Abstract Parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes is a challenge for small ruminant farming worldwide. It causes productive and economic losses, especially due to parasite resistance to conventional anthelmintics. Natural compounds with antiparasitic activity are a potential alternative for controlling these parasites especially when considering the widespread occurrence of anthelmintic resistance. Our objective was to evaluate the activity of anacardic acid, geraniol, cinnamaldehyde and citronellal on Haemonchus contortus isolates with different levels of anthelmintic resistance profiles. These compounds were tested using egg hatch assays (EHAs), larval development tests (LDTs) as well as LDTs on mini-fecal cultures, on the Haemonchus contortus isolates Kokstad (KOK-resistant to all anthelmintics), Inbred-Strain-Edinburgh (ISE-susceptible to all anthelmintics) and Echevarria (ECH-susceptible to all anthelmintics). Effective concentrations to inhibit 50% (EC50) and 95% (EC95) of egg hatching and larval development were calculated. Results for EHA and LDT for all tested compounds, considering EC50 and EC95 values, showed low variation among the studied isolates with most RF values below 2x. All studied compounds showed efficacy against egg hatching and larval development of H. contortus isolates regardless of anthelmintic resistance profiles. The compounds with the smallest EC50 and EC95 values were cinnamaldehyde and anacardic acid making them promising candidates for future in vivo studies.

Resumo A infecção por nematoides gastrintestinais é um dos principais desafios na produção de pequenos ruminantes e ocasiona perdas produtivas, principalmente, devido à resistência anti-helmíntica. Bioativos com atividade anti-helmíntica são potencial alternativa para o controle desses parasitos em especial, considerando-se a ampla incidência de resistência anti-helmíntica nos rebanhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade biológica do ácido anacárdico, geraniol, cinamaldeído e citronelal em isolados de Haemonchus contortus com diferentes perfis de resistência anti-helmíntica. Foram realizados testes de eclosão de ovos (TEO), testes de desenvolvimento larvar (TDL) e TDLs em minicoproculturas, utilizando-se o isolado Kokstad (resistente a todos os anti-helmínticos), o isolado Inbred-Strain-Edinburgh (suscetível) e o isolado Echevarria (suscetível). Foram calculadas as concentrações efetivas para inibir 50% (CE50) e 95% (CE95) da eclodibilidade dos ovos e do desenvolvimento larvar. Resultados de TEO e TDL apresentaram baixa variação entre os diferentes isolados para um mesmo composto testado com fatores de resistência geralmente abaixo de 2x. Todos os compostos estudados mostraram eficácia contra a eclosão de ovos e desenvolvimento larvar de isolados de H. contortus independente do perfil de resistência anti-helmíntica dos mesmos. Os compostos que apresentaram atividade nas menores concentrações foram cinamaldeído e ácido anacárdico, sendo estes os componentes mais promissores para futuros estudos in vivo.

Theoretical knowledge associated with classical thermodynamics is present in the most diverse branches of science and engineering, being extremely important for the understanding of daily phenomena and more complex phenomena. However, it is common to observe high difficulties in the teaching and learning process of this theme, connected, in a lot, to the usage of the traditional teaching methodology and the students’ lack of motivation. In this context, this study aims to map active methodologies and the main educational technologies currently used to make the teaching of classical thermodynamics playful and visual for students. Therefore, we sought to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the Mendeley research platform, in the time frame from 2018 to 2021 and in Portuguese. In addition, a search for free access games, applications and web pages was carried out, on Google play and Google search digital platforms, resulting in five (5) games/applications/electronic sites that were included to compose the similar analysis step of this study. We concluded that there are few reports on the use of active methodologies in the teaching of classical thermodynamics and that they do so in a way that makes it more playful and more visual. In addition, the five games/applications/web pages analyzed showed a non-playful and visual interface, and thus there is a need to develop new, more playful and visual educational technologies aimed at the teaching of classical thermodynamics at the most diverse levels of education, among these the games stand out.

