Resumo: Este estudo comparou as definições de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) e doença hepática esteatótica associada à disfunção metabólica (DHEADM) em relação à predição de diabetes em uma grande população adulta de brasileiros. Como objetivo secundário, comparamos as associações entre DHGNA/DHEADM e diabetes em grupos de diferentes etnias/cor da pele autodeclaradas. O Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) é um estudo de coorte prospectivo de servidores públicos brasileiros (35-74 anos) recrutados de 2008 a 2010 e acompanhados nos períodos de 2012-2014 e 2017-2019. Determinamos o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 nas visitas iniciais e de acompanhamento com base em diagnóstico autorreferido, uso de medicação e testes glicêmicos (glicemia em jejum e 2 horas após o teste de tolerância à glicose oral e HbA1c). Foram excluídos indivíduos com consumo pesado de álcool ou cirrose/hepatite autorreferida. Foram analisados 7.073 indivíduos. A DHGNA foi definida por esteatose através de ultrassom. Participantes com esteatose e pelo menos um fator cardiometabólico foram considerados como portadores de DHEADM. Modelos de riscos proporcionais de Cox foram aplicados para avaliar a associação entre DHGNA/DHEADM e a incidência de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. No início do estudo, 33,9% apresentavam DHGNA e 32,5% DHEADM. Ao longo de 9,4 anos de acompanhamento, o aumento relativo na incidência de diabetes foi de 78% para indivíduos com DHGNA (HR = 1,78; IC95%: 1,58-2,01) e 88% para indivíduos com DHEADM (HR = 1,88; IC95%: 1,67-2,12). As associações não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos de etnia/cor de pele (p para interação = 0,10 para DHEADM e 0,08 para DHGNA). Nesta grande coorte de brasileiros de meia-idade e idosos, a incidência relativa de diabetes foi semelhante nas definições de DHGNA e DHEADM, com associações semelhantes entre grupos étnicos.

Abstract: We aimed to compare nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) definitions concerning diabetes prediction in a large sample of Brazilian adults. As a secondary objective, we compared associations between NAFLD/MASLD and diabetes across self-declared race/skin color groups. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a prospective cohort study of Brazilian civil servants (35-74 years) enrolled from 2008 to 2010 and followed up from 2012-2014 and 2017-2019. We ascertained type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline as well as follow-up visits based on self-reported diagnosis, medication use, and glycemic tests (fasting and 2h post-OGTT glucose and HbA1c). We excluded individuals with heavy alcohol consumption or self-reported cirrhosis/hepatitis. We analyzed 7,073 subjects. NAFLD was defined by ultrasound-based steatosis. Participants with steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic factor were considered as having MASLD. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate the association between NAFLD/MASLD and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. At baseline, 33.9% of individuals presented NAFLD and 32.5% presented MASLD. Over 9.4 years of follow-up, the relative increase in the incidence of diabetes was 78% for NAFLD (HR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.58-2.01) and 88% for MASLD (HR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.67-2.12). Associations did not differ significantly among race/skin color groups (p for interaction = 0.10 for MASLD and 0.08 for NAFLD). In this large cohort of middle-aged and older Brazilian adults, the relative incidence of diabetes was similar for NAFLD and MASLD definitions, with similar associations in all ethnic groups.

Resumen: Este estudio comparó las definiciones de enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) y enfermedad hepática esteatótica asociada con disfunción metabólica (EHDM) con relación a la predicción de diabetes en una gran población adulta de brasileños. Como objetivo secundario, comparamos las asociaciones entre EHGNA/MASLD y diabetes en grupos de diferentes etnias/color de piel autodeclarados. El Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) es un estudio de cohorte prospectivo de servidores públicos brasileños (35-74 años) reclutados entre el 2008 y el 2010 y seguidos en los períodos 2012-2014 y 2017-2019. Determinamos la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en las visitas iniciales y de seguimiento con base en el diagnóstico autoinformado, el uso de medicación y las pruebas de glucemia (glucemia en ayunas y prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa oral 2 horas después y HbA1c). Se excluyeron las personas con consumo excesivo de alcohol o cirrosis/hepatitis autoinformadas. Se analizaron 7.073 individuos. La EHGNA se definió por esteatosis mediante ecografía. Se consideró que los participantes con esteatosis y al menos un factor cardiometabólico tenían EHDM. Se aplicaron modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar la asociación entre EHGNA/EHDM y la incidencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Al inicio del estudio, el 33,9% tenía EHGNA y el 32,5% EHDM. Durante 9,4 años de seguimiento, el aumento relativo en la incidencia de diabetes fue del 78% para las personas con EHGNA (HR = 1,78; IC95%: 1,58-2,01) y del 88% para las personas con EHDM (HR = 1,88; IC95%: 1,67-2,12). Las asociaciones no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos étnicos/color de piel (p para interacción = 0,10 para EHDM y 0,08 para EHGNA). En esta gran cohorte de brasileños de mediana edad y ancianos, la incidencia relativa de diabetes fue similar en las definiciones de EHGNA y EHDM, con asociaciones similares entre grupos étnicos.

