ABSTRACT Biochar can promote crop production and soil quality. However, its characteristics depend on the waste used in its production and its effects may vary according to the species being cultivated and the management adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of biochar from animal waste on soil quality and the agronomic characteristics of the cowpea. An experiment was set up to test three types of biochar (bovine-BB, swine-SB and poultry-BP), with added fertiliser (BBF, SBF and BPF) and two control treatments, including the addition of calcium magnesium oxide (CT) and calcium magnesium oxide with fertiliser (CTF), giving a total of eight treatments with four replications. There was a respective increase of up to 102.94%, 1048%, 1560% and 360.22% in stem diameter, number of pods, number of grains per pod and stem dry matter from adding the biochar. The poultry biochar increased each of the above parameters even with no added fertiliser. There was no difference in basal soil respiration or β-glucosidase enzyme activity, whereas organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial carbon and soil labile carbon were greater with biochar. BBF gave the highest TOC content (24.40 g kg-1), while BP and BPF increased TN by around 61%. The application of biochar + fertiliser contributed to an average reduction of 56% in the soil metabolic quotient. Poultry biochar favoured both the agronomic characteristics of the cowpea and soil quality, while bovine biochar showed more marked results with the addition of fertiliser. However adopted bovineBB, bovineBB BB, BB (bovine-BB swineSB swine SB poultryBP, poultryBP , poultry-BP) BBF, (BBF CT (CT CTF, CTF (CTF) replications 10294 102 94 102.94% 1048 1048% 1560 36022 360 22 360.22 diameter pods βglucosidase β glucosidase activity TOC, (TOC) TN, (TN) 24.40 2440 24 40 (24.4 kg1, kg1 kg 1 kg-1) 61 61% 56 quotient poultry-BP (CTF 1029 10 9 102.94 104 156 3602 36 2 360.2 (TOC (TN 24.4 244 4 (24. kg-1 6 5 102.9 15 3 360. 24. (24 kg- 102. (2 (

Abstract Objective To present the different aspects that may be involved in the genesis and maintenance of obesity in children and adolescents. Data source Narrative review of articles published in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms: overweight, obesity, pre-conception, prenatal, infants, schoolchildren, children, and adolescents. The search was conducted in studies written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including narrative, integrative or systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, published between 2003 and 2023. Data synthesis A total of 598 studies were initially screened and 60 of them, which showed the main biopsychosocial aspects related to greater risks of excessive adiposity in the pediatric age, were included in the review. The data were presented taking into account the incidence of risk factors and their consequences in six periods: pre-conception, pre-natal, infant, preschool, school age, and adolescence. Conclusions The causal factors described in the scientific literature that have been shown to be related to obesity in childhood and adolescence are presented. adolescents PubMed Scielo Lilacs databases terms overweight preconception, preconception pre conception, conception pre-conception prenatal infants schoolchildren Portuguese Spanish narrative reviews metaanalyses, metaanalyses meta analyses, analyses meta-analyses crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional casecontrol case control 200 2023 59 6 them age periods natal, natal pre-natal infant preschool 20 202 5 2

RESUMO: As microalgas são organismos cuja biomassa possui biomoléculas abundantes como carboidratos, lipídeos, proteínas, pigmentos, vitaminas, minerais e compostos antioxidantes, com inúmeras aplicações industriais com destaque para os segmentos de alimentos, nutricional, farmacológico, cosmético e de energia, na produção de biocombustíveis. Entretanto, o acesso de forma integra a essas biomoléculas pode ser dificultado pela rigidez estrutural de sua parede celular, sendo necessário a aplicação de um pré-tratamento que promova a lise celular. As diferentes técnicas de ruptura celular aplicáveis à biomassa microalgal descritas na literatura podem ser de natureza mecânica, com destaque para as técnicas de moagem em moinho de bolas e homogeneização à alta pressão (HAP) ou não mecânica (química, térmica e enzimática), cada uma com vantagens e desvantagens. Assim, o objetivo da presente revisão narrativa é descrever o uso de diferentes métodos para o rompimento de células de microalgas, com suas vantagens, desvantagens e seus desafios. RESUMO carboidratos lipídeos proteínas pigmentos vitaminas antioxidantes alimentos nutricional farmacológico energia biocombustíveis Entretanto prétratamento pré tratamento HAP (HAP química, química (química enzimática, enzimática , enzimática) Assim desafios

ABSTRACT: Microalgae are organisms whose biomass contains different biomolecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, pigments, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds, with numerous industrial applications, highlighting the food, nutritional, cosmetic, pharmacological, and biofuel segments. However, access to these biomolecules in an integrated manner is often hampered due to the structural rigidity of their cell wall, requiring the application of a pre-treatment that promotes cell lysis. Various cell rupture techniques applied to microalgae biomass have been reported. These methods can be mechanical, especially ball milling techniques and high-pressure homogenization (HPH), or non-mechanical, such as chemical, thermal, and enzymatic procedures, each with advantages and disadvantages. Thus, this review addressed the different methods of cell disruption, listing their advantages and disadvantages, applications in cell biomass, and challenges. ABSTRACT carbohydrates lipids proteins pigments vitamins minerals compounds food nutritional cosmetic pharmacological segments However wall pretreatment pre treatment lysis reported mechanical highpressure high pressure HPH, HPH , (HPH) nonmechanical, nonmechanical non non-mechanical chemical thermal procedures disadvantages Thus disruption challenges (HPH

