RESUMO O umbuzeiro e umbu-cajazeira demandam informações sobre as características de acessos potenciais para implantação comercial e preservação. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o teor foliar e ciclagem dos nutrientes de 15 acessos de umbuzeiro e um de umbucajazeira. Os tratamentos constaram de 16 acessos: BGU -44, BGU-45, BGU-47, BGU-48, BGU-50, BGU-75, EPAMIG-01, EPAMIG-03, EPAMIG-04, EPAMIG-05, EPAMIG-06, EPAMIG-07, EPAMIG-09, EPAMIG-13, umbuzeiro de origem desconhecida e umbu-cajazeira Princesa. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, constituídas de uma planta cada. Foram mensurados os teores de nutrientes nas folhas, nas fases de emissão de fluxo foliar e senescência das folhas, nas safras de 2015/2016 e 2016/2017, e determinou-se a taxa de retranslocação de N, P, K e Mg. Verificou-se que os acessos denotaram teores médios de nutrientes na folha de 28,6; 27,6; 9,5; 4,20; 2,5 e 2,0 g kg-1 com ordem decrescente N>Ca>K>Mg>S>P, respectivamente, e 103,61; 86,22; 82,12; 60,2; 16,0 e 3,52 mg kg-1 de Fe>B>Na>Mn>Zn>Cu, respectivamente. O acesso BGU-48 revelou maior eficiência de retranslocação de N e P nas folhas e o BGU-50 expressou eficiência de reciclagem para K e Mg. A ordem das taxas de retranslocação é K>P>N>Mg sendo maior na safra 2015/2016.

ABSTRACT Information is needed on the characteristics of potential accessions of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara (umbu) and Spondias sp.(umbu-caja) for commercial planting and preservation. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the leaf contents and cycling of nutrients of 15 accessions of umbu and one of umbu -caja. The treatments consisted of 16 accessions: BGU-44, BGU-45, BGU-47, BGU-48, BGU-50, BGU-75, EPAMIG-01, EPAMIG-03, EPAMIG-04, EPAMIG-05, EPAMIG-06, EPAMIG-07, EPAMIG-09, EPAMIG-13, umbu of unknown origin and the umbu-caja Princesa. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, with three replicates, consisting of one plant each. Nutrient contents in the leaves were measured in the leaf flushing and leaf senescence phases in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons, and the N, P, K and Mg retranslocation rates were determined. The accessions showed average leaf nutrient contents of 28.6, 27.6, 9.5, 4.20, 2.5 and 2.0 g kg-1 with the descending order N>Ca>K>Mg>S>P, respectively, and 103.61, 86.22, 82.12, 60.2, 16.0 and 3.52 mg kg-1 of Fe>B>Na>Mn>Zn>Cu, respectively. The accession BGU-48 had higher N and P retranslocation efficiency in the leaves and BGU-50 showed recycling efficiency for K and Mg. The order of retranslocation rates is K>P>N>Mg, being higher in the 2015/2016 season.

ABSTRACT The recommendations of nitrogen (N) fertilization in garlic are still based on different varieties of the current types that are infected with phytopathogenic virus. There are several methods for recommendation of nitrogen (N) fertilization in garlic, but there are no enough methods for N diagnosis in garlic obtained by meristem culture. The objective of this work was to evaluate methods for diagnosing the nutritional status of virus-free garlic subjected to N doses through the use of a specific NO3- meter in soil solution and foliar sap, portable chlorophyll meter, N content in the leaf, and its relationship with yield and quality of the bulbs. The experiments were conducted with the use of virus-free seed bulbs from the meristem culture from three sites in the 2015 growing season and two locations in the 2016 growing season in South Brazil. The treatments consisted of the application of five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha-1) distributed in three applications during the crop cycle: 1/3 in planting, 1/3 between 30 and 40 days after planting, and 1/3 after visual bulb differentiation. The highest commercial yield was associated with doses between 269 and 307 kg ha-1 of N and the content of 26 g kg-1 of N, in the diagnostic leaf. The relative chlorophyll content was the only diagnostic technology that showed a significant correlation with commercial yield in all experimental conditions. The evaluation of the N status in the virus-free garlic crop by a portable chlorophyll meter can be a quick strategy for recommending N fertilization and ensuring high yields.

