Abstract The Very High Gravity (VHG) fermentation is a technology that can lead to a reduction in waste generation, a reduction in energy consumption and GHG emissions and several technical, economic, and environmental advantages. Having, as a limiting factor, yeast tolerance to the most diverse stressors in the fermentation medium. To overcome this limitation, the aim of the work was to verify the potential protective effect of silica (+A) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ethanol Red®) submitted to VHG fermentation. Initially, an adaptive test to VHG fermentation was carried out, with 5 cell recycles in musts from sugar cane syrup. Each recycle was subjected to the treatments, in quadruplicate: T1C (control) - Wort without silica supplementation; T2S100- Wort with supplementation of 100 mg L-1 of silica and T3S300- Wort with supplementation of 300 mg L -1 of silica. As a result, the T3S300 treatment in the adaptive test, showed viability of 77.5 to 81.55%; biomass production from 8.1 to 10.0 g L-1; yield from 90.0 to 95.3% and productivity from 7.3 to 10.9 mL L-1h-1. In conclusion, the treatment of the wort with silica (+A) (100 and 300 mg L-1) has an effect protector on yeast and may present positive responses in VHG fermentations.

A Medicina permanece majoritariamente branca e elitizada, apesar das cotas universitárias. Esta revisão apresenta e discute a produção científica sobre o racismo vivenciado por estudantes de Medicina negros no Brasil. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, US National Library of Medicine, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Centre, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e Google Acadêmico. Os 11 estudos incluídos são qualitativos e das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. A negação de racismo explícito – apesar dos relatos de discriminação, piadas sobre o cabelo, sensação de não pertencimento, exclusão e baixa representatividade no corpo docente e discente – evidencia a especificidade da construção do racismo no Brasil, que é pouco identificado, mesmo por parte daqueles que o vivenciam cotidianamente nos cursos de Medicina.

Despite college quotas, medicine remains a predominantly white and elitist profession. This review discusses the literature on racism experienced by black medical students in Brazil. We searched the following databases: Virtual Health Library, US National Library of Medicine, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Centre, periodical portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of the Higher Education Personnel, and Google Scholar. The 11 studies included in the review are qualitative and from the field of social and human sciences. The evident denial of racism, despite reports of discrimination, jokes about hair, feelings of estrangement, exclusion, and low levels of representation among academic staff and students highlight the specificities of the construction of racism in Brazil. The latter tends to go unnoticed, even by those who experience it on a daily basis on medical courses.

La Medicina permanece mayoritariamente blanca y de élite, a pesar de las cuotas universitarias. Esta revisión presenta y discute la producción científica sobre el racismo vivido por estudiantes de medicina negros y negras en Brasil. Se consultaron las bases de datos: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, US National Library of Medicine, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Centre, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior y Google Acadêmico. Los 11 estudios incluidos son cualitativos y de las ciencias sociales y humanas. La negación de racismo explícito, a pesar de los relatos de discriminación, chistes sobre el pelo, sensación de no pertenencia, exclusión y baja representativad en el cuerpo docente y discente ponen en evidencia la especificidad de la construcción del racismo en Brasil que es poco identificado, incluso por parte de quienes lo viven cotidianamente en los cursos de Medicina.

ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate the morphometric, productive and chemical aspects of purple elephant grass as a function of nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of applying 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1 of N, using a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. The following were evaluated: plant height, number, length and leaf mass, stem diameter and mass, leaf/stem ratio, production of green and dry mass, support capacity for dairy cows, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and mineral matter. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The increase in N doses did not affect (p < 0.05) the morphometry of the purple elephant grass, however it positively stimulated the productivity, the animal support capacity and the bromatological components of the harvested material. The lack of response to nitrogen fertilization may be related to the edaphocilimatic conditions during the experiment and efficiency in the use of N of the variety used. The results demonstrate the high demand of the cultivar for N, actively interfering in the forage yield.

A Medicina permanece majoritariamente branca e elitizada, apesar das cotas universitárias. Esta revisão apresenta e discute a produção científica sobre o racismo vivenciado por estudantes de Medicina negros no Brasil. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, US National Library of Medicine, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Centre, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e Google Acadêmico. Os 11 estudos incluídos são qualitativos e das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. A negação de racismo explícito – apesar dos relatos de discriminação, piadas sobre o cabelo, sensação de não pertencimento, exclusão e baixa representatividade no corpo docente e discente – evidencia a especificidade da construção do racismo no Brasil, que é pouco identificado, mesmo por parte daqueles que o vivenciam cotidianamente nos cursos de Medicina.

