instrumento Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). RESULTADOS: Entre os 267 pacientes, 88,7% (n = 237) foram do sexo feminino e 11,3% (n = 30) do masculino, com média de idade de 42 ± 11,8 anos. Neste estudo evidenciou-se a predominância de DTM articular/muscular (51,7%; n = 138), seguida de indivíduos com DTM somente muscular (47,5%; n = 127) e por último a articular (0,8%; n = 2). Não foram identificadas correlações importantes (p > 0,05), segundo o teste qui-quadrado, quando comparados os subtipos de DTM com as variáveis gênero e idade. Ao relacionar o diagnóstico com o subtipo de DTM, evidenciou-se que a mialgia bilateral foi a mais prevalente na DTM muscular (n = 100; 37,4%) e articular/muscular (n = 112; 41,9%). As demais variáveis não apontaram significância estatística nem correlação moderada ou forte. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta pesquisa, foram encontrados todos os tipos de DTM, havendo um claro predomínio da DTM do tipo articular/muscular, seguida da somente muscular, especialmente em indivíduos do gênero feminino e de idade entre 39 e 48 anos.

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is a key factor in the success of maize crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of second-crop maize to N applied exclusively as topdressing or at planting + topdressing. Five experiments were conducted in areas in southwestern Goiás in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate N application rates of 0 and 30 kg ha-1 at planting, combined with five N rates applied as topdressing at the maize V3 stage over a total of 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha-1. Dry matter production in the V6 or V9 stage and yield parameters at harvest were evaluated. N application did not affect the number of grain rows per ear but increased the number of grains per row and, particularly, grain weight. The crop responded positively to increases in the total N rate in 4 of the 5 experiments: in 1 of these experiments, N fertilizer application at planting contributed to an increase in the efficiency of topdressing fertilization, resulting in a higher maize yield with a lower total N rate; in the other 3, a positive maize response to N occurred when total N was applied as topdressing at V3. However, the highest mean maize grain yield (8,233 kg ha-1) was found in the trial that showed no response to N fertilizer application - probably due to the better chemical fertility conditions of the area combined with an adequate distribution of rainfall, considering the multiple factors involved in N application recommendations.

RESUMO O manejo de nitrogênio (N) na cultura do milho é fator chave para o sucesso de seu cultivo, de modo que se objetivou com esse estudo avaliar a resposta da cultura, em segunda safra, à doses de N aplicadas exclusivamente em cobertura ou na adubação de base (semeadura) complementada com a adubação de cobertura. Para tal, em 2019 e 2020 foram realizados cinco experimentos em áreas da região Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás, testando 0 e 30 kg ha-1 de N aplicados na base combinados com cinco doses totais de N (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 kg ha-1) completadas em cobertura, quando as plantas estavam em estádio V3. Avaliou-se a produção de massa seca na fase vegetativa V6 ou V9, e, por ocasião da colheita, os parâmetros produtivos. Verificou que a aplicação de N não interfere no número de fileiras de grãos, mas aumenta o número de grãos por fileira e, principalmente, o peso de grãos. Em 4 dos 5 ensaios, a cultura respondeu positivamente ao incremento da dose total de N; em 1 desses, a adubação de base contribuiu para aumento da eficiência da adubação de cobertura, de modo que a produtividade do milho foi maior e atingida com uma dose total de N menor. Nos outros 3, respostas positivas foram observadas quando da aplicação total do N em cobertura e em dose única. A maior produtividade média de grãos de milho (8.233 kg ha-1), no entanto, ocorreu justamente no ensaio com ausência de resposta à adubação nitrogenada - provavelmente devido às melhores condições de fertilidade química da área aliada à adequada distribuição das chuvas, considerando assim múltiplos fatores para N recomendações de aplicação.

Abstract Purpose To test the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in an online format in university students from a low-income region. Methods This was a psychometric study, involving a study of reliability ( n = 117) and validity ( n = 195) in university students from a region with a Gini index of 0.56. The scale was applied at two time points with an interval of 2 weeks. This scale measures satisfaction with life based on five statements and responses ranging from 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree). We conducted the reliability assessment using temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity assessment by internal structure solution. Results All SWLS items showed acceptable (rho > 0.30) and significant ( p < 0.05) temporal stability and acceptable internal consistency (alpha > 0.70). In construct validity (internal structure), we identified a factor with an explained variance of 59.0% in the exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, in the confirmatory factor analysis, we identified a one-factor structure solution for SWLS with an acceptable model fitting (chi-square/degrees of freedom [ X 2/df] = 6.53; Tucker–Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.991; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.040; standardized root mean-squared residual [SRMR] = 0.026). Conclusion The Satisfaction with Life Scale, in the online format, is a reliable and valid tool for university students in a low-income context.