Abstract Background Risk stratification is an important step in perioperative evaluation. However, the main risk scores do not incorporate biomarkers in their set of variables. Objective Evaluate the incremental power of troponin to the usual risk stratification Methods A total of 2,230 patients admitted to the intensive care unit after non-cardiac surgery were classified according to three types of risk: cardiovascular risk (CVR), Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI); and inherent risk of surgery (IRS). The main outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used as well as c-statistics before and after addition of high-sensitivity troponin (at least one measurement up to three days after surgery). Finally, net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement were used to assess the incremental power of troponin for risk stratification. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results Mean age of patients was 63.8 years and 55.6% were women. The prevalence of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) was 9.4%. High CVR-patients had a higher occurrence of MINS (40.1 x 24.8%, p<0.001), as well as high IRS-patients (21.3 x 13.9%, p=0.004) and those with a RCRI≥3 (3.0 x 0.7%, p=0.009). Patients without MINS, regardless of the assessed risk, had similar mortality rate. The addition of troponin to the risk assessment improved the predictive ability of death at 30 days and at 1 year in all risk assessments. Conclusion The prevalence of MINS is higher in the high-risk population. However, its prevalence in lower-risk population is not negligible and causes a higher risk of death. The addition of high-sensitivity troponin increased the predictive ability of risk assessment in all groups. evaluation However variables 2230 2 230 2,23 noncardiac non cardiac CVR, CVR , (CVR) RCRI (RCRI) IRS. IRS . (IRS) allcause cause cstatistics c statistics highsensitivity sensitivity surgery. surgery) Finally 005 0 05 0.05 638 63 8 63. 556 55 6 55.6 women (MINS 94 9 4 9.4% CVRpatients 40.1 401 40 (40. 248 24 24.8% p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 001 p<0.001) IRSpatients 21.3 213 21 3 (21. 139 13 13.9% p=0.004 p0004 004 RCRI3 RCRI≥ 3.0 (3. 07 7 0.7% p=0.009. p0009 p=0.009 009 p=0.009) rate assessments highrisk lowerrisk lower groups 223 23 2,2 (CVR (RCRI (IRS 00 0.0 5 55. 9.4 40. (40 24.8 p000 p<0.00 21. (21 13.9 p=0.00 3. (3 0.7 22 2, 0. 9. (4 24. p00 p<0.0 (2 13. p=0.0 ( p0 p<0. p=0. p<0 p=0 p< p=

Resumo Fundamento A estratificação ode risco é uma importante etapa na avaliação perioperatória. No entanto, os principais escores de risco não incorporam biomarcadores em seus conjuntos de variáveis. Objetivo Avaliar o poder incremental da troponina à estratificação de risco tradicional. Métodos Um total de 2230 pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva após cirurgia não cardíaca foram classificados de acordo com três tipos de risco: Risco Cardiovascular (RCV), Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (IRCR), e Risco Inerente da Cirurgia (RIC). O principal desfecho foi mortalidade por todas as causas. A regressão de Cox foi usada, assim como a estatística C antes e após a adição de troponina ultrassensível (pelo menos uma medida até três dias após a cirurgia). Finalmente, o índice de reclassificação líquida e a melhoria de discriminação integrada foram usadas para avaliar o poder incremental da troponina para a estratificação de risco. O nível de significância usado foi de 0,05. Resultados A idade média dos pacientes foi 63,8 anos e 55,6% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de lesão miocárdica após cirurgia não cardíaca (MINS) foi 9,4%. Pacientes com um RCV elevado apresentaram uma maior ocorrência de MINS (40,1% x 24,8%, p<0,001), bem como pacientes com alto RIC (21,3 x 13,9%, p=0,004) e aqueles com IRCR≥3 (3,0 x 0,7%, p=0,009). Pacientes sem MINS, independentemente do risco avaliado, apresentaram taxa de mortalidade similar. A adição de troponina à avaliação de risco melhorou a capacidade preditiva de mortalidade em 30 dias e de mortalidade em um ano em todas as avaliações de risco. Conclusão A prevalência de MINS é mais alta na população de alto risco. No entanto, sua prevalência na população de risco mais baixo não é desprezível e causa um maior risco de morte. A adição da troponina ultrassensível melhorou a capacidade preditiva da avaliação de risco em todos os grupos. perioperatória entanto variáveis tradicional 223 RCV, , (RCV) IRCR, IRCR (IRCR) RIC. . (RIC) causas usada pelo cirurgia. cirurgia) Finalmente 005 0 05 0,05 638 63 8 63, 556 55 6 55,6 feminino (MINS 94 9 4 9,4% 40,1% 401 40 1 (40,1 248 24 24,8% p<0,001, p0001 p p<0,001 001 p<0,001) 21,3 213 21 3 (21, 139 13 13,9% p=0,004 p0004 004 IRCR3 IRCR≥ 3,0 (3, 07 7 0,7% p=0,009. p0009 p=0,009 009 p=0,009) avaliado similar morte grupos 22 (RCV (IRCR (RIC 00 0,0 5 55, 9,4 40,1 (40, 2 24,8 p000 p<0,00 21, (21 13,9 p=0,00 3, (3 0,7 0, 9, 40, (40 24, p00 p<0,0 (2 13, p=0,0 ( (4 p0 p<0, p=0, p<0 p=0 p< p=