El conocimiento teórico asociado a la termodinámica clásica está presente en las más diversas ramas de la ciencia y la ingeniería, siendo de suma importancia para la comprensión de los fenómenos cotidianos hasta los fenómenos complejos, que se conectan con los grandes descubrimientos científicos del mundo moderno. Sin embargo, es común observar una alta dificultad en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de este tema, ligada, en gran parte, al uso de la metodología de enseñanza tradicional y a la gran falta de motivación de los estudiantes. En este contexto, este estudio tiene como objetivo mapear metodologías activas y las principales tecnologías educativas utilizadas actualmente para hacer que la enseñanza de la termodinámica sea lúdica y visual para los estudiantes. Para ello, buscamos realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la plataforma de investigación Mendeley, en el marco temporal de 2018 a 2021 y en portugués. Además, se realizó una búsqueda de juegos/aplicaciones/sitios electrónicos de libre acceso, en las plataformas digitales Google play - Google search, resultando cinco juegos/aplicaciones/sitios que fueron incluidos para componer el paso de análisis similar. Se concluyó que existen pocos reportes sobre el uso de metodologías activas en la enseñanza de la termodinámica y que lo hacen de una forma más lúdica y visual. Además, los cinco juegos/aplicaciones/sitios analizados mostraron una interfaz no lúdica y visual, y de este modo, surge la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas tecnologías educativas más lúdicas y visuales, dirigidas a la enseñanza de la termodinámica en los más diversos niveles educativos.

Os conhecimentos teóricos associados à termodinâmica clássica estão presentes nos mais diversos ramos das ciências e da engenharia, sendo de extrema importância para a compreensão dos fenômenos do cotidiano até fenômenos complexos, que estão conectados às grandes descobertas científicas do mundo moderno. No entanto, é comum observarmos elevada dificuldade no processo de ensino e aprendizagem deste tema, atrelada, em muito, a utilização da metodologia tradicional de ensino e a grande desmotivação dos discentes. Neste contexto, este estudo objetiva mapear metodologias ativas e as principais tecnologias educacionais utilizadas atualmente para tornar o ensino da termodinâmica clássica lúdico e visual para os discentes. Para tanto, buscou-se realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura na plataforma de pesquisa Mendeley, no recorte temporal de 2018 a 2021 e idioma português. Além disso, foi realizada uma busca por jogos, aplicativos e sítios eletrônicos de acesso livre, nas plataformas digitais Google play e Google busca, resultando em cinco (5) jogos/aplicativos/sítios eletrônicos que foram incluídos para compor a etapa de análise de similares deste estudo. Concluiu-se que existem poucos relatos sobre a utilização de metodologias ativas no ensino de termodinâmica clássica e que o façam de maneira a torná-lo mais lúdico e mais visual. Além disso, os cinco jogos/aplicativos/sítios eletrônicos analisados mostraram uma interface pouco lúdica e visual, e dessa forma tem-se a necessidade de desenvolver novas tecnologias educacionais lúdicas e visuais voltadas para o ensino da termodinâmica clássica nos mais diversos níveis da educação, dentre estas os jogos se destacam.