Abstract Background The Parkinson disease (PD) is frequently associated with autonomic dysfunctions. However, data regarding the influence of PD on the autonomic responses to postural changes is limited. Objective To analyze and compare the autonomic responses, evaluated through linear and non-linear methods of heart rate variability, and cardiorespiratory parameters in two groups: Parkinson disease (PDG) and control (CG), at rest and during the active tilt test. Methods A total of 48 participants were analyzed (PDG: n = 25;73.40 ± 7.01 years / CG: n = 23;70.17 ± 8.20 years). The autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated at rest and during the active tilt test. To assess the autonomic modulation the linear indices, at the time (rMSSD, SDNN) and frequency (LF, HF, LF/HF) domains, and the non-linear indices, obtained through the Poincaré plot (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2), were calculated. The cardiorespiratory parameters evaluated were heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate. Results At rest, the PDG presented significantly lower values of rMSSD, SDNN, LF, HF, SD1, SD2, and DBP, and higher values of SpO2. During test, in the PD group, modifications were observed in HR, and SBP, besides a reduced parasympathetic response, and an increased global modulation. The qualitative analysis of the Poincaré plot showed that the PDG has a lower dispersion of the RR intervals during rest and the active tilt test. Conclusion Individuals with PD present reduced global variability and parasympathetic modulation at rest, and reduced parasympathetic response and damage in HR regulation when performing the active tilt test, compared with controls.

Resumo Antecedentes A doença de Parkinson (DP) está frequentemente associada a disfunções autonômicas. Porém, dados sobre a influência da DP nas respostas autonômicas às mudanças posturais são limitados. Objetivos Analisar e comparar as respostas autonômicas, avaliadas por métodos lineares e não lineares de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em dois grupos: DP (GDP) e controle (CG), em repouso e durante o tilt test ativo. Métodos Foram analisados 48 participantes (GDP: n = 25;73,40 ± 7,01 anos/GC: n = 23; 70,17 ± 8,20 anos). A modulação autonômica e os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios foram avaliados em repouso e durante o tilt test ativo. Para avaliar a modulação autonômica foram calculados os índices lineares, nos domínios do tempo (rMSSD, SDNN) e frequência (LF, HF, LF/HF), e os índices não lineares, obtidos através do plot de Poincaré (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2). Os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios avaliados foram frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) e frequência respiratória. Resultados Em repouso, o GDP apresentou valores menores de rMSSD, SDNN, LF, HF, SD1, SD2 e PAD, e maiores valores de SpO2. No teste, foram observadas modificações na FC e na PAS, redução da resposta parassimpática e aumento da modulação global no GDP. A análise qualitativa do plot de Poincaré mostrou que o GDP apresentou menor dispersão dos intervalos RR no repouso e no tilt test ativo. Conclusão Indivíduos com DP apresentam redução da variabilidade global e modulação parassimpática em repouso, redução da resposta parassimpática e prejuízo na regulação da FC ao realizar o tilt test ativo, em comparação aos controles.

Abstract The aims of the present study were to estimate the free-of-charge acquisition of psychotropic drugs among Brazilian adults; analyze the distribution of psychotropics according to their presence on the Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME [National List of Essential Medicines]) and acquisition according to the source of funding (free of charge or direct payment); and estimate the proportion of free-of-charge psychotropic drugs according to therapeutic class and presence on the RENAME. This study involved the analysis of data from the 2014 National Survey on the Accessibility, Use and Promotion of the Rational Use of Medicines considering psychotropic drugs used by the adult population (≥20 years; n = 32,348). The prevalence of the acquisition of free-of-charge psychotropic drugs was 53.3% and 64.6% of these drugs were on the RENAME. Among the psychotropic drugs acquired by direct payment, 70.8% were not on the national list. Regarding free-of-charge acquisition according to the therapeutic class and presence on the RENAME, differences were found for antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotics (p <0.05). In conclusion, the most used psychotropic medicines were listed in the RENAME, but free-of-charge acquisition was not provided for all of them.