Abstract The reproductive efficiency of the herd is correlated with higher productivity in livestock. Reproduction biotechniques, such as ovulation synchronization protocols, are important to optimize production and accelerate genetic profit in beef and dairy herds. The objective of this review is to describe the evolution over the last 40 years of the artificial insemination (AI) and the timed-AI (TAI) protocols in cattle from a Brazilian perspective. TAI protocols are based on synchronizing emergence of the wave of follicular growth, controlling circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations, stimulating the final growth of the follicle and inducing a synchronized ovulation. Hormonal alternatives that optimize the response at the end of the protocol and strategies to induce final follicle growth and ovulation in categories of females with low expression of estrus are described. Furthermore, the potential positive effect of previous exposure to injectable P4 on fertility of Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows is also discussed. livestock biotechniques herds 4 AI (AI timedAI timed (TAI perspective P (P4 concentrations described Furthermore discussed (P

Abstract Objective The video otoscope has already proven to be useful for the diagnosis of several pathologies, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the video otoscope in cases of tympanic membrane perforation. Methods This is a diagnostic accuracy study performed at the hearing health division of a tertiary-level referral hospital. Patients older than 8 years of age who had any symptom that could be related to perforation (otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus, and/or hypoacusis) were invited to participate in the study. Participants were evaluated by three different diagnostic methods (otomicroscope, conventional otoscope, and video otoscope) performed by three different evaluators in a blind fashion. The microscope was considered the reference standard. Results 176 patients were evaluated, totaling 352 tympanic membranes. Twenty-seven tympanic membrane perforations were diagnosed by the microscope, a prevalence of 7.7%. The video otoscope showed a sensitivity of 85.2% (95% CI 81.5%‒88.9%), specificity of 98.1% (95% CI 96.7%‒99.5%) and accuracy of 97.1% (95% CI 95.4 %-98.8 %). The conventional otoscope showed a sensitivity of 96.3% (95% CI 94.3-98.3), specificity of 98.8% (95% CI 97.7-99.9) and accuracy of 98.6% (95% CI 97.4-99.8). The Kappa value between the microscope and the video otoscope was 0.8 and between the microscope and the conventional otoscope was 0.9. Regarding the participants' perception, 53.4% (p < 0.001) considered the video otoscope as the best method for understanding the tympanic membrane condition presented by them. Conclusions The video otoscope showed relevant sensitivity and specificity for clinical practice in the diagnosis of tympanic membrane perforation. Moreover, this is an equipment that can facilitate the patient's understanding of the otologic pathology presented by him/her. In this regard, this method may be important for better patient compliance, requiring further studies to evaluate this hypothesis. Level of evidence Is this diagnostic or monitoring test accurate? (Diagnosis)—Level 2 (Individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding). pathologies tertiarylevel tertiary level hospital otalgia, otalgia (otalgia otorrhea tinnitus andor hypoacusis otomicroscope, otomicroscope (otomicroscope fashion 17 35 membranes Twentyseven Twenty seven 77 7 7.7% 852 85 85.2 95% 95 (95 81.5%‒88.9%, 815889 81.5%‒88.9% , 81 5 88 9 81.5%‒88.9%) 981 98 1 98.1 96.7%‒99.5% 967995 96 99 971 97 97.1 954 4 95. %98.8 988 % 98.8 %-98. %. . %) 963 3 96.3 94.398.3, 943983 94.3 98.3 94 94.3-98.3) 97.799.9 977999 97.7 99.9 97.7-99.9 986 6 98.6 97.499.8. 974998 97.4 99.8 97.4-99.8) 08 0 0. 09 0.9 participants perception 534 53 53.4 p 0.001 0001 001 them Moreover s himher him her him/her regard compliance hypothesis accurate DiagnosisLevel Diagnosis Individual crosssectional cross sectional blinding. blinding blinding) 7.7 85. (9 81588 81.5%‒88.9 98. 96.7%‒99.5 96799 97. %98. %-98 96. 398 94.398.3 94398 943 94. 983 94.3-98.3 799 97.799. 97799 977 999 99. 97.7-99. 499 97.499.8 97499 974 998 97.4-99.8 53. 0.00 000 00 7. ( 8158 81.5%‒88. 96.7%‒99. 9679 %98 %-9 39 94.398. 9439 94.3-98. 79 97.799 9779 97.7-99 49 97.499. 9749 97.4-99. 0.0 815 81.5%‒88 96.7%‒99 967 %9 %- 94.398 94.3-98 97.79 97.7-9 97.499 97.4-99 81.5%‒8 96.7%‒9 94.39 94.3-9 97.7- 97.49 97.4-9 81.5%‒ 96.7%‒ 94.3- 97.4- 81.5% 96.7% 81.5 96.7 81.