ABSTRACT Seed microbiolization has been increasingly contributed to researches due to its beneficial action in the initial growth of seedlings and control of phytopathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth and control of fungi associated with cowpea seeds by the seed microbiolization with commercial strains of Trichoderma spp. Seeds of cowpea cultivar 'BRS Gurguéia' were analyzed in a completely randomized design, with four replications, using five commercial strains based on Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum (Trichodermax®, Quality®, Trichodermil®, Agroguard® and Ecotrich®) and two control treatments, represented by untreated seeds (negative control) and the fungicide carbendazim (positive control). Sanity, germination, emergence and electrical conductivity tests of seeds were carried out to confirm the hypotheses. Seed microbiolization with Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma harzianum are effective in reducing the incidence of fungi and have antimicrobial activity similar to synthetic fungicide. The strains T. asperellum T-211 (Trichodemax®), T. asperellum URM-5911 (Quality®) e T. harzianum ESALQ-1306 (Trichodermil®) promote increases for seed vigor. The percentage of seed emergence is maximized with the application of strains T. asperellum (Quality® and Trichodemax®). The commercial strains of Trichoderma tested increase the initial growth of cowpea seedlings cv. 'BRS Gurguéia'.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o trabalho em equipe na Estratégia Saúde da Família, na perspectiva de profissionais do Departamento de Atenção Básica e do gestor municipal/secretário municipal de saúde de uma Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Métodos: estudo exploratório/qualitativo. Participaram todos os profissionais do Departamento e gestor municipal/secretário municipal de saúde/interior de Minas Gerais. Coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas/maio a novembro/2019. Análise de dados: Análise de Conteúdo/modalidade temática e referencial teórico de processo de trabalho. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: Relações interprofissionais permeadas por instrumentos não materiais do trabalho; Formação, experiência e perfil profissionais influenciam o trabalho em equipe; Propostas para concretização do trabalho em equipe na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Resultados revelaram pressupostos para trabalho em equipe na referida Estratégia, facilitadores/dificultadores/estratégias para efetivação, segundo os profissionais. Considerações Finais: colaboração/ comunicação/proatividade facilitam trabalho em equipe. Necessidade de aproximação entre gestão municipal e Estratégia Saúde da Família para concretização do trabalho em equipe.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the teamwork in the Family Health Strategy from the perspective of professionals from the Primary Care Department and the municipal manager/secretary of health of a Municipal Health Secretariat. Methods: an exploratory/qualitative study. All professionals of the Department and municipal manager/municipal health secretary/interior of Minas Gerais participated. Data collection was through semi-structured interviews/May to November/2019. Data analysis: Content analysis/thematic mode and work process theoretical referential. Results: three categories emerged: Inter-professional relations permeated by non-material instruments of work; Professional training, experience, and profile influence teamwork; and Proposals for the realization of teamwork in the Family Health Strategy. Results revealed assumptions for teamwork in the referred Strategy, facilitators/difficulties/strategies for its realization, according to the professionals. Final Considerations: collaboration/communication/proactivity to facilitate teamwork. Need for approximation between municipal management and Family Health Strategy to achieve teamwork.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar trabajo en equipo en Estrategia de Salud Familiar, en la perspectiva de profesionales del Departamento de Atención Básica y gestor municipal/secretario municipal de salud de una Secretaría Municipal de Salud. Métodos: estudio exploratorio/cualitativo. Participaron todos los profesionales del Departamento y gestor municipal/secretario municipal de salud/interior de Minas Gerais. Recolecta de datos por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas/mayo hasta noviembre/2019. Análisis de datos: Análisis de Contenido/modalidad temática y referencial teórico de proceso de trabajo. Resultados: emergieron tres categorías: Relaciones interprofesionales permeadas por instrumentos no materiales del trabajo; Formación, experiencia y perfil profesionales influencian el trabajo en equipo; Propuestas para realización del trabajo en equipo en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Resultados revelaron presupuestos para trabajo en equipo en dicha Estrategia, facilitadores/dificultadores/estrategias para efectuación, según los profesionales. Consideraciones Finales: colaboración/ comunicación/proactividad facilitan trabajo en equipo. Necesidad de acercamiento entre gestión municipal y Estrategia de Salud Familiar para realización del trabajo en equipo.