ABSTRACT Objective: Adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and vitamin D have immunomodulatory actions that could be useful for type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed in this study to investigate the safety and efficacy of ASCs + daily cholecalciferol (VIT D) for 6 months in patients with recent-onset T1D. Materials and methods: In this prospective, dual-center, open trial, patients with recent onset T1D received one dose of allogenic ASC (1 x 106 cells/kg) and cholecalciferol 2,000 UI/day for 6 months (group 1). They were compared to patients who received chol-ecalciferol (group 2) and standard treatment (group 3). Adverse events were recorded; C-peptide (CP), insulin dose and HbA1c were measured at baseline (T0), after 3 (T3) and 6 months (T6). Results: In group 1 (n = 7), adverse events included transient headache (all), mild local reactions (all), tachycardia (n = 4), abdominal cramps (n = 1), thrombophlebitis (n = 4), scotomas (n = 2), and central retinal vein occlusion at T3 (n = 1, resolution at T6). Group 1 had an increase in basal CP (p = 0.018; mean: 40.41+/-40.79 %), without changes in stimulated CP after mixed meal (p = 0.62), from T0 to T6. Basal CP remained stable in groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.58 and p = 0.116, respectively). Group 1 had small insulin requirements (0.31+/- 0.26 UI/kg) without changes at T6 (p = 0.44) and HbA1c decline (p = 0.01). At T6, all patients (100%; n = 7) in group 1 were in honeymoon vs 75% (n = 3/4) and 50% (n = 3/6) in groups 2 and 3, p = 0.01. Conclusions: Allogenic ASC + VIT D without immunosuppression was safe and might have a role in the preservation of β-cells in patients with recent-onset T1D. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03920397.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a validade de conteúdo e de constructo do instrumento de avaliação do desempenho da língua em atividades associadas a jogos digitais. Métodos: para análise de conteúdo, dez fonoaudiólogos responderam um questionário em que cada item do intrumento e o conjunto de itens foram julgados quanto à sua representatividade. Foram calculados o índice de validade de conteúdo e a estatística kappa modificada. Para analisar a validade de constructo, 20 participantes, entre 8 e 13 anos (10 com força de língua adequada e 10 com alteração de força) realizaram uma atividade de jogo com o T-Station, com 12 alvos, 2 N de força e 5 s de sustentação da contração para cada alvo. O desempenho em cada item do instrumento foi comparado entre os grupos. Resultados: a maioria dos itens obteve pontuação satisfatória na avaliação dos fonoaudiólogos. Um item foi removido do instrumento. Os participantes com força da língua reduzida apresentaram pior desempenho do que os com força normal, com diferença estatistica para três itens do instrumento. Conclusão: o instrumento mostrou-se válido como método de avaliação do desempenho nas atividades associadas ao T-Station.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the content and construct validity of an instrument for tongue performance assessment in activities associated with digital games. Methods: to analyze content validity, ten speech-language pathologists answered a questionnaire in which each item of the instrument and the set of items were judged as to its representativeness. The content validity index and the modified Kappa statistics were calculated. To analyze construct validity, 20 participants, with age between 8 and 13 years, (10 children with weak tongues and 10 children with normal tongue strength) performed a game activity with the T-Station, involving 12 targets with 2 N of strength and 5 s of time for sustained contraction for each target. The performance was compared, for each item of the instrument, between groups. Results: most of the items obtained satisfactory score according to the speech-language pathologist’s evaluation. Children with reduced tongue force had a poorer performance than those with normal tongue force, with a statistically significant difference in three items of the instrument. Conclusion: the instrument proved to be valid as a method for evaluating performance in activities associated with the T-Station.