Abstract Background: Early reperfusion therapy is acknowledged as the most effective approach for reducing case fatality rates in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Objective: Estimate the clinical and economic consequences of delaying reperfusion in patients with STEMI. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated mortality rates and the total expenses incurred by delaying reperfusion therapy among 2622 individuals with STEMI. Costs of in-hospital care and lost productivity due to death or disability were estimated from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System indexed in international dollars (Int$) adjusted by purchase power parity. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Each additional hour of delay in reperfusion therapy was associated with a 6.2% increase (95% CI: 0.3% to 11.8%, p = 0.032) in the risk of in-hospital mortality. The overall expenses were 45% higher among individuals who received treatment after 9 hours compared to those who were treated within the first 3 hours, primarily driven by in-hospital costs (p = 0.005). A multivariate linear regression model indicated that for every 3-hour delay in thrombolysis, there was an increase in in-hospital costs of Int$497 ± 286 (p = 0.003). Conclusions: The findings of our study offer further evidence that emphasizes the crucial role of prompt reperfusion therapy in saving lives and preserving public health resources. These results underscore the urgent need for implementing a network to manage STEMI cases. Background STsegment ST segment . (STEMI) Objective Methods 262 inhospital hospital Int$ Int (Int$ parity 005 0 05 0.0 significant Results 62 6 2 6.2 95% 95 (95 CI 03 0.3 118 11 8 11.8% 0.032 0032 032 45 0.005. 0005 0.005 0.005) 3hour thrombolysis Int497 497 Int$49 28 0.003. 0003 0.003 003 0.003) Conclusions resources cases (STEMI 26 (Int 00 0. 6. (9 1 11.8 0.03 4 000 0.00 Int49 49 Int$4 ( 11. Int4

Resumo Fundamento: A terapia de reperfusão precoce é reconhecida como a abordagem mais eficaz para reduzir as taxas de letalidade de casos em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST). Objetivo: Estimar as consequências clínicas e econômicas do atraso da reperfusão em pacientes com IAMCSST. Métodos: O presente estudo de coorte retrospectivo avaliou as taxas de mortalidade e as despesas totais decorrentes do atraso na terapia de reperfusão em 2.622 indivíduos com IAMCSST. Os custos de cuidados hospitalares e perda de produtividade por morte ou incapacidade foram estimados sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde indexado em dólares internacionais (Int$) ajustados pela paridade do poder de compra. Foi considerado estatisticamente significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Cada hora adicional de atraso na terapia de reperfusão foi associada a um aumento de 6,2% (intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,3% a 11,8%, p = 0,032) no risco de mortalidade hospitalar. As despesas gerais foram 45% maiores entre os indivíduos que receberam tratamento após 9 horas em comparação com aqueles que foram tratados nas primeiras 3 horas, impulsionados principalmente pelos custos hospitalares (p = 0,005). Um modelo de regressão linear multivariada indicou que para cada 3 horas de atraso na trombólise, houve um aumento nos custos hospitalares de Int$ 497 ± 286 (p = 0,003). Conclusões: Os achados do nosso estudo oferecem mais evidências que enfatizam o papel crucial da terapia de reperfusão imediata no salvamento de vidas e na preservação dos recursos de saúde pública. Estes resultados enfatizam a necessidade urgente de implementação de uma rede para gerir casos de IAMCSST. Fundamento IAMCSST . (IAMCSST) Objetivo Métodos 2622 2 622 2.62 Int (Int$ compra 005 0 05 0,05 Resultados 62 6 6,2 intervalo 95% 95 03 0,3 118 11 8 11,8% 0,032 0032 032 hospitalar 45 0,005. 0005 0,005 0,005) trombólise 49 28 0,003. 0003 0,003 003 0,003) Conclusões pública (IAMCSST 262 2.6 (Int 00 0,0 6, 0, 1 11,8 0,03 4 000 0,00 26 2. 11,