RESUMO A resina furfurílica (RF) é uma bioresina obtida a partir do álcool furfurílico (AF), extraído de fontes renováveis. Essa resina quando curada apresenta excelentes características, como elevada dureza, estabilidade química e boa resistência mecânica, que viabilizam sua utilização em diferentes áreas, destacando-se os setores aeroespacial e de bioengenharia. No entanto, a sua utilização em larga escala ainda é limitada, devido ao difícil controle do seu processo de síntese, pois a reação de policondensação do AF é extremamente exotérmica. O presente trabalho visa contribuir com a área de síntese da RF, por meio do estudo de sua obtenção em meio ácido e em baixa temperatura (∼50 ºC), variando os tempos de reação (1, 2 e 3 h), visando um maior controle da exotermia do meio reacional. O sucesso das sínteses realizadas foi comprovado por análises de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, que evidenciaram a presença de cetonas e estruturas de acordo com Diels-Alder e de Dunlop e Peters. Medidas de viscosidade apresentaram baixos valores (230 a 470 mPa.s), os quais são concordantes com as baixas massas molares obtidas por cromatografia de permeação em gel ( M ¯ w: ∼800 g/mol). Esses resultados mostram que as condições de síntese utilizadas desfavoreceram cineticamente o avanço da reação; porém, não promoveram picos exotérmicos. As análises termogravimétricas (TGA) das RFs curadas com ácido p-toluenosulfônico (2 e 3%, m/m) mostraram perdas de massa desde o início da análise, devido à presença de água e de frações de baixa massa molar na amostra. Esses resultados são concordantes com as imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, que mostraram um elevado volume de poros. Resultados relevantes foram observados nas análises de TGA sob atmosfera inerte, com valores elevados de carbono fixo (50–60%), indicando o potencial uso das RFs sintetizadas na área de materiais carbonosos.

ABSTRACT Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) is a bioresin obtained from furfuryl alcohol (FA) extracted from renewable sources. This resin, when cured, has excellent characteristics, such as high hardness, chemical stability, and good mechanical resistance, which make its use in different areas viable, especially in the aerospace and bioengineering sectors. However, its use on a large scale is still limited due to the difficult control of its synthesis process since the polycondensation reaction of FA is extremely exothermic. The present work aims to contribute to the area of PFA synthesis, through the study of its obtainment in acidic medium and at low temperature (∼50 ºC), varying the reaction times (1, 2, and 3 h), aiming at greater control of the exothermy of the reaction medium. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the syntheses success, which showed the presence of ketones and structures according to Diels-Alder and the Dunlop and Peters. Viscosity measurements showed low values (230 to 470 mPa.s), which are in agreement with the low molar masses obtained by gel permeation chromatography ( M ¯ w: ∼800 g/mol). These results show that the synthesis conditions used kinetically unfavored the progress of the reaction but avoided exothermic peaks. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the PFAs cured with p-toluenesulfonic acid (2 and 3%, w/w) showed mass losses since the beginning of the analysis due to the presence of water and low molar mass fractions in the sample. These data agree with the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy, which showed a high volume of pores. Relevant results were observed in the TGA analysis under an inert atmosphere, with high values of carbon yield (50–60%), indicating the potential use of synthesized PFAs in the area of carbon materials.

Resumo Fundamentos As doenças isquêmicas do coração (DIC) são a primeira causa de mortes dentre as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Objetivo Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e analisar tendência da taxa de mortalidade por DIC, segundo sexo e por faixa etária, nos estados da região Nordeste do Brasil, 1996-2016. Métodos Estudo ecológico envolvendo a mortalidade por DIC nos estados do Nordeste. Variáveis analisadas: sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, categoria do CID-10 e estado de residências. Foram calculadas taxas brutas e padronizadas. Os dados de óbitos foram coletados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; e os dados populacionais, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Nas análises temporais, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão, com cálculo do percentual de variação anual (APC, Annual Percent Change) e do percentual de variação médio do período (AAPC, Average Annual Percent Change). Considerou-se intervalo de confiança de 95% e significância de 5%. Resultados Registrou-se 405.916 óbitos por DIC na região Nordeste durante o período estudado. O perfil de óbitos caracteriza-se por homens (n=229.006; 56,42%), idosos (n=301.379; 74,25%), raça/cor parda (n=197.936; 48,76%), fundamental ou <4 anos na escola (n=232.599; 57,30%) e casados (n=179.599; 44,25%). Houve destaque incomum para o aumento na taxa de incremento anual na faixa etária de adolescentes (AAPC: 5,2%, p<0,01). A taxa de mortalidade regional padronizada cresceu de 30,7/100 mil habitantes, em 1996, para 53,8/100 mil, em 2016 (AAPC:2,8%; p<0,01). Todos os nove estados apresentaram tendência estatisticamente significante de crescimento, com ênfases para o Maranhão (AAPC:7,6%; p<0,01) e o Piauí (AAPC:6,0%; p<0,01). Conclusão O perfil prevalente observado foi de homens, idosos, raça/cor parda, baixa escolaridade e casados. A mortalidade por DIC apresentou tendência de crescimento em todos os estados, ainda que com padrão desigual entre as unidades federadas.