Resumo A erosão hídrica é uma das principais formas de degradação do solo, causando danos econômicos, ambientais e sociais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes estágios de formação de voçorocas (inicial - IG; juvenil - JG; maduro - MG; e senil - SG) nos atributos químicos, matéria orgânica e microbiológicos do solo, utilizando uma floresta secundária (SF) e duas áreas de pastagem como referência no ambiente “Mar de Morros” do bioma Mata Atlântica brasileira. Amostras de solo (profundidade 0-0,05 m) foram coletadas no final das estações chuvosa e seca. As voçorocas em diferentes estágios de formação promoveram diminuição da fertilidade do solo e modificação dos atributos microbiológicos, principalmente quando comparados com a área de floresta secundária. Reduções de mais de 60% no carbono orgânico total (TOC), carbono orgânico oxidável (POXC), atividade da FDA, β-glicosidase, fosfatase ácida, C (MBC) e N (MBN) da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal do solo (BSR) e proteína do solo relacionada à glomalina (GRSP) foram observados em voçorocas nos estágios inicial (IG) e intermediário (JG e MG) quando comparados ao SF. Verificou-se que o efeito da erosão sobre os atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo é mais intenso em voçorocas nos estágios inicial e intermediário em comparação com ao senil (SG). Usando a multivariada PCA, os atributos microbiológicos e químicos do solo discriminaram as voçorocas com distintos estágios de formação. Os atributos químicos, TOC, POXC, atividade FDA, β-glicosidase, fosfatase ácida, MBC and MBN, SBR e GRSP são bons indicadores para avaliar o processo de estabilização da erosão em voçorocas.

Abstract Water erosion is one of the main forms of soil degradation, causing economic, environmental, and social damage. This study evaluated the effects of different formation stages of gullies (initial - IG; juvenile- JG; mature - MG; and senile - SG) on the chemical, organic carbon and microbiological attributes of soil, using a secondary forest (SF) and two areas of pasture as references in the “Mar de Morros” environment of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. Soil samples (depth 0-0.05 m) were collected at the end of the rainy and dry seasons. Gullies in different stages of formation promote a decrease in soil fertility and modification of microbiological attributes, particularly when compared with secondary forest areas. Reductions of over 60% in total organic carbon (TOC), oxidizable organic carbon (POXC), FDA activity, β-glycosidase, acid phosphatase, C and N from microbial biomass, basal soil respiration (BSR) and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) were observed in gullies in early (IG) and intermediate (JG and MG) stages when compared to SF. It was found that the effect of erosion on soil chemical and microbiological attributes is more intense in gullies in the initial and intermediate stages compared with those in the senile stage (SG). Using multivariate PCA, the microbiological and chemical attributes of the soil are discriminated between gullies with distinct formation stages. Chemical attributes, TOC, POXC, FDA activity, β-glycosidase, acid phosphatase, MBC and MBN, BSR, and GRSP are good indicators for evaluating the process of erosion stabilization in gullies.

RESUMO A amplitude crítica na concentração foliar de nitrogênio (NFoliar) pode ser utilizada para monitorar o status de N das plantas, sendo ferramenta essencial para definir protocolos de fertilização estratégica, onde o período e quantidades de fertilizantes são aplicados de acordo com a demanda da pastagem. Foram avaliados parâmetros de produtividade e dois métodos para determinação da suficiência em N - (i) o índice de nutrição nitrogenada (INN) e (ii) o índice normalizado de suficiência em N (INS) - em Brachiaria híbrida Mavuno (Brachiaria spp. Syn. Urochloa spp.) ao longo dos ciclos de rebrotação da primeira estação de crescimento após a semeadura (fase de estabelecimento). Os objetivos do estudo foram estimar amplitude crítica do NFoliar para o capim Mavuno através de seus parâmetros de produtividade, considerando a amostragem da folha mais jovem completamente expandida como referência. Os níveis de fertilização adotados foram: 0 (N0), 15 (N15), 30 (N30) e 45 (N45) kg ha-1 de N, e foram aplicados após cada corte. O medidor de clorofila portátil Falker ClorofiLOG® CFL1030 foi utilizado para obter o Índice de Clorofila Falker (ICF), e os resultados foram utilizados para calcular o INS. Análises de regressão, tomando por base cada ciclo de rebrotação, proveram os parâmetros para estimar de amplitude crítica do NFoliar e os níveis de fertilização requeridos para atingir o máximo acúmulo de forragem (FAc). A densidade populacional de perfilhos foi a principal resposta que contribuiu para aumentos em massa de folhas e colmos, índice de área foliar e FAc com aumentos nos níveis de fertilização. O índice ICF e o método NSI não foram capazes de detectar diferenças em NFoliar, mas o NNI foi considerado adequado para detecção do status de N. A amplitude crítica do NFoliar variou de 2,75 a 3,07%, e pode ser indicada para monitorar o status de N da pastagem. O protocolo de fertilização estratégica sugerido para a estação de crescimento sucessiva ao estabelecimento da pastagem corresponde à aplicação de 42,0 a 46,7 kg ha-1 de N no primeiro ciclo de rebrotação, 27,0 a 32,5 kg ha-1 de N durante os dois ciclos subsequentes, mas para ciclos de rebrotação do final da estação de crescimento (abril a maio) apenas 22,2 a 24,7 kg ha-1 de N seriam suficientes para sustentar o máximo acúmulo de forragem.