ABSTRACT Vacuum is efficient for incorporating solutes of interest into fruits. In this study, the low glycemic and insulinemic index carbohydrate, isomaltulose, was incorporated into mangos slices by immersion with a vacuum pulse (VP). The influences of the combination of pulsed vacuum time at the beginning of the process (5, 10, 15, and 20 min) and vacuum pressure (24 kPa and 48 kPa, absolute pressure) in the incorporation were evaluated with the multidimensional scaling (MDS) statistical technique. Water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), water activity (aw), and color were also studied. The MDS effectively indicated that the vacuum incorporation (VI) with 10 min of VP at 48 kPa provided a product with higher SG (more enriched), WL, lightness, and lower aw and total color difference. Thus, the VI with intermediate conditions resulted in a high incorporated mango with good quality. fruits study carbohydrate isomaltulose VP. . (VP) 5, 5 (5 15 2 24 (2 4 (MDS technique WL , (WL) SG, (SG) aw, (aw) studied (VI 1 more enriched, enriched enriched) lightness difference Thus quality (VP ( (WL (SG (aw

RESUMO O vácuo é eficiente para incorporar solutos de interesse às frutas. Neste estudo, o carboidrato de baixo índice glicêmico e insulinêmico, isomaltulose, foi incorporado em fatias de manga por imersão com pulso de vácuo (VP). As influências da combinação do tempo de pulso de vácuo no início do processo (5; 10; 15 e 20 min) e pressão de vácuo (24 kPa e 48 kPa, pressão absoluta) na incorporação, foram avaliadas com a técnica estatística de escalonamento multidimensional (MDS). A MDS foi eficaz em indicar que a incorporação com 10 min de pulso de vácuo a 48 kPa proporcionou um produto com maior SG (mais enriquecido), maior WL e luminosidade; e menor aw e diferença total de cor. Assim, VI em condições intermediárias resultou em uma manga com alta incorporação e boa qualidade. frutas estudo insulinêmico isomaltulose VP. VP . (VP) 5 (5 1 2 24 (2 4 absoluta MDS. (MDS) mais enriquecido, enriquecido , enriquecido) luminosidade cor Assim qualidade (VP ( (MDS

Abstract BACKGROUND: Due to “stay at home” restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people spent more time at home leading to an increase in home accidents, including burns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of burns that occurred within homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample. METHODS: Data were collected through the distribution of survey links on social networking sites and websites, and through email between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants were over 18 years of age, living in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and dispersion statistics. RESULTS: A total of 939 adults (aged > 18 years) participated in this study. The mean age was 37.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.5), 75.6% were female, 70.0% self-reported white skin color, 74% had completed higher education, and 28.1% had an income of 3 to 6 times the monthly minimum wage. A total of 21.6% suffered burns during the pandemic, 44.3% from a hot object. Approximately 49.3% never had access to a burn prevention campaign. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop burn prevention strategies that reach a wider population and to strengthen public policies to reduce the prevalence of domestic burns, especially during the pandemic.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction, although it compromises the lungs, it also produces significant systemic consequences. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and nociceptive threshold in rats with porcine pancreatic elastase-induced COPD. METHODS 144 animals were randomly distributed into 3 different models: nociceptive phasic pain at tail-flick test (TF), inflammatory pain in the Freund’s complete adjuvant model (CFA) and neuropathic pain in the sciatic nerve constriction model (CCI). 21 days after tracheal instillation of elastase the COPD was established, and the nociceptive threshold was evaluated at different times. RESULTS: The animals with COPD in TF had a shorter latency time and higher levels of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-alpha cytokines. In the CFA and CCI model, the animals with COPD showed an increase in the mechanical hyperalgesia and the levels of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were greater in plasma up to 24 hours. CONCLUSION: Animals with COPD have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced nociceptive thresholds, suggesting a relationship between COPD and increased nociception. OBJECTIVES (COPD obstruction lungs consequences proinflammatory pro elastaseinduced induced 14 models tailflick tail flick TF, , (TF) Freunds Freund s (CFA CCI. . (CCI) 2 established times RESULTS IL1b, IL1b ILb IL 1b, 1b b IL-1b IL6 6 IL- TNFalpha TNF alpha hours CONCLUSION thresholds nociception 1 (TF (CCI

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) caracteriza-se pela obstrução do fluxo aéreo e, embora comprometa os pulmões, produz importantes consequências sistêmicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre citocinas pró-inflamatórias e limiar nociceptivo em ratos com DPOC induzida por elastase pancreática suína. MÉTODOS: Cento e quarenta e quatro animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três modelos diferentes: dor fásica nociceptiva no teste de retirada de cauda (TF), dor inflamatória no modelo de adjuvante completo de Freund (CFA) e dor neuropática no modelo de constrição do nervo ciático (CCI). Vinte e um dias após a instilação traqueal de elastase a DPOC foi estabelecida e o limiar nociceptivo foi avaliado em diferentes períodos. RESULTADOS: Os animais com DPOC apresentaram menor tempo de latência de retirada e maiores níveis das citocinas IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-alfa no T F. No modelo CFA e CCI, os animais com DPOC apresentaram aumento da hiperalgesia mecânica e os níveis de IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-alfa foram maiores no plasma até 24 horas. CONCLUSÃO: Animais com DPOC apresentam níveis mais elevados de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e limiares nociceptivos reduzidos, sugerindo uma relação entre DPOC e aumento da nocicepção. OBJETIVOS (DPOC caracterizase caracteriza se pulmões sistêmicas próinflamatórias pró inflamatórias suína MÉTODOS TF, TF , (TF) (CFA CCI. CCI . (CCI) períodos RESULTADOS IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β IL6 6 IL- TNFalfa TNF alfa F 2 horas CONCLUSÃO reduzidos nocicepção (TF (CCI