Abstract Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death among cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective To describe the sociodemographic profile and analyze the trend in the mortality rate due to IHD, according to sex and by age group, in the states of the Northeast region of Brazil, from 1996 to 2016. Methods Ecological study involving IHD mortality in the northeastern states. Variables analyzed: sex, age, education, marital status, ICD-10 category and state of residence. Crude and standardized rates were calculated. Death data were collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In temporal analyzes the regression model by inflection points was used, with the calculation of annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change of the period (AAPC). A 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 5% were considered. Results 405916 deaths due to IHD were registered in the northeast region during the study period. The death profile is characterized by men (n=229006; 56,42%), elderly (n=301379; 74,25%), race/color brown (n=197936; 48,76%), elementary or <4 years at school (n=232599; 57,30%) and married (n=179599; 44,25%). There was an unusual highlight to the increase in the annual growth rate in the age group of adolescents (AAPC: 5,2%, p <0.01). The standardized regional mortality rate grew from 30,7 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1996 to 53.8 per 100,000 in 2016 (AAPC 2.8%; p<0.01). All nine states presented a statistically significant growth trend, with emphasis on Maranhão (AAPC 7,6%; p<0.01) and Piauí (AAPC 6,0%; p<0.01). Conclusion The prevalent observed profile was male, elderly, race/color brown, low education level and married. Mortality due to IHD presented an upward trend in all states, although with an uneven pattern among the federated units.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a relação da antropometria e composição corporal com o equilíbrio postural dinâmico em idosas com baixa Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO). Métodos: 45 idosas (≥ 60 anos), baixa DMO e diagnóstico nutricional entre baixo peso e sobrepeso. Para a avaliação da composição corporal utilizou-se a densitometria por emissão de raios x de dupla energia e exame antropométrico para aferir: massa corporal (kg), estatura (cm) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) (k/m2). A avaliação do equilíbrio postural dinâmico foi realizada pelo teste clínico mini Balance Master Evaluation System, pelo teste computadorizado Balance Master ® System e pelos testes Sit-to-Stand e Step Up/Over. Resultados: Houve correlação negativa do miniBESTest (r = − 0,566; p ≤ 0,001) e tempo de subir e descer um degrau (r = − 0,393; p ≤ 0,007) com a massa gorda, e correlação positiva do miniBESTest (r = 0,526; p ≤ 0,001) e tempo de subir e descer um degrau com a massa muscular (r = 0,297; p ≤ 0,04). Quanto às variáveis antropométricas, apenas a estatura apresentou correlação positiva (r = 0,296; p ≤ 0,04) com a velocidade no teste de sentar-se e levantar-se. Conclusão: A massa magra reduz as oscilações posturais. Em contrapartida, a massa gorda interfere de forma negativa no equilíbrio postural dinâmico de mulheres com baixa DMO. A estatura esteve relacionada ao equilíbrio postural dinâmico: quanto mais altas as idosas pior era seu equilíbrio. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos prognósticos - Investigação do efeito de característica de um paciente sobre o desfecho da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between anthropometry and body composition with dynamic postural balance in elderly women with low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 45 older women (≥ 60 years), low BMD and nutritional diagnosis of low weight to overweight. For the assessment of body composition, Dual energy X-ray emission densitometry and anthropometric examination were used to measure: body mass (kg), height (cm) and BMI (k/m2). The assessment of dynamic postural balance was performed by the mini Balance Master Evaluation System clinical test and the computerized Balance Master® System test by the Sit to Stand and Step Up/Over tests. Results: There was a negative correlation between miniBESTest (r = − 0.566; p ≤ 0.001) and time to ascend and descend step (r = − 0.393; p ≤ 0.007) with fat mass, and positive correlation with miniBESTest (r = 0.526; p ≤0.001) and time to go up and down a step with muscle mass (r = 0.297; p ≤ 0.04). As for anthropometric variables, only height showed a positive correlation (r = 0.296; p ≤ 0.04) with the speed in the sit and stand test. Conclusion: Lean mass reduces postural oscillations; in contrast, fat mass negatively interfered with dynamic postural balance in women with low BMD. Height was related to dynamic postural balance, the taller the elderly, the worse their balance. Level of Evidence II, Prognostic Studies - Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on the Outcome of Disease.