ABSTRACT The critical range of leaf nitrogen (%NLeaf) concentration can be used to monitor the plant’s nitrogen (N) status, being an essential tool to define strategic fertilization protocols, where the time and amounts of fertilizers are applied according to pasture’s demand. The productivity parameters and two methods to determine N sufficiency - (i) the N nutrition index (NNI) and (ii) the normalized N sufficiency index (NSI) - were evaluated in Brachiaria hybrid Mavuno (Brachiaria spp. Syn. Urochloa spp.) along the regrowth cycles of the first growth season after seeding (establishment phase). The aims of the study were to estimate the critical %NLeaf for Mavuno grass pastures through productivity parameters, considering the sampling of the youngest expanded leaf as reference. Fertilization rates were defined as follow: no-nitrogen (N0), 15 (N15), 30 (N30) and 45 (N45) kg ha-1 of N and were applied after each cutting. The Falker chlorophyll index (FCI) was obtained from a portable chlorophyll meter Falker ClorofiLOG® CFL1030, and results were used to calculate the NSI. The regression analysis, on a regrowth cycle basis, provided the parameters to estimate the critical range of %NLeaf and the fertilization rates to attain the maximum forage accumulation. Population density of tiller was the main response contributing to increasing leaf and stem mass, leaf area index and forage accumulation as N fertilization increased. The FCI and NSI were unable to capture differences in %NLeaf, but NNI was a suitable tool to detect N status in Mavuno grass. The critical %NLeaf range varied from 2.75 to 3.07% and may be indicated to monitor pasture’s N status. The strategic N fertilization protocol suggested for the growth season after seeding is to apply 42.0 to 46.7 kg ha-1 of N at the first regrowth, 27.0 to 32.5 kg ha-1 of N during the two following regrowth cycles, whereas at the end of the season (April to May regrowth) only 22.2 to 24.7 kg ha-1 of N would be enough to sustain a maximum growth.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar se a área de graduação influencia nos aspectos de saúde bucal avaliados. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 681 estudantes do 2º período de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior foi alocada nos grupos Saúde (S; n=347) e Não Saúde (NS; n=334) e respondeu questionário englobando perfil sociodemográfico e aspectos de saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados pelos Testes Qui-quadrado/Exato de Fisher (α=5%). Resultados A maioria dos estudantes era de sexo feminino (S=70,0%; NS=56,9%; p=0,0004), solteiro (S=82,7%; NS=76,0%; p=0,0429) e não trabalha (S=30,5%; NS=37,7%; p=0,0482). Os grupos diferiram quanto a ter recebido orientações sobre saúde bucal pela mídia (S=19,9%; NS=13,8%; p=0,0333) ou por outros profissionais da saúde (S=25,6%; NS=13,2%; p<0,0001). Quanto aos motivos para a última consulta odontológica, prevaleceu para o grupo S “tratamento” (42,9%) e “dor” (6,9%) enquanto para o grupo NS “revisão, prevenção ou check-up” (41,9%) e “extração” (8,1%) (p=0,0169). O grupo S mostrou-se mais satisfeito em relação à saúde bucal, com menor frequência de relatos sobre autopercepção de mau hálito (S=30,3%; NS=38,3%; p=0,0483). Não houve associação da autopercepção e impactos em saúde bucal (p>0,05). Conclusão Os grupos diferiram quanto à fonte de informações sobre saúde bucal, razão da busca e tipo de tratamento, e autopercepção de mau hálito, com o grupo Saúde referindo maior satisfação com sua saúde bucal.