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) caracteriza-se pela obstrução do fluxo aéreo e, embora comprometa os pulmões, produz importantes consequências sistêmicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre citocinas pró-inflamatórias e limiar nociceptivo em ratos com DPOC induzida por elastase pancreática suína. MÉTODOS: Cento e quarenta e quatro animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três modelos diferentes: dor fásica nociceptiva no teste de retirada de cauda (TF), dor inflamatória no modelo de adjuvante completo de Freund (CFA) e dor neuropática no modelo de constrição do nervo ciático (CCI). Vinte e um dias após a instilação traqueal de elastase a DPOC foi estabelecida e o limiar nociceptivo foi avaliado em diferentes períodos. RESULTADOS: Os animais com DPOC apresentaram menor tempo de latência de retirada e maiores níveis das citocinas IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-alfa no T F. No modelo CFA e CCI, os animais com DPOC apresentaram aumento da hiperalgesia mecânica e os níveis de IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-alfa foram maiores no plasma até 24 horas. CONCLUSÃO: Animais com DPOC apresentam níveis mais elevados de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e limiares nociceptivos reduzidos, sugerindo uma relação entre DPOC e aumento da nocicepção.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction, although it compromises the lungs, it also produces significant systemic consequences. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and nociceptive threshold in rats with porcine pancreatic elastase-induced COPD. METHODS 144 animals were randomly distributed into 3 different models: nociceptive phasic pain at tail-flick test (TF), inflammatory pain in the Freund’s complete adjuvant model (CFA) and neuropathic pain in the sciatic nerve constriction model (CCI). 21 days after tracheal instillation of elastase the COPD was established, and the nociceptive threshold was evaluated at different times. RESULTS: The animals with COPD in TF had a shorter latency time and higher levels of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-alpha cytokines. In the CFA and CCI model, the animals with COPD showed an increase in the mechanical hyperalgesia and the levels of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were greater in plasma up to 24 hours. CONCLUSION: Animals with COPD have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced nociceptive thresholds, suggesting a relationship between COPD and increased nociception.

Abstract Background Literature is scarce on echocardiographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Objectives To describe echocardiographic characteristics of ICU COVID-19 patients and associate them with clinical signals/symptoms, laboratory findings and outcomes. Methods Patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19, admitted to the ICU, who underwent echocardiography were included. Clinical characteristics associated with an abnormal echocardiogram (systolic ventricular dysfunction of any degree — left and/or right ventricle — and/or high filling pressures and/or moderate to severe pericardial effusion) were analyzed. Groups were compared using the Student’s t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 140 patients met inclusion criteria, and 74 (52.9%) had an abnormal echocardiogram. A low number of left and right ventricular systolic dysfunction was observed, and 35% of the population had a normal diastolic function. In the univariate analysis, characteristics associated with abnormal echocardiogram were age, chronic kidney disease, elevated troponin, previous heart failure, and simplified acute physiology score 3 (SAPS 3). In the regression model, troponin and SAPS3 score were independent markers of abnormal echocardiogram. An abnormal echocardiogram was associated with a higher prevalence of in-hospital death (RR 2.10; 95% CI 1.04-4.24) and orotracheal intubation (RR 2.3; 95% CI 1.14-4.78). Conclusions COVID-19 has little effect on ventricular function, but it is common to find increased filling pressures. Elevated serum troponin level and SAPS3 score were the independent markers of an abnormal echocardiogram. In addition, the prevalence of in-hospital death and need for mechanical ventilation were higher in patients with abnormal echocardiogram. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 ICU. . (ICU) signalssymptoms signals symptoms signals/symptoms outcomes RTPCRconfirmed RT PCR confirmed COVID19, 19, included andor or effusion analyzed Students Student s ttest, ttest t test, test t-test chisquare, chisquare chi square, square chi-square 005 0 05 0.0 significant 14 criteria 7 52.9% 529 52 9 (52.9% observed 35 function analysis age disease failure SAPS 3. 3) model inhospital hospital RR 2.10 210 2 10 95 1.044.24 104424 1.04 4.24 1 04 4 24 1.04-4.24 2.3 23 1.144.78. 114478 1.14 4.78 78 1.14-4.78) addition COVID1 COVID- (ICU 00 0. 52.9 5 (52.9 2.1 21 044 1.044.2 10442 104 1.0 424 4.2 1.04-4.2 2. 144 1.144.78 11447 114 1.1 478 4.7 1.14-4.78 52. (52. 1.044. 1044 1. 42 4. 1.04-4. 1.144.7 1144 11 47 1.14-4.7 (52 1.044 1.04-4 1.144. 1.14-4. (5 1.04- 1.144 1.14-4 ( 1.14-