Abstract At low concentrations used for in-office bleaching gels, such as 6% HP, gingival barrier continues to be performed. If we take into account that, in the at-home bleaching technique, no barrier is indicated, it seems that the use of a gingival barrier fails to make much sense when bleaching gel in low concentration is used for in-office bleaching. Objective This double-blind, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial evaluated the gingival irritation (GI) of in-office bleaching using 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with and without a gingival barrier in adolescents, as well as color change and the impact of oral condition on quality of life. Methodology Overall, 60 participants were randomized into which side would or would not receive the gingival barrier. In-office bleaching was performed for 50 minutes with 6% HP in three sessions. The absolute risk and intensity of GI were assessed with a visual analogue scale. Color change was assessed using a digital spectrophotometer and color guides. The impact of oral condition on quality of life was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (α=0.05). Results The proportion of patients who presented GI for the “with barrier” group was 31.6% and for the “without barrier” group, 30% (p=1.0). There is an equivalence for the evaluated groups regarding GI intensity (p<0.01). Color change was detected with no statistical differences (p>0.29). There was a significant impact of oral condition on quality of life after bleaching (p<0.001). Conclusions The use or not of the gingival barrier for in-office bleaching with 6% HP was equivalent for GI, as well as for bleaching efficacy, with improvement in the impact of oral condition on quality of life. inoffice office gels 6 athome at home technique indicated doubleblind, doubleblind double blind, blind double-blind splitmouth, splitmouth split mouth, mouth split-mouth (GI (HP adolescents Overall Inoffice In 5 sessions scale guides α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 . 0 05 (α=0.05) 316 31 31.6 30 p=1.0. p10 p p=1.0 1 (p=1.0) p<0.01. p001 p<0.01 01 (p<0.01) p>0.29. p029 p>0.29 29 (p>0.29) p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) efficacy α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 3 31. p1 p=1. (p=1.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.01 p02 p>0.2 2 (p>0.29 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p=1 (p=1. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.2 (p<0.00 α=0 (α=0. p= (p=1 p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. α= (α=0 (p= p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (α= (p (p< (p> (α

ABSTRACT Introduction: Protocols for obtaining the maximum threshold pressure have been applied with limited precision to evaluate inspiratory muscle endurance. In this sense, new protocols are needed to allow more reliable measurements. The purpose of the present study was to compare a new incremental ramp load protocol for the evaluation of inspiratory muscle endurance with the most used protocol in healthy individuals. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in a single center. Ninety-two healthy individuals (43 men [22 ± 3 years] and 49 women [22 ± 3 years]) were randomly allocated to perform: (i) incremental ramp load protocol and (ii) incremental step loading protocol. The sustained pressure threshold (or maximum threshold pressure), maximum threshold pressure/dynamic strength index ratio, time until task failure, as well as difference between the mean heart rate of the last five minutes of baseline and the peak heart rate of the last 30 seconds of each protocol were measured. Results: Incremental ramp load protocol with small increases in the load and starting from minimum values of strength index was able to evaluate the inspiratory muscle endurance through the maximum threshold pressure of healthy individuals. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the incremental ramp load protocol is able to measure maximum threshold pressure in a more thorough way, with less progression and greater accuracy in the load stratification compared to the limited incremental step loading protocol and with a safe and expected cardiovascular response in healthy individuals. Introduction sense measurements Methods crosssectional cross sectional center Ninetytwo Ninety two 43 (4 22 [2 years 4 perform i (i ii (ii or pressure, , pressure) pressuredynamic dynamic ratio failure measured Results Conclusion way ( 2 [