Despite college quotas, medicine remains a predominantly white and elitist profession. This review discusses the literature on racism experienced by black medical students in Brazil. We searched the following databases: Virtual Health Library, US National Library of Medicine, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Centre, periodical portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of the Higher Education Personnel, and Google Scholar. The 11 studies included in the review are qualitative and from the field of social and human sciences. The evident denial of racism, despite reports of discrimination, jokes about hair, feelings of estrangement, exclusion, and low levels of representation among academic staff and students highlight the specificities of the construction of racism in Brazil. The latter tends to go unnoticed, even by those who experience it on a daily basis on medical courses.

La Medicina permanece mayoritariamente blanca y de élite, a pesar de las cuotas universitarias. Esta revisión presenta y discute la producción científica sobre el racismo vivido por estudiantes de medicina negros y negras en Brasil. Se consultaron las bases de datos: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, US National Library of Medicine, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Centre, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior y Google Acadêmico. Los 11 estudios incluidos son cualitativos y de las ciencias sociales y humanas. La negación de racismo explícito, a pesar de los relatos de discriminación, chistes sobre el pelo, sensación de no pertenencia, exclusión y baja representativad en el cuerpo docente y discente ponen en evidencia la especificidad de la construcción del racismo en Brasil que es poco identificado, incluso por parte de quienes lo viven cotidianamente en los cursos de Medicina.

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the yield of components that are not part of the carcass, edible organs, and with a commercial value of sheep finished in feedlot fed with complete ration silage based on forage cactus and different levels of inclusion of cotton cake. Thirty-two crossbred Dorper lambs with Santa Inês hairless sheep were used, with an initial age of 120 days, weighing on average 17 ± 1.5 kg. Consumption of 5% of the live weight of dry matter was established, being weighed and readjusted daily according to the leftovers of 10% to make then the calculations of the consumption of dry matter (DMC). The weight of blood, heart, digestive tract, liver, diaphragm, kidneys, respiratory system, head, paws, tail, bladder, spleen, gallbladder, skin, and total fat did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) as a function of experimental diets. However, the maximum level tested in this study promotes an increase in the yield of edible organs, representing a potential source of income to add to the property's income.

Among the methods described for determining the solubility, shake-flask is suitable to evaluate the equilibrium solubility according to the BCS. Nevertheless, experimental conditions related to the shake-flask method are not well described. Evaluating the effects of experimental conditions on solubility measurements by shake-flask method is important and contributes in biowaiver decision. For this work, propranolol hydrochloride and nimesulide were used as model compound of high and low solubility, respectively. Equilibrium solubility was evaluated at 37 ºC, 100 rpm during 48 hours in buffer media. Effects of the rotation speed, temperature, substance in excess and aliquot withdrawn were evaluated. Small variations of temperature caused significant differences in the solubility and then this parameter must be controlled. Excess of raw material influenced the results of the nimesulide, then, little excess is recommended. Rotation speed did not cause differences in the equilibrium solubilities, but at 150 rpm the equilibrium was reached faster. Aliquot did not present significant differences, but excessive withdrawn should be avoided. Therefore, the evaluation of equilibrium solubility using shake-flask method must be performed in physiological pH conditions, 37 ± 1 ºC, substance in excess 10% above saturation, 50, 100 or 150 rpm and aliquot withdrawn not more than 10% of the media volume.

BACKGROUND Key genes control the infectivity of the Schistosoma haematobium causing schistosomiasis. A method for understanding the regulation of these genes might help in developing new disease strategies to control schistosomiasis, such as the silencing mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs have been studied in schistosome species and they play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes, and in parasite-host interactions. However, genome-wide identification and characterisation of novel miRNAs and their pathway genes and their gene expression have not been explored deeply in the genome and transcriptome of S. haematobium. OBJECTIVES Identify and characterise mature and precursor miRNAs and their pathway genes in the S. haematobium genome. METHODS Computational prediction and characterisation of miRNAs and genes involved in miRNA pathway from S. haematobium genome on SchistoDB. Conserved domain analysis was performed using PFAM and CDD databases. A robust algorithm was applied to identify mature miRNAs and their precursors. The characterisation of the precursor miRNAs was performed using RNAfold, RNAalifold and Perl scripts. FINDINGS We identified and characterised 14 putative proteins involved in miRNA pathway including ARGONAUTE and DICER in S. haematobium. Besides that, 149 mature miRNAs and 131 precursor miRNAs were identified in the genome including novel miRNAs. MAIN CONCLUSIONS miRNA pathway occurs in the S. haematobium, including endogenous miRNAs and miRNA pathway components, suggesting a role of this type of non-coding RNAs in gene regulation in the parasite. The results found in this work will open up a new avenue for studying miRNAs in the S. haematobium biology in helping to understand the mechanism of gene silencing in the human parasite Schistosome.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed possible associations between the trimester of maternal Zika virus infection (ZIKV) in pregnancy, severity of brain computed tomography (CT) findings and the presence of microcephaly at birth in children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). It was an analytical study in a cohort of children with CZS. Symptoms of maternal infection were dichotomized into the 1st trimester of pregnancy and other trimesters. Head circumference (HC) at birth was used to calculate the z-score. Mild microcephaly was defined as HC between 2 and ≥3 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for each gestational age and sex, and severe microcephaly when HC <3 SD below average. Brain CT images were evaluated by two radiologists and classified, according to the severity, into mild, moderate and severe. Fisher’s exact, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to verify the associations between variables. In 108 children, maternal infection in the 1st trimester of pregnancy was associated with more severe brain CT abnormalities (p=0.038), greater severity of microcephaly at birth (p=0.013) and lower HC z-scores at birth (p=0.021). The severity of brain CT lesions was also associated with lower HC z-scores at birth (p<0.001). Maternal ZIKV infection during the first trimester of pregnancy proved to be an important risk factor for a more severe spectrum of CZS, as it is associated with more severe brain CT abnormalities and, consequently, with lower HC z-scores at birth.