Abstract: Aim Long-term ecological research often integrates many research groups and subjects in one or few sites sampled systematically along the time. In the Amazon, there is a tradition of long-term research in terrestrial habitats, but this has been less common in floodplain lakes. This study systematically reviews 35 years of research (1988-2022) in Batata Lake, a clear water flood plain lake impacted by bauxite mining tailings for ten years (1979-1989) and discuss some research opportunities and challenges for the future. Methods The review covered 99 scientific reports (78 papers and 21 book chapters) comprising a large spectrum of data from snapshot observations and experiments to enduring quarterly observational and hypothesis-testing studies. Soil, sediments, and the water column were consistently sampled in natural and impacted areas. Results Research topics were quite diverse and covered biological communities from aquatic virus to igapó flooded forests and provided an overview of ecological processes such as primary and secondary production. Ecological variables monitored along the project were constrained by a strong seasonality of the flood pulse and the effect of sampling areas (natural and impacted), which was performed by very connected research groups. Conclusions Despite the extensive information, long-term ecosystem function trends are still incomplete. Abstract Longterm Long term time Amazon longterm long habitats lakes 3 19882022 1988 2022 (1988-2022 Lake 19791989 1979 1989 (1979-1989 future 9 78 (7 2 chapters hypothesistesting hypothesis testing studies Soil sediments production impacted, , impacted) information incomplete 1988202 198 202 (1988-202 1979198 197 (1979-198 7 ( 198820 19 20 (1988-20 197919 (1979-19 19882 1 (1988-2 19791 (1979-1 (1988- (1979- (1988 (1979 (198 (197 (19 (1

Resumo: Objetivo Pesquisas ecológicas de longa duração geralmente integram muitos grupos de pesquisa e assuntos variados. Essas pesquisas concentram-se em amostrar sistematicamente ao longo do tempo um ou poucos locais. Na Amazônia, muitas iniciativas foram realizadas para melhor entender as dinâmicas da floresta, mas poucos estudos de longa duração se dedicaram a compreender os lagos de inundação em escala de longo prazo. Neste estudo trazemos informações de pesquisas realizadas durante 35 anos (1988-2022) no Lago Batata, um lago amazônico de águas claras impactado por rejeitos de mineração de bauxita durante dez anos (1979-1989). Métodos Usando a abordagem de uma revisão sistemática da literatura 99 trabalhos (78 artigos e 21 capítulos de livros), nós encontramos que durante os anos de monitoramento, os esforços de amostragem variaram de algumas observações e experimentos pontuais a estudos trimestrais de observação e teste de hipóteses duradouros. Solo, sedimentos e coluna d'água foram amostrados consistentemente no lago como um todo e comparadas às áreas natural e impactada por rejeito de mineração. Resultados Os tópicos de pesquisa foram bastante diversos e abrangeram comunidades biológicas desde vírus aquáticos à floresta de igapó, os quais forneceram uma visão geral dos processos ecológicos locais como produção primária e produção secundária planctônica. A maioria das variáveis ecológicas monitoradas ao longo do projeto foram reguladas por uma forte sazonalidade exercida pelo pulso de inundação e pelos efeitos das áreas de amostragem (natural e impactada), e foram amostradas por grupos de pesquisa muito conectados. Conclusões Apesar da extensa informação sobre a estrutura e função do Lago Batata, tendências gerais sobre suas funções ecossistêmicas permanecem ainda incompletas. Resumo variados concentramse concentram Amazônia prazo 3 19882022 1988 2022 (1988-2022 Batata 19791989. 19791989 1979 1989 . (1979-1989) 9 78 (7 2 livros, livros , livros) monitoramento duradouros Solo dágua d água igapó planctônica impactada, impactada) conectados incompletas 1988202 198 202 (1988-202 1979198 197 (1979-1989 7 ( 198820 19 20 (1988-20 197919 (1979-198 19882 1 (1988-2 19791 (1979-19 (1988- (1979-1 (1988 (1979- (198 (1979 (19 (197 (1