RESUMO O cultivo de nogueira-pecã (Carya illinoinensis K. Koch) e oliveira (Olea europaea L.) no Sul do Brasil próximo a áreas de pastagens e de cultivo de grãos tem registrado problemas de deriva de herbicidas. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos fitotóxicos dos herbicidas 2,4-D e dicamba sob o crescimento de mudas de nogueira-pecã e oliveira. Para isso, utilizaram-se 8 subdoses, sendo elas 0; 1,56; 3,125; 6,25; 12,0; 25,0%; 50,0; e 100% das doses recomendadas para dessecação dos herbicidas 2,4-D (670 g e.a ha-1) e dicamba (720 g i.a ha-1). As aplicações foram realizadas em mudas com 80 cm de altura com auxílio de um pulverizador costal pressurizado a CO2 com volume de calda de 150 L ha-1. As variáveis analisadas foram a fitotoxicidade aos 7, 14, 21, 30 e 60 dias após a aplicação (DAA), estatura de plantas e diâmetro de caule aos 30 e 60 DAA. A deriva de herbicidas hormonais causou danos ao crescimento das plantas de nogueira e oliveira, diminuindo o diâmetro de caule e a estatura das mesmas, sendo o herbicida dicamba o responsável pelos maiores danos. Além disso, doses acima de 12,5% de ambos os herbicidas resultaram em fitotoxicidade superior a 60%, sendo as doses de 50 e 100% responsáveis pela senescência de folhas. nogueirapecã pecã Carya K Koch Olea L. disso 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 isso utilizaramse utilizaram se subdoses 0 1,56 156 1 56 3,125 3125 3 125 6,25 625 6 25 12,0 120 12 25,0% 250 50,0 500 100 670 (67 ea ha1 ha ha-1 720 (72 ia i ha1. . CO 15 1. 7 14 21 DAA, DAA , (DAA) mesmas 5 12,5 60% folhas 4D 24 2, 1,5 3,12 312 6,2 62 12, 25,0 50, 10 67 (6 ha- 72 (7 (DAA 1, 3,1 31 6, 25, ( 3,

ABSTRACT The cultivation of pecan (Carya illinoinensis K. Koch) and olive trees (Olea europaea L.) near pasture and grain cultivation areas in southern Brazil has caused herbicide drift problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba on the growth of pecan and olive tree seedlings. A total of 8 underdoses were used, as follows: 0, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.0, 25.0, 50.0, and 100% of the recommended doses of herbicides 2,4-D (670 g a.e ha-1) and dicamba (720 g a.e ha-1) for burndown. The applications were carried out in 80 cm-high seedlings with the aid of a CO2 pressurized sprayer with a spray solution volume of 150 L. ha-1. The analyzed variables were phytotoxicity at 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days after spray (DAA) and plant height and stem diameter at 30 and 60 DAA. The drift of hormonal herbicides caused damage to the growth of pecan and olive trees, decreasing their stem diameter and height, with the herbicide dicamba showing the greatest damage. In addition, doses above 12.5% of both herbicides resulted in phytotoxicity levels greater than 60%, and doses of 50 and 100% were responsible for leaf senescence. Carya K Koch Olea L problems Therefore 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 used follows 0 156 1 56 1.56 3125 3 125 3.125 625 6 25 6.25 120 12 12.0 250 25.0 500 50.0 100 670 (67 ae e ha1 ha ha-1 720 (72 burndown cmhigh cm high CO 15 ha1. 1. 7 14 21 DAA (DAA addition 5 12.5 60% senescence 4D 24 2, 1.5 312 3.12 62 6.2 12. 25. 50. 10 67 (6 ha- 72 (7 31 3.1 6. ( 3.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) extract has several health benefits and anti-obesogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the medicinal properties attributable to HS would prevent or mitigate bladder changes induced by obesity in an experimental model. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were submitted to one of four different dietary interventions (12 animals each): G1, standard diet and water (controls); G2, standard diet and HS tea; G3, a palatable high-fat diet and water; and G4, high-fat diet diet and HS tea. The animals were monitored for body weight, feed, and water and tea intake, according to the allocated group. After 16 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and the levels of creatinine, inflammatory cytokines, testosterone, cholesterol, triglycerides, and electrolytes were evaluated. In addition, histopathological analysis of the animals’ bladder was performed. Results: Groups receiving HS (G2 and G4) showed decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α. HS tea was able to reduce low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in the G2 group compared to other groups. Only in the G3 there was a significant increase in the body weight when it was compared the 12th and 16th weeks. Leptin was shown to be elevated in the groups that received a high-fat diet. There was a significant decrease in the muscle fibers thickness and in the total collagen count in G4 bladder when compared with G1 and G3. Conclusions: HS has an anti-inflammatory role, can reverse hyperlipidemia in rats, and reduced deleterious effects of obesity on these animals’ bladder. Purpose (HS antiobesogenic anti obesogenic model Methods Fortyeight Forty eight 12 (1 each each) G controls (controls) highfat high fat feed intake 1 weeks euthanized creatinine cytokines testosterone cholesterol triglycerides evaluated addition performed Results (G proinflammatory pro interleukin1α. interleukin1α interleukinα interleukin 1α. 1α α interleukin-1α lowdensity low density th Conclusions antiinflammatory role ( (controls