ABSTRACT A common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding program aims to obtain high yielding lines with quality bean seeds, disease resistance, and upright plant growth habit. The aims of this study were to evaluate the resistance of 527 common bean lines to the principal physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and the Fusarium oxysporum f. phaseoli; to estimate genetic parameters and verify the efficiency of the genealogical and bulk methods in conducting these lines. Of these 527 lines, 279 were conducted by the genealogical method and 248 by the bulk method. For the field experiment, the Federer augmented block experimental design was used. Two commercial cultivars carioca seed coat were used as controls for the lines the same color, and more two commercial cultivars for the black seed coat lines. The traits evaluated in the field were plant height (PH), plant growth habit (P), bean seed yield (BY), sieve yield (SY), and lightness of the bean seed coat (L). Of the 527 lines evaluated for anthracnose, 207 were resistant, 57 moderately resistant, and 263 susceptible. For fusarium wilt, 58 were resistant, 53 moderately resistant, and 96 susceptible. For the carioca seed coat lines obtained by the genealogical method, the heritability (h²) estimates stood out for P, BY, L at 40 d, and gain from selection for BY. The h² stood out for black seed coat lines in the PH and SY traits, it can be concluded that the lines obtained by the genealogical method had better performance for all the traits

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate twelve genotypes of common bean for intermittent drought stress and for root growth angle. The water deficit experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016in a randomized block experimental design with split plots and three replications. Two treatments were applied: an irrigated treatment and a water deficit treatment, in which irrigation was suspended in pre-flowering and remained suspended up to the time at which the matrix potential of the soil was measured to be near –199 kPa. Atthe maximum point of water deficit, physiological and morphological traits were evaluated, and at physiological maturity, the yield compounds and grain yield. To evaluate root growth angle in 2016, a growth pouch system was used in a randomized block design, with five replications. Water deficit reduced genotype performance for all the traits except leaf temperature and first pod height. In relation to grain yield, the genotypes SEA 5 and Carioca Precoce performed better under water restriction conditions in both evaluations. The genotype Gen TS 4-7 performed better in the 2015 evaluation, and Gen TS 3-1 andGen TS 3-3 in 2016. SEA 5, Gen TS 3-1, and Carioca Precoce had the highest harvest indexes in 2015; and Gen TS 3-1, Gen TS 3-2,Gen TS 3-3, Gen P5-4-3-1, IAPAR 81, Carioca Precoce, and SEA 5 in 2016. SEA 5 and Carioca Precoce had the best root growth angle and were considered sources of tolerance to water deficit.

Objective assessing the knowledge of nursing undergraduate students regarding pressure lesions. Methods cross-sectional research with 56 nursing undergraduates from two higher education institutions, using a test of their knowledge regarding pressure lesions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level of 0.05. Results most undergraduates were female (87.5%), single (80.3%), with no employment bonds (75.0%), and between 20 and 25 years of age (67.8%). One of the nursing undergraduates assessed had adequate knowledge about pressure lesions. From the items related to the assessment and classifications, 33.3% were considered as well-known; from those related to prevention, this number was 36.3%. Conclusion it became clear that the knowledge of the researchers analyzed was found to be inadequate.