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has brought emerging public health emergency and new challenges. It configures a complex panorama that has been requiring a set of coordinated actions and has innovation as one of its pillars. In particular, the use of digital tools plays an important role. In this context, this study presents a screening algorithm that uses a machine learning model to assess the probability of a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on clinical data. METHODS: This algorithm was made available for free on an online platform. The project was developed in three phases. First, an machine learning risk model was developed. Second, a system was developed that would allow the user to enter patient data. Finally, this platform was used in teleconsultations carried out during the pandemic period. RESULTS: The number of accesses during the period was 4,722. A total of 126 assistances were carried out from March 23, 2020, to June 16, 2020, and 107 satisfaction survey returns were received. The response rate to the questionnaires was 84.92%, and the ratings obtained regarding the satisfaction level were higher than 4.8 (on a 0–5 scale). The Net Promoter Score was 94.4. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first online application of its kind that presents a probabilistic assessment of COVID-19 using machine learning models exclusively based on the symptoms and clinical characteristics of users. The level of satisfaction was high. The integration of machine learning tools in telemedicine practice has great potential. OBJECTIVE COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 challenges pillars particular role context data METHODS phases First Second Finally RESULTS 4722 4 722 4,722 12 23 2020 16 10 received 8492 84 92 84.92% 48 8 4. 05 0 5 0– scale. scale . scale) 944 94 94.4 CONCLUSION knowledge users high potential COVID1 1 COVID- 472 72 4,72 2 202 849 9 84.92 94. 47 7 4,7 20 84.9 4, 84.

Abstract Background The Good Practices in Cardiology Program is an initiative created by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) to improve the quality of care of cardiovascular disease patients in Brazilian public hospitals. Objectives To characterize patients admitted to a tertiary public hospital with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or heart failure (HF) and to evaluate performance indicators in both ACS and HF arms, with a pre-established target of 85% adherence to the SBC recommendations. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study through data collection of patients hospitalized between May 2016 and September 2019. Results A total of 1,036 patients were included, 273 in the HF arm and 763 in the ACS arm. Mean age was 59.8 ± 12.0 years in the ACS and 57.0 ± 14.1 years in the HF, with a predominance of male patients in both groups. More than half of patients had some primary education and more than 90% reported a monthly income of less than five minimum wages. In ACS, the diagnosis of ACS with ST segment elevation was predominant (66.3%), and 2.9% of patients died. In HF, the most common etiology was Chagas disease (25.8%), and 17.9% died. Analysis of the performance indicators revealed an adherence rate higher than 85% to nine of the 12 indicators. Conclusion Quality programs are essential for improvement of quality of care. Performance indicators pointed to a good adherence to the SBC guidelines, mainly in the ACS arm. (SBC hospitals (ACS (HF arms preestablished pre established 85 recommendations crosssectional cross sectional 201 2019 1036 1 036 1,03 included 27 76 598 59 8 59. 120 0 12. 570 57 57. 141 14 14. groups 90 wages 66.3%, 663 66.3% , 66 3 (66.3%) 29 2 9 2.9 died 25.8%, 258 25.8% 25 (25.8%) 179 17 17.9 guidelines 20 103 03 1,0 7 5 66.3 6 (66.3% 2. 25.8 (25.8% 17. 10 1, 66. (66.3 25. (25.8 (66. (25. (66 (25 (6 (2 (

Resumo Fundamento O Programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia é uma iniciativa da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) destinada à melhoria do cuidado cardiovascular nos hospitais públicos brasileiros. Objetivos Descrever características dos pacientes internados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA) e Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) e avaliar os indicadores de desempenho alcançados nos braços (SCA e IC) em um hospital público terciário, com uma meta pré-estabelecida de 85% de aderência às recomendações da SBC. Métodos Estudo do tipo transversal descritivo realizado por meio da coleta de dados de pacientes que estiveram internados entre maio de 2016 e setembro de 2019. Resultados Foram incluídos 1036 pacientes, 273 pacientes no braço IC e 763 no braço SCA. A média de idade foi de 59,8 ± 12,0 anos na SCA e 57,0 ± 14,1 anos na IC, com predomínio do sexo masculino em ambos os grupos. Mais da metade dos pacientes não tinham ensino fundamental completo e mais de 90% declararam renda mensal inferior a cinco salários-mínimos. Na SCA, predominou o diagnóstico de SCA com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (66,3%) e 2,9% dos pacientes foram a óbito. Na IC, a etiologia mais comum foi a Doença de Chagas (25,8%) e 17,9% dos pacientes foram a óbito. Na avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho, nove dos 12 indicadores tiveram taxas de aderência acima de 85%. Conclusão Programas de qualidade são essenciais à melhoria do cuidado e os indicadores de desempenho do hospital apontam para uma boa adesão às diretrizes assistenciais da SBC, particularmente no braço da SCA. SBC (SBC brasileiros (IC terciário préestabelecida pré estabelecida 85 201 2019 103 27 76 598 59 8 59, 120 0 12, 570 57 57, 141 14 1 14, grupos 90 saláriosmínimos. saláriosmínimos salários mínimos. mínimos salários-mínimos 66,3% 663 66 3 (66,3% 29 2 9 2,9 óbito 25,8% 258 25 (25,8% 179 17 17,9 20 10 7 5 66,3 6 (66,3 2, 25,8 (25,8 17, 66, (66, 25, (25, (66 (25 (6 (2 (