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta um estudo experimental para verificar a viabilidade de uso da tecnologia emergente UAV no mapeamento dos pesqueiros explotados pela pesca artesanal na Baía de Sepetiba, no sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro-Brasil, visando conhecer melhor a funcionalidade e informações geradas pelo equipamento, e se os dados poderão auxiliar na melhoria do gerenciamento da pesca local e também subsidiar informações para a implantação de uma rastreabilidade simplificada para o pescado regional. A área de estudo contemplou quatro localidades sendo Ilha da Madeira, Vila Geny, Coroa Grande e Ponte Preta, todas inseridas na Baía de Sepetiba, localizada no município de Itaguaí, região sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O mapeamento aéreo foi realizado nos meses de setembro, outubro e novembro de 2017, entre 10h e 12h (GMT-3), utilizando um VANT Phantom 3 Professional (DJI, Shenzhen, China), registro Anac Brasil PP-011092014. A câmera integrada é uma DJI 4K Edition Sony Exmor R Modelo IMX117: 7,81 mm equipada com sensor CMOS de 6,2 mm, resolução 4000 x 3000 de 12 megapixels, com lente f/2.8 e campo de visão (FOV) de 94, possuindo uma distância focal de 14 mm. As imagens foram coletadas perpendicularmente ao plano principal. A altura de voo foi fixada em 80 m, a velocidade de voo foi determinada com base na sobreposição de 80%, dimensão da área a ser mapeada e duração da bateria. Assim, o operador utilizou uma velocidade média de voo de 25 km/h. a distância da amostra terrestre (GSD) foi de 1,20 cm/px. e foi estabelecida uma sobreposição de 80% entre as imagens para evitar possíveis falhas e lacunas de informações do ortomosaico. Para cada pesqueiro mapeado foi realizado o processamento padrão do software, que consiste em: alinhamento das fotos, criação da nuvem de pontos, criação de modelo de elevação digital, e finalmente o ortomosaico propriamente dito. Uma vez processado, os ortomosaicos foram exportados do Agis Soft Photo Scan Professional para o Google Earth (Google Inc.), onde é possível fazer uma avaliação mais abrangente dos pesqueiros de uma maneira muito mais prática e rápida. Foram realizados um total de quatro voos, um para cada área de estudo, com duração média de 10 minutos cada. Como resultado, a tecnologia mostrou-se viável de aplicação, uma vez que possibilitou identificar e mapear as áreas definidas para nesta pesquisa, gerando dados como distância e características do local, que poderão ser utilizados para rastrear o pescado capturado e desembarcado, além de possibilitar o monitoramento das embarcações e da pesca e assim, aprimorar o gerenciamento da pesca local. RESUMO Sepetiba JaneiroBrasil, JaneiroBrasil Janeiro Brasil, Janeiro-Brasil equipamento regional Madeira Geny Preta Itaguaí setembro 2017 h GMT3, GMT3 GMT , (GMT-3) DJI, (DJI Shenzhen China, China China) PP011092014. PP011092014 PP 011092014. 011092014 PP-011092014 K IMX117 IMX 781 7 81 7,8 62 6 2 6, 400 300 1 megapixels f28 f 8 f/2. FOV (FOV 94 principal m bateria Assim kmh km km/h GSD (GSD 120 20 1,2 cmpx cm px cm/px software fotos pontos digital dito processado Inc., Inc Inc. Inc.) rápida voos resultado mostrouse mostrou aplicação pesquisa desembarcado assim 201 (GMT-3 PP01109201 01109201 PP-01109201 IMX11 78 7, 40 30 f2 f/2 9 1, (GMT- PP0110920 0110920 PP-0110920 IMX1 4 f/ (GMT PP011092 011092 PP-011092 PP01109 01109 PP-01109 PP0110 0110 PP-0110 PP011 011 PP-011 PP01 01 PP-01 PP0 0 PP-0 PP-