ABSTRACT Objetive To evaluate whether the area of study of undergraduate students influences oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices, in addition to the use of dental services, self-reported oral morbidity, self-perception and impacts of oral health. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed, with a probabilistic sample of 681 students from the second semester of a Higher Education Institution, who were allocated into Health (H; n = 347) and Non-Health (NH; n = 334) groups, and answered a questionnaire encompassing their sociodemographic profile and aspects of oral health. Data were analyzed by Fisher’s Chi-Square/Exact Test (α = 5%). Results The majority of students were female (H = 70.0%, NH = 56.9%, p = 0.0004), single (H = 82.7%, NH = 76.0%, p = 0.0429) and did not work (H = 30.5%, NH = 37.7%, p = 0.0482). The groups differed in terms of receiving oral health guidelines from the media (H = 19.9%, NH = 13.8%, p = 0.0333) or from other health professionals (H = 25.6%, NH = 13.2%, p <0.0001). Regarding the reasons for their most recent dental appointment, in the Health group “treatment” (42.9%) and “pain” (6.9%) prevailed, while for the Non-Health group “review, prevention or check-up” (41, 9%) and “extraction” (8.1%) (p = 0.0169) were the most prevalent. The Health group was more satisfied with their oral health, with less frequent reports of a self-perception of bad breath (H = 30.3%, NH = 38.3%, p = 0.0483). There was no association between self-perception and impacts on oral health (p> 0.05). Conclusions The groups differed regarding the source of information on oral health, the reason for seeking and type of treatment, and the self-perception of bad breath, with the Health group reporting greater satisfaction with their oral health.

Abstract The object of this study was to compare the clinical complications of 4 different appliances used in the early treatment of anterior open bite (AOB), and to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the number of complications among the appliances. Records from 99 Class I malocclusion patients with AOB treated using bonded spurs, BS, n = 25; chin cup, CC, n = 25; fixed palatal crib, FPC, n = 25; and removable palatal crib, RPC, n = 24) were examined. The total number and frequency of clinical complications that occurred over 12 months were described and compared by using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (Dunn’s post-test) (α = 5%, CI = 95%). The incidence of clinical complications was 66.7%, comprising: breakage, bond failure, maladjustment, allergy, soft-tissue lesion, loss of removable appliance and abandonment. Eighteen patients gave up treatment; this occurred more frequently in the groups with removable appliances. Regarding the total number of complications per patient, Group BS exhibited a significantly higher number than the other groups (p < 0.0001). A low frequency of complications (1 to 3) was found in the groups, except for Group BS, in which 8% of the patients presented moderate frequency (4 to 6). In terms of appliance types (fixed or removable), there was no difference in the incidence of complications (p > 0.094). The null hypothesis was rejected, since the BS group exhibited the highest total number and frequency of complications. There was no difference between fixed and removable appliances in terms of incidence of clinical complications, although more patients using removable appliances abandoned their treatment.

RESUMO A utilização de fertilizantes em doses adequadas promovem impactos positivos na produção e no meio ambiente. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio na produtividade da batata cultivares Ágata e Atlantic em Unaí-MG e Ágata em Mucuge-BA. O cultivo de Ágata e Atlantic foi conduzido em Minas Gerais (Unaí), entre maio a agosto e junho a setembro de 2014, respectivamente. Já na Bahia (Mucugê), Ágata foi cultivada entre setembro a dezembro de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso. Foram avaliadas as doses de 0, 30, 70, 120 e 280 kg ha-1 de N. Na fase de desenvolvimento foram avaliados os teores de macro e micronutrientes em folhas de batateira. No final do ciclo foi avaliada a produção de tubérculos. Na ausência de aplicação de N, observou-se que o P, K, S e B apresentaram teores inferiores ao adequado em Atlantic-MG, os teores de S e Zn foram inferiores ao adequado em Ágata-MG e os teores de N, K, Mg e S foram inferiores ao adequado em Ágata-BA. Os demais nutrientes atenderam as necessidades da batateira, sendo o incremento de N favoráveis ao aumento dos teores da maioria dos nutrientes, em todos os experimentos. As doses máximas de N variam entre 138 e 194 kg ha-1, em região de CTC alta e baixa, respectivamente. O conhecimento da interação entre atributos do solo, condições climáticas e especificidades das cultivares permite aprimorar a predição de dosagem e redução na quantidade ótima, sem afetar os rendimentos.