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is among the major pathogens involved in food poisoning, and meat contaminated with S. aureus coagulase positive is considered a public health risk because the bacterium is resistant to several conventional antimicrobials. Mycocins are substances produced by yeasts that secrete glycoproteins, which can also be called toxin killers, they have an inhibitory action on other microorganisms. The Wickerhamomyces anomalus, is one of the microorganisms capable of producing these mycocins, resulting in the action of disturbances on the cell wall of the pathogen causing deleterious effects. This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the mycocins produced by W. anomalus WA45 against the 29 strains of S. aureus coagulase positive isolated from bovine, porcine and chicken meat and 1 standard strain. The antimicrobial action of the mycocins present on the culture supernatant of W. anomalus WA45 was tested by microdilution and the results were satisfactory, since 100% inhibition of strains of S. aureus coagulase positive. We concluded that the mycocins present in the supernatant of W. anomalus WA45 showed antimicrobial action, being candidates for the development of new products for the biocontrol and bioconservation of meat.

BACKGROUND The high demand for adequate material for the gold standard reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based diagnosis imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, combined with the inherent contamination risks for healthcare workers during nasopharyngeal swab (NP) sample collection and the discomfort it causes patients, brought the need to identify alternative specimens suitable for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to compare saliva and gingival fluid swabs to NP swabs as specimens for RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. METHODS We compared gingival fluid swabs (n = 158) and saliva (n = 207) to the rayon-tipped NP swabs obtained from mild-symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects as specimens for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. FINDINGS When compared to NP swabs, gingival fluid swabs had a concordance rate of 15.4% among positive samples, zero among inconclusive, and 100% among negative ones. For saliva samples, the concordance rate was 67.6% among positive samples, 42.9% among inconclusive, and 96.8% among negative ones. However, the concordance rate between saliva and NP swabs was higher (96.9%) within samples with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values (Ct > 10 ≤ 25). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that whereas gingival fluid swabs are not substitutes for NP swabs, saliva might be considered whenever NP swabs are not available or recommended.

BACKGROUND Trypanosomatids are widespread and cause diseases - such as trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis - in animals and humans. These diseases occur in both rural and urban regions due to unplanned growth and deforestation. Thus, wild and synanthropic reservoir hosts living in residential areas are risk factors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the diversity of small mammals (rodents and marsupials), and the occurrence of trypanosomatids, especially Leishmania, in the rural settlement of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas. METHODS Animals were collected using Sherman, Tomahawk, and Pitfall traps along 16 trails in four landscapes: continuous forest, forest with planting, planting, and peridomiciliar. Leishmania sp. was detected in liver samples by polymerase chain reaction targeting kDNA. FINDINGS Diversity was higher in forests with planting and lower around residences. In total, 135 mammals (81 rodents and 54 marsupials covering 14 genera) were captured. Rodents presented infection rates (IR) of 74% and marsupials of 48%. Rodents in domicile landscapes presented a higher IR (92.9%), while marsupials showed a higher IR in forests (53.3%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS The results suggest high prevalence of trypanosomatids across 12 mammalian genera possibly involved as reservoir hosts in the enzootic transmission of leishmaniasis in the Amazon’s rural, peridomiciliar landscape.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o nível de conhecimento e aceitabilidade da vacina contra o HPV entre adolescentes vacinados e não vacinados na Amazônia Ocidental. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal com adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. O instrumento usado para coletar dados contém informações demográficas e socioeconômicas e 27 perguntas que avaliam o conhecimento e a aceitabilidade da vacina contra o HPV. Para comparar a prevalência de adolescentes vacinados com as respostas corretas para perguntas sobre conhecimento, aceitabilidade e vacinação contra o HPV, o modelo de regressão de Poisson de variância robusta foi utilizado no software Stata 13.0. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 190 adolescentes, 60,5% (n=115) na faixa etária de vacinação recomendada pelo governo brasileiro; dentre eles, 53,9% (n=62) relataram não ter sido vacinados (p<0,001). A proporção de resultados corretos entre os adolescentes foi de 78,9% (n=150), que reconheceram o HPV como vírus; 63,7% (n=121) relataram o HPV como causa de câncer do colo do útero. Os participantes que sabem que o HPV é um fator causal no câncer do colo do útero têm 1,94 (IC 1,18-3,18; p=0,009) vez mais chances de terem sido vacinados do que aqueles que não sabem. Entre os entrevistados, as principais fontes de conhecimento sobre a vacina foram escolas (51,6%) e profissionais de saúde (22,6%). CONCLUSÃO Adolescentes não vacinados apresentam lacunas de conhecimento sobre o HPV e sua vacina quando comparados aos vacinados. Nossos resultados enfatizam a necessidade de campanhas eficazes para fornecer informações adequadas sobre o HPV e sua vacina a adolescentes, pais e profissionais de saúde.

