Abstract Introduction The measurements of the organizational culture responds to the necessity of identifying those aspects that the management wants to beef up for great results. The purpose to this research was to design and validate the Diagnostic Scale of the Organizational Culture (DSOC) for medium Mexican organizations. Method The design was carried out through out a theoretical review and was validated by a Delphi panel with eight experts and a pilot test in 261 workers from five medium enterprises. Results The comprehensibility was analyzed; content of validity and the framework were studied as well. The result of the validation for the experts was appropriate and, in the pilot test, the scale got a Cronbach alpha of 0.961. The exploratory factor analysis allowed determining seven factors that explain the 52.1% of the variance. The final factors are identity, rules, involvement with the purpose, change creation, costumer focus, teamwork and search of the social welfare. Discussion or Conclusion The results confirm that the final version of the instrument has a high reliability and validity; it can be used to assess the organizational culture from the perception of the workers, identifying those aspects to be improved through organizational intervention processes, as well as those practices that permeate positively in the purposes of Mexican organizations.

Resumen Introducción La medición de la cultura organizacional responde a la necesidad de identificar aquellos aspectos que la dirección requiere afianzar para obtener mejores resultados de gestión. El propósito de esta investigación fue diseñar y validar la Escala de Diagnóstico de la Cultura Organizacional (EDCO) para organizaciones mexicanas de tamaño mediano. Método Se realizó el diseño a partir de la revisión teórica, se validó mediante un panel Delphi con ocho expertos y una prueba piloto en 261 trabajadores pertenecientes a cinco empresas medianas. Resultados Se analizó la comprensibilidad, validez del contenido y de constructo. La validación por los expertos se consideró adecuada y en la prueba piloto, la escala obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.961. El análisis factorial exploratorio permitió identificar siete factores que explican el 52.1% de la varianza. Los factores finales son identidad, normas, involucramiento con el propósito, creación de cambio, enfoque al cliente, trabajo en equipo y búsqueda del bienestar social. Discusión o Conclusión Se confirma que la versión final del instrumento presenta una alta confiabilidad y validez, se puede utilizar para valorar la cultura organizacional desde la percepción de los trabajadores, identificando aquellos aspectos a mejorar mediante procesos de intervención organizacional, así como aquellas prácticas que permean positivamente en los propósitos de las organizaciones mexicanas.

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate ex post facto resilience in persons with HIV infection and its relationship to socio-demographic and sexual behavior variables. Participants included 159 persons with HIV infection, of both sexes, aged between 19 and 55 years. Fifty-one percent of patients were infected through homosexual means. Sixty-seven percent were in the asymptomatic phase of infection. Assessment instruments used were the following: a questionnaire on socio-demographic data and sexual behavior and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The evaluation was individual, voluntary, and anonymous. The results showed that 49.05% of patients had average resilience, 27.68% had high resilience, and 23.37% had low resilience. They found that heterosexual patients infected with HIV, diagnosed between 1985 and 1990 (23 and 28 years of diagnosis) and those who had disclosed their HIV status to more than 30 people, had greater resilience than homosexual patients, diagnosed between 1996 and 2000 (13 and 17 years of diagnosis) and those who had disclosed their HIV status to 1–5 people. Finally, resilience was not a predictor of sexual risk factor. It is suggested that health interventions take into account the resilience and psychological variables that may be beneficial to improve coping with the disease.

Abstract: The organizational culture is an issue that becomes important in family businesses due to their complexity and economic importance. The purpose of this research was to characterize the elements of quality culture from the perspective of family businesses leaders’ in the service sector in the State of Mexico. A qualitative approach was used from social constructionism to seek understanding of the phenomenon studied. Results show the predominance of a short-term view, survival aspirations, operational and managerial tacit knowledge, empirical and informal management practices and family participation in management. The most appreciated values are practical commitment to excellence, organizational identity and empathy with the client, while the quality is merely a practice of monitoring finished products and a vocation of service.

Resumen: La cultura de las organizaciones es un tema que cobra mayor relevancia en las microempresas familiares debido a su complejidad e importancia económica. El propósito de esta investigación fue caracterizar los elementos de la cultura relacionados con la calidad, desde la perspectiva de los dirigentes de microempresas familiares del sector servicios en el Estado de México. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo desde el construccionismo social para buscar la comprensión del fenómeno estudiado. Los resultados muestran el predominio de una visión de corto plazo, aspiraciones de supervivencia, conocimiento tácito operativo-gerencial, prácticas empíricas e improvisación en la gestión, informalidad de forma consciente y participación familiar en la gestión. Los valores prácticos más apreciados son el compromiso con la excelencia, la identidad organizacional y la empatía con el cliente, mientras que la calidad constituye únicamente una práctica de supervisión de productos terminados y como vocación de servicio.

Throughout his life, Ortega y Gasset did not ever seem deeply committed to Psychology, a field that he approached in a two fold manner: phenomenological at first and, later on, with an existentialist conception. Nevertheless, neither of these views had much influence among the philosopher's contemporaries. With regard to psychoanalysis, Ortega displayed also a rather ambivalent attitude and, while disliking its sexual contents or lack of scientific strength, he praised the figure of Freud occasionally, promoting the Spanish translation of Vienna genius complete works as well.

Ortega y Gasset no llegó a establecer un compromiso profundo con la psicología, manteniendo dos posturas a lo largo de su vida, primero un acercamiento fenomenológico y después una visión existencialista, sin que ninguna de ellas influyeran mucho entre sus coetáneos. Respecto al psicoanálisis adoptó una actitud ambivalente, disgustándole sus contenidos sexuales y sus debilidades científicas, aunque favoreciendo la traducción de las obras completas de Freud, al que una y otra vez alabó.