ABSTRACT The use of fertilizers at appropriate doses positively impacts the production and the environment. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of nitrogen (N) rates on the crop yields of the potato cultivars, Ágata and Atlantic in Unaí, Minas Gerais (MG), and Ágata in Mucugê, Bahia (BA), Brazil. The cultivation of Ágata and Atlantic was conducted in MG from May to August and June to September 2014, respectively. In BA, Ágata was cultivated between September and December 2014. A random block experimental design was used with treatment rates of 0, 30, 70, 120, and 280 kg ha-1 of N. The macro and micronutrient concentrations in potato leaves were evaluated. At the end of the growth cycle, the production of tubers was also evaluated. In the absence of N application, it was observed that P, K, S, and B were below the adequate levels in Atlantic-MG, the S and Zn levels were lower than the adequate levels in Ágata -MG, and the N, K, Mg, and S levels were less than the adequate levels in Ágata-BA. The other nutrients met the needs of the potato, with the N increase being favorable to the levels of most nutrients in all experiments. The maximum rates of N varied between 138 and 194 kg ha-1 in the high and low cationic exchange capacity (CEC) regions, respectively. The knowledge of the interaction among soil attributes, climate conditions and crop specificities allows for the improved prediction of the dosage of N and a reduction in the optimum amount without affecting yields.

SUMMARY: Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized by in vitro high proliferation and multilineage potential maintenance. This study aimed to isolate and characterize equine YS mesenchymal stem cells and compare these with amniotic membranes. The yolk sac (YS) and amniotic membranes (AM) were obtained from 20 pregnant mares with gestational age around 30 days. Cells were cultured in α-MEM supplemented with 15 % FBS, 1 % antibiotic solution, 1 % L-glutamine and 1 % nonessential amino acids. To cell characterization we used cytogenetic analysis, fibroblast colony-forming unit assays, cell growth curves, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, differentiation assays and teratoma formation. Results: Both cell sources presented fibroblastoid and epithelioid-like format. The YS cells have lower colony formation potential then AM ones, 3 versus 8 colonies per 103 plated cells. However, YS cells grew progressively while AM cells showed steady. Both, the YS and amnion cells immunolabeled for Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA-3, cytokeratin 18, PCNA, and vimentin. In addition, presented mesenchymal, hematopoietic, endothelial and pluripotency markers in flow cytometry. Discussion: Both cell sources presented high plasticity and differed into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, and no tumor formation in nude mice was observed. The results suggest that horse YS may be useful for cell therapy such as amnion-derived cells.

RESUMEN: Las células madre mesenquimales se caracterizan por una alta proliferación in vitro y un mantenimiento potencial de múltiples líneas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo aislar y caracterizar las células madre mesenquimales del saco vitelino equinas y compararlas con las membranas amnióticas. Se obtuvo el saco vitelino (SV) y las membranas amnióticas (MA) de 20 yeguas preñadas con edad gestacional de aproximadamente 30 días. Las células se cultivaron en α -MEM suplementado con 15 % de FBS, 1 % de solución antibiótica, 1 % de L-glutamina y 1 % de aminoácidos no esenciales. Para la caracterización celular utilizamos análisis citogenéticos, ensayos de unidades de colonias de fibroblastos, curvas de crecimiento celular, inmunofenotipaje, citometría de flujo, ensayos de diferenciación y formación de teratomas. Ambas fuentes celulares presentaron formato fibroblastoideo y epitelioide. Las células SV tienen un potencial de formación de colonias más bajo que las de MA, 3 versus 8 colonias por 103 células en placa. Sin embargo, las células SV crecieron progresivamente mientras que las células MA se mostraron estables. Tanto las células YS como las células amnios están inmunomarcadas para Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA-3, citoqueratina 18, PCNA y vimentina. Además, presentó marcadores mesenquimales, hematopoyéticos, endoteliales y pluripotenciales en citometría de flujo. Ambas fuentes celulares presentaron alta plasticidad y diferían en linajes osteogénicos, adipogénicos y condrogénicos, y no se observó formación de tumores en ratones. Los resultados sugieren que el SV de caballo puede ser útil para la terapia celular, como las células derivadas de amnios.