SUMMARY PURPOSE To analyze the level of knowledge about and the acceptability of the HPV vaccine among vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents in the Western Amazon. METHODS A cross-sectional study on adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. The instrument used to collect data contains demographic and socioeconomic information and 27 questions that assess the knowledge and acceptability of the HPV vaccine. To compare the prevalence of vaccinated adolescents with the correct answers to questions about HPV and acceptability and vaccination, the robust variance Poisson regression model was used in the Stata 13.0 software. FINDINGS A total of 190 adolescents participated in the study, 60.5% in the age group of vaccination recommended by the Brazilian government, among them, 53.9% reported not having been vaccinated (p <0.001). A total of 150 (78.9%) adolescents correctly recognized HPV as a virus; 121 (63.7%) recognized HPV as a cause of cervical cancer. Participants who know HPV is a causative factor for cervical cancer are 1.94 times more likely to have been vaccinated than those who do not. Among the interviewees, the main sources of knowledge about the vaccine were schools (51.6%) and health professionals (22.6%). CONCLUSION Unvaccinated adolescents have knowledge gaps about HPV and its vaccine when compared to those vaccinated. Our results emphasize the need for effective campaigns to deliver adequate information about HPV and its vaccine to adolescents, their parents, and health professionals.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Snakebites represent a serious global public health problem, especially in tropical countries. In Brazil, the incidence of snakebites ranges from 19 to 22 thousand cases per 100000 persons annually. The state of Rondônia, in particular, has had an increasing incidence of snakebites. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study on snakebites was conducted from January 2007 to December 2018. Brazil’s Information System for Notifiable Diseases was queried for all snakebites reported in Porto Velho, Ariquemes, Cacoal, and Vilhena. Data on land surface temperatures during the day and night, precipitation, and humidity were obtained using the Google Earth Engine. A Bayesian time series model was constructed to describe the pattern of snakebites and their relationship with climate data. RESULTS: In total, 6326 snakebites were reported in Rondônia. Accidents were commonly caused by Bothrops sp. (n=2171, 81.80%). Snakebites most frequently occurred in rural areas (n=2271, 85.5%). Men, with a median age of 34 years (n=2101, 79.1%), were the most frequent bitten. Moderate clinical manifestation was the most common outcome of an accident (n=1101, 41.50%). There were clear seasonal patterns with respect to rainfall, humidity, and temperature. Rainfall and land surface temperature during the day or night did not increase the risk of snakebites in any city; however, changes in humidity increased the risk of snakebites in all cities. CONCLUSION: This study identified the population exposed to snakes and the influence of anthropic and climatic factors on the incidence of snakebites. According to climate data, changes in humidity increased the risk of snakebites.