ABSTRACT: This article presents an experimental study to verify the feasibility of using the emerging UAV technology in the mapping of fishing grounds exploited by artisanal fishing in Sepetiba Bay, in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, aiming to better understand the functionality and information generated by the equipment, and whether the data can help improve local fisheries management and also provide information for the implementation of simplified traceability for regional fish. The study area included four locations, Ilha da Madeira, Vila Geny, Coroa Grande and Ponte Preta, all located in Sepetiba Bay, located in the municipality of Itaguaí, in the southern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The aerial mapping was carried out in September, October and November 2017, between 10 am and 12 pm (GMT-3), employing a Phantom 3 Professional UAV (DJI, Shenzhen, China), Anac Brasil registration number PP-011092014. The onboard camera a DJI 4K Edition Sony Exmor R Model IMX117: 7.81mm equipped with a CMOS sensor dimension of 6.2 mm, 4000 x 3000 12 megapixel resolution, with an f/2.8 lens and field of view (FOV) of 94, having a focal length of 14mm. Images were collected perpendicularly to the main plan. Flight height was set at 80 m, flight speed was determined based on the overlap of 80%, dimension of area to be mapped, and battery life. Hence, the operator utilized a average flight speed of 25 km/h. ground sample distance (GSD) was 1.20 cm/px. and an overlap of 80% between images was established to avoid possible failures and orthomosaic information gaps. For each fishery mapped, standard software processing was carried out, which consists of: aligning the photos, creating a point cloud, creating a digital elevation model, and finally the orthomosaic itself. Once processed, the orthomosaics were exported from Agis Soft Photo Scan Professional to Google Earth (Google Inc.), where it is possible to make a more comprehensive assessment of fisheries in a much more practical and faster way. A total of four flights were carried out, one for each study area, averaging 10 minutes each. As a result, the technology proved to be viable to apply, since it made it possible to identify and map the areas defined for this research, generating data such as distance and, characteristics of the place, which could be used to track the fish caught and landed, in addition to enabling the monitoring of vessels and fishing, and thus improve the management of local fisheries. ABSTRACT Bay JaneiroBrazil, JaneiroBrazil Janeiro Brazil, Brazil Janeiro-Brazil equipment locations Madeira Geny Preta Itaguaí September 2017 1 GMT3, GMT3 GMT , (GMT-3) DJI, (DJI Shenzhen China, China China) PP011092014. PP011092014 PP 011092014. 011092014 PP-011092014 K IMX117 IMX 781mm mm 7 81mm 62 6 2 6. 400 300 resolution f28 f 8 f/2. FOV (FOV 94 14mm plan m mapped life Hence kmh km h km/h GSD (GSD 120 20 1.2 cmpx cm px cm/px gaps photos cloud model itself processed Inc., Inc Inc. Inc.) way result apply research place landed 201 (GMT-3 PP01109201 01109201 PP-01109201 IMX11 40 30 f2 f/2 9 1. (GMT- PP0110920 0110920 PP-0110920 IMX1 4 f/ (GMT PP011092 011092 PP-011092 PP01109 01109 PP-01109 PP0110 0110 PP-0110 PP011 011 PP-011 PP01 01 PP-01 PP0 0 PP-0 PP-

Abstract Context: Vehicle driving depends on the integration of motor, visual, and cognitive skills to respond appropriately to different situations that occur in traffic. Objectives: To analyze a model of performance predictor for braking time in the driving simulator, using a battery of tests divided by gender. Methods: Selected were 100 male drivers with a mean age of 72.6 ± 5.7 years. Sociode-mographic variables, braking time in the driving simulator, and motor, visual, and cognitive skills were evaluated. Results: Comparing genders, men were older than women (p = 0.002) and had longer driving times (p = 0.001). Men had more strength in hand grip (p ≤ 0.001). In the linear regression analysis, the model explained 68 % of the braking time in men and 50.8 % in women. In the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the variable that remained in the model was the strength of the right plantar flexors, which explained 13 % of the braking time in women and men, and the cognitive variables explained 38.9 %. Conclusion: Sociodemographic, motor, visual, and cognitive variables, explained a substantial portion of the variability in braking time for both older women and men, the specific variables driving this performance differed between the sexes. For older women, factors such as muscle strength emerged as critical determinants of braking ability, highlighting the importance of physical health in maintaining driving skills. On the other hand, cognitive conditions emerged as the primary predictor of braking performance in older men, underscoring the role of mental acuity and decision-making processes in safe driving. Context motor visual traffic Objectives simulator gender Methods 10 726 72 6 72. 57 5 7 5. years Sociodemographic Sociode mographic evaluated Results genders p 0.002 0002 0 002 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) analysis 508 50 8 50. flexors 1 389 38 9 38. Conclusion sexes ability decisionmaking decision making 0.00 000 00 3 0.0 0.