O conhecimento do teor natural de As e Cd em solos é importante para monitorar o risco de possível entrada desses elementos na cadeia alimentar por fontes antropogênicas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o teor natural de As e Cd em solos representativos do bioma Cerrado. Foram coletados solos de três sub-regiões: G (leste de Goiás), T (Triângulo Mineiro) e N (nordeste de MG). Para determinar os teores de As e Cd, as amostras de solo foram submetidas à digestão em forno de micro-ondas, protocolo USEPA 3051A, determinação em espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletro térmica. Os teores médios de As decresceram na seguinte ordem: sub-região G (3,29 mg kg-1) > sub-região T (2,18 mg kg-1) > sub-região N (0,62 mg kg-1). Para Cd, os teores nos solos das sub-regiões G (2,45 µg kg-1) e T (1,88 µg kg-1) foram iguais e superiores aos da N (1,16 µg kg-1). Os maiores teores de As e Cd foram encontrados na sub-região G em perfis de Plintossolo e Cambissolo, enquanto os menores teores foram encontrados em perfis de Neossolo Quartzarênico.

Knowledge on As and Cd levels in soils is important to monitor the entry of these elements into the food chain from anthropogenic sources. The purpose of this study was to determine the natural content of As and Cd in representative soils of the Cerrado region, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from three sub-regions: G (eastern Goiás), T (Triângulo Mineiro) and N (northeastern MG). To determine the soil levels of As and Cd, samples were digested by acid attack in a microwave oven, using USEPA 3051A. The element content was quantified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The average As levels decreased in the following order: sub-region G (3.29 mg kg-1), sub-region T (2.18 mg kg-1) and sub-region N (0.62 mg kg-1). For Cd, the soil levels in the sub-regions G (2.45 µg kg-1) and T (1.88 µg kg-1) were equal to and higher than in N (1.16 µg kg-1). The greatest concentrations of As and Cd were found in G (Plinthosols and Inceptisols), whereas the lowest levels were found in the Neosols.

A fêmea de Aguatala compsa Young é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez com base em espécimes provenientes da Colômbia, consistindo em novo registro de distribuição para o gênero monotípico Aguatala Young. A genitália feminina de A. compsa é detalhadamente descrita e comparada com aquelas de gêneros supostamente próximos, pertencentes ao grupo genérico Erythrogonia (sensu Young).

The female of Aguatala compsa Young is for the first time described and illustrated based on specimens from Colombia. This consists also on a new distribution record for the monotypic genus Aguatala Young. The female genitalia of A. compsa are described in detail and compared with those of supposedly related genera belonging to the Erythrogonia generic group (sensu Young).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica de decomposição e a liberação de nutrientes da parte aérea de plantas de soja cultivar Celeste, para fins de adubação verde. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Nas parcelas, as plantas foram cortadas rente ao solo aos 55, 85 e 115 dias após a emergência (DAE) e foram analisadas quanto à decomposição do material vegetal e liberação de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, colocando-se 60 g de matéria fresca da parte aérea em sacos de tela, distribuídos sobre a superfície das parcelas no campo. Nas subparcelas, as taxas de redução de massa de matéria seca e de liberação de nutrientes foram monitoradas mediante análises aos 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias após os cortes das plantas. O modelo exponencial X = X0e-kt demonstrou dinâmicas não muito contrastantes, para os materiais cortados aos 55, 85 e 115 DAE. Apesar de o clima possivelmente ter influenciado na liberação de K, não causou diferenças significativas na decomposição de matéria seca e na liberação de N e fósforo. As plantas de soja, cortadas em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, apresentam taxas similares de decomposição e de liberação de nutrientes.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of decomposition and release of nutrients from aerial plant parts of the soybean cultivar Celeste used as green manure. A randomized block design was adopted with five replications. Soybean plants were cut close to the soil surface 55, 85 and 115 days after emergency (DAE), and analysed to determine their decomposition and release of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, by placing 60 g of fresh material of the aerial part in nylon screen bags, that were distributed on field plots surface . The rates of loss of dry matter and of nutrient release were monitored in the 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after plant cut. The exponential model X = X0e-kt demonstrated that the dynamics of the material cut in the 55, 85 and 115 DAE were not so contrasting. The climate could have interfered on the results, principally on K release rates, however it did not cause mean differences on the biomass decomposition and N and P release. Soybean plant material from cut plants, at different growth stages, present similar rates of decomposition and nutrient release.