Abstract Rubber tree is the main source of natural rubber in the world. Because of its economic importance, cultivation was accentuated in several regions of Brazil in the form of monoculture, thus favoring insects to establish in the crop. Among them, the West Indian red scale cochineal Selenaspidus articulatus stands out, responsible for injuring rubber plants due to sap sucking. This work evaluated the fluctuation of S. articulatus in rubber tree clones. Sampling was carried out by collecting leaves every 15 days from PB 235, RRIM 600, PR 255 and GT 1 clones during the period of March 2013 and March 2014. RRIM 600 clone showed the highest population level of S. articulatus, with a population peak of 14.88 insects/leaf in June. PR 255 clone had the lowest scale infestation, demonstrating this clone’s possible resistance to this species. This is the first report of S. articulatus occurrence in Goiás.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the volatile composition and sensory characteristics of virgin olive oils (VOOs) from eight olive cultivars grown in the southeast region of Brazil. The volatiles were extracted by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to MassSpectrometry (GC-MS). The dominant sensory attributes were determined by Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS). C5 and C6 alcohols and C6 aldehydes were the most abundant volatiles in the investigated VOOs. E-2-hexenal was among the majorityof volatiles in all investigated olive oils, mainly in VOOs fromcultivars Arbequina, Arbosana and Grappolo 541, in which it had the most of their chromatographic area (about 60-80%). VOOs from cultivars Maria da Fé, Mission, Arbosana and Arbequina were characterized by the dominance of pungency sensation, as well as Frantoio regarding to bitter. Grappolo yielded an olive oil withpredominance of bitter, and a blended VOO (Grappolo 541 and Arbequina) had predominance of green leaf. VOO from Ascolano cultivar had dominance of fruity and pungency. Overall, pungent was the main dominant sensation in most of the investigated VOOs, which can be related to C5 and C6 volatiles.

Resumo Introdução Adultos usam serviços odontológicos públicos ou privados. Objetivo Identificar fatores associados ao uso dos serviços odontológicos provenientes do SUS entre adultos brasileiros, considerando aspectos contextuais e individuais. Método Foram utilizados dados contextuais de 177 municípios do DATA/SUS, do IBGE, do Atlas Brasil e do Projeto SB Brasil/2010, bem como dados individuais de uma amostra pobabilistica do SB Brasil/2010 coletados por dentistas calibrados. O SPSS 19.0® foi utilizado nas análises descritivas e bivariadas, e o STATA 14.0®, na análise multinível. Resultados A prevalência do uso de serviços no SUS foi de 37,9%. O uso de serviços no SUS foi maior nos municípios com pior acesso à coleta de lixo, em indivíduos com menor escolaridade e menor renda familiar, em negros/pardos/amarelos/indígenas, naqueles com dentes cariados e nos que avaliaram a consulta odontológica como regular/ruim/péssima. Já o uso foi menor nos municípios com menor cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal, entre os mais velhos e em indivíduos do sexo masculino. O maior uso entre os mais vulneráveis sugere equidade. Conclusão Constatou-se efeitos contextuais e individuais sobre o comportamento dos adultos quanto ao tipo de serviço odontológico utilizado que devem ser considerados nas políticas de saúde bucal.

Abstract Background Adults who demand for public or private dental services. Objective Factors associated with the use of dental services from SUS were identified among Brazilian adults, considering context and individual factors. Method It was used contextual data from 177 municipalities of DATA/SUS, IBGE, Atlas Brazil and SB Brazil / 2010 Project; and individual data from SB Brazil/2010. SPSS 19.0® was used in descriptive and bivariate analyzes and STATA 14.0® in multilevel analysis. Results The prevalence of use of services in SUS was 37.9%. The use of services in SUS was higher in municipalities with poor access to waste collection and lower in those with lower coverage of oral health teams. The use was lower among older men. Among those with lower schooling, lower family income, among blacks/brown/yellows and Indigenous, those with decayed teeth, and those who evaluated the dental appointment as regular/bad or bad. The greater use among the most vulnerable suggests equity. Conclusion Contextual and individual effects on the behavior of adults regarding the type of dental service used, which should be considered in oral health policies were verified in this study.