Objetivo analisar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre lesão por pressão. Métodos pesquisa transversal, realizada com 56 acadêmicos de enfermagem de duas instituições de ensino superior, utilizando-se do teste de conhecimento sobre lesão por pressão. Dados analisados por estatística descritiva e teste de Mann-Whitney, ao nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados a maioria dos acadêmicos era do sexo feminino (87,5%), solteira (80,3%), sem vínculo empregatício (75,0%) e idades entre 20 e 25 anos (67,8%). Um acadêmico de enfermagem apresentou conhecimento considerado adequado sobre lesão por pressão. Dos itens relacionados à avaliação e classificação, 33,3% foram considerados conhecidos; e dos referentes à prevenção, 36,3%. Conclusão evidenciou-se que o conhecimento dos acadêmicos pesquisados foi considerado inadequado.

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar diferentes proporções de gomas na elaboração de um shake desenvolvido com farinha de banana verde, além de avaliar as suas propriedades organolépticas. Analisaram-se seis formulações com os seguintes ingredientes: farinha de banana verde (FBV), leite em pó integral, sucralose, cacau e diferentes proporções de goma xantana (GX) e goma guar (GG), nas proporções (GX:GG): F1 (1:0); F2 (0:1); F3 (1:1); F4 (1:3); F5 (3:1); F6 sem estabilizante. As formulações de shake foram submetidas ao teste de viscosidade, realizado a cada três dias, durante um período de 15 dias. Foi realizada análise sensorial com voluntários, em cabines individuais. A aceitabilidade dos atributos aparência, aroma, sabor, textura e impressão global foi avaliada utilizando-se a escala hedônica de 9 pontos. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas utilizando-se o Teste de Variância (ANOVA) e o Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O estudo foi importante para demonstrar que a viscosidade dos produtos influencia nas características sensoriais e, dessa forma, interfere na escolha dos consumidores.

Abstract This study aimed to test different proportions of gums and evaluate the organoleptic properties of a shake developed with green banana flour. Six formulations were analysed with the following ingredients: green banana flour (FBV), whole milk powder, sucralose, cocoa and different ratios of xanthan gum (GX) and guar gum (GG), in the proportions (GX:GG) of: F1 (1:0); F2 (0:1); F3 (1:1); F4 (1:3); F5 (3:1); F6 with no stabilizer. The viscosity of the samples was determined every three days for a period of 15 days. A sensory analysis was carried out with volunteers in individual booths. The acceptability of the attributes of appearance, aroma, flavour, texture and overall impression was evaluated using a 9-point hedonic scale. Statistical analyses were carried out using the variance test (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The study was important to demonstrate that the product viscosity influenced the sensory characteristics and hence interfered in the consumer choices.

RESUMO Introdução: a nefrite intersticial granulomatosa é uma condição rara, na qual o envolvimento renal é incomum. Sua etiologia é variável e pode ter origem medicinal, infecciosa ou inflamatória. Relato de caso: trata-se de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 65 anos de idade, com lesões renais de etiologia desconhecida, associadas à hipercalcemia. Durante a investigação, evidenciaram-se insuficiência cardíaca com disfunção diastólica e envolvimento pulmonar intersticial à tomografia torácica. A função renal (taxa de filtração glomerular) melhorou parcialmente com medidas clínicas. Foi realizada biópsia renal, que apresentou lesão intersticial moderada com granulomas tuberculoides sem necrose caseosa. Conclusão: o objetivo do artigo foi descrever um caso de GIN e alertar para a importância de sua investigação clínica. Neste caso, a biópsia renal, associada a manifestações clínicas sistêmicas, contribuiu para o diagnóstico de sarcoidose.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Granulomatous interstitial nephritis is a rare condition, in which renal involvement is uncommon. Its etiology is variable, and may be medicinal, infectious or inflammatory origin. Case report: This is a 65-year-old male patient with renal lesions of unknown etiology, associated with hypercalcaemia. During the investigation, cardiac insufficiency with diastolic dysfunction and interstitial lung involvement on chest tomography were evidenced. Renal function (glomerular filtration rate) has partially improved with clinical measures. Renal biopsy was performed, which showed moderate interstitial lesion with tuberculoid granulomas without caseous necrosis. Conclusion: The objective of the article was to describe a case of NIG and to alert to the importance of its clinical investigation. In this case, renal biopsy, associated with systemic clinical manifestations, contributed to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 58 common bean lines against common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) and bacterial wilt (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens). The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, with four replications per pathogen. The results were subjected to variance analysis by the F test at 1% probability. Significant differences between the treatments indicated different resistance levels among the lines against both pathogens. According to the Scott-Knott test, six lines were resistant to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, 14 moderately resistant, and 38 susceptible. To Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, 11 lines were resistant, 26 moderately resistant and 21 susceptible. Among these, the lines Pr10-3-4/1, Pr10-5-2/1 and Pr10-5-2/2 of the black bean group and C10-2-4/2 of the Carioca group were resistant to both major bacterial diseases affecting common bean in Brazil.