Resumo: Este estudo comparou as definições de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) e doença hepática esteatótica associada à disfunção metabólica (DHEADM) em relação à predição de diabetes em uma grande população adulta de brasileiros. Como objetivo secundário, comparamos as associações entre DHGNA/DHEADM e diabetes em grupos de diferentes etnias/cor da pele autodeclaradas. O Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) é um estudo de coorte prospectivo de servidores públicos brasileiros (35-74 anos) recrutados de 2008 a 2010 e acompanhados nos períodos de 2012-2014 e 2017-2019. Determinamos o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 nas visitas iniciais e de acompanhamento com base em diagnóstico autorreferido, uso de medicação e testes glicêmicos (glicemia em jejum e 2 horas após o teste de tolerância à glicose oral e HbA1c). Foram excluídos indivíduos com consumo pesado de álcool ou cirrose/hepatite autorreferida. Foram analisados 7.073 indivíduos. A DHGNA foi definida por esteatose através de ultrassom. Participantes com esteatose e pelo menos um fator cardiometabólico foram considerados como portadores de DHEADM. Modelos de riscos proporcionais de Cox foram aplicados para avaliar a associação entre DHGNA/DHEADM e a incidência de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. No início do estudo, 33,9% apresentavam DHGNA e 32,5% DHEADM. Ao longo de 9,4 anos de acompanhamento, o aumento relativo na incidência de diabetes foi de 78% para indivíduos com DHGNA (HR = 1,78; IC95%: 1,58-2,01) e 88% para indivíduos com DHEADM (HR = 1,88; IC95%: 1,67-2,12). As associações não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos de etnia/cor de pele (p para interação = 0,10 para DHEADM e 0,08 para DHGNA). Nesta grande coorte de brasileiros de meia-idade e idosos, a incidência relativa de diabetes foi semelhante nas definições de DHGNA e DHEADM, com associações semelhantes entre grupos étnicos. Resumo (DHGNA (DHEADM secundário DHGNADHEADM etniascor etnias cor autodeclaradas ELSABrasil ELSA Brasil (ELSA-Brasil 3574 35 74 (35-7 200 201 20122014 2012 2014 2012-201 20172019. 20172019 2017 2019. 2019 2017-2019 autorreferido glicemia HbA1c. HbA1c HbAc . HbA c HbA1c) cirrosehepatite cirrose hepatite autorreferida 7073 7 073 7.07 ultrassom 339 33 9 33,9 325 32 5 32,5 94 4 9, 78 HR 1,78 178 1 IC95% IC95 IC 1,582,01 158201 1,58 2,01 58 01 1,58-2,01 88 1,88 188 1,672,12. 167212 1,67 2,12 67 12 1,67-2,12) etniacor etnia p 010 0 10 0,1 008 08 0,0 DHGNA. DHGNA) meiaidade meia idade idosos étnicos 357 3 (35- 20 2012201 2012-20 2017201 2017-201 707 07 7.0 33, 32, 1,7 17 IC9 582 1,582,0 15820 158 1,5 2,0 1,58-2,0 8 1,8 18 672 1,672,12 16721 167 1,6 212 2,1 6 1,67-2,12 0, 00 (35 201220 2012-2 201720 2017-20 70 7. 1, 1,582, 1582 15 2, 1,58-2, 1,672,1 1672 16 21 1,67-2,1 (3 20122 2012- 20172 2017-2 1,582 1,58-2 1,672, 1,67-2, ( 2017- 1,58- 1,672 1,67-2 1,67-

Abstract: We aimed to compare nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) definitions concerning diabetes prediction in a large sample of Brazilian adults. As a secondary objective, we compared associations between NAFLD/MASLD and diabetes across self-declared race/skin color groups. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a prospective cohort study of Brazilian civil servants (35-74 years) enrolled from 2008 to 2010 and followed up from 2012-2014 and 2017-2019. We ascertained type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline as well as follow-up visits based on self-reported diagnosis, medication use, and glycemic tests (fasting and 2h post-OGTT glucose and HbA1c). We excluded individuals with heavy alcohol consumption or self-reported cirrhosis/hepatitis. We analyzed 7,073 subjects. NAFLD was defined by ultrasound-based steatosis. Participants with steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic factor were considered as having MASLD. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate the association between NAFLD/MASLD and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. At baseline, 33.9% of individuals presented NAFLD and 32.5% presented MASLD. Over 9.4 years of follow-up, the relative increase in the incidence of diabetes was 78% for NAFLD (HR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.58-2.01) and 88% for MASLD (HR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.67-2.12). Associations did not differ significantly among race/skin color groups (p for interaction = 0.10 for MASLD and 0.08 for NAFLD). In this large cohort of middle-aged and older Brazilian adults, the relative incidence of diabetes was similar for NAFLD and MASLD definitions, with similar associations in all ethnic groups. Abstract (NAFLD dysfunctionassociated dysfunction associated (MASLD adults objective NAFLDMASLD selfdeclared self declared raceskin race skin ELSABrasil ELSA Brasil (ELSA-Brasil 3574 35 74 (35-7 200 201 20122014 2012 2014 2012-201 20172019. 20172019 2017 2019. 2019 2017-2019 followup follow selfreported reported diagnosis use fasting h postOGTT post OGTT HbA1c. HbA1c HbAc . HbA c HbA1c) cirrhosishepatitis cirrhosis hepatitis cirrhosis/hepatitis 7073 7 073 7,07 subjects ultrasoundbased ultrasound 339 33 9 33.9 325 32 5 32.5 94 4 9. followup, up, 78 HR 1.78 178 1 95%CI 95CI CI 95 1.582.01 158201 1.58 2.01 58 01 1.58-2.01 88 1.88 188 1.672.12. 167212 1.67 2.12 67 12 1.67-2.12) p 010 0 10 0.1 008 08 0.0 NAFLD. NAFLD) middleaged middle aged 357 3 (35- 20 2012201 2012-20 2017201 2017-201 707 07 7,0 33. 32. 1.7 17 582 1.582.0 15820 158 1.5 2.0 1.58-2.0 8 1.8 18 672 1.672.12 16721 167 1.6 212 2.1 6 1.67-2.12 0. 00 (35 201220 2012-2 201720 2017-20 70 7, 1. 1.582. 1582 15 2. 1.58-2. 1.672.1 1672 16 21 1.67-2.1 (3 20122 2012- 20172 2017-2 1.582 1.58-2 1.672. 1.67-2. ( 2017- 1.58- 1.672 1.67-2 1.67-

Resumen: Este estudio comparó las definiciones de enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) y enfermedad hepática esteatótica asociada con disfunción metabólica (EHDM) con relación a la predicción de diabetes en una gran población adulta de brasileños. Como objetivo secundario, comparamos las asociaciones entre EHGNA/MASLD y diabetes en grupos de diferentes etnias/color de piel autodeclarados. El Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) es un estudio de cohorte prospectivo de servidores públicos brasileños (35-74 años) reclutados entre el 2008 y el 2010 y seguidos en los períodos 2012-2014 y 2017-2019. Determinamos la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en las visitas iniciales y de seguimiento con base en el diagnóstico autoinformado, el uso de medicación y las pruebas de glucemia (glucemia en ayunas y prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa oral 2 horas después y HbA1c). Se excluyeron las personas con consumo excesivo de alcohol o cirrosis/hepatitis autoinformadas. Se analizaron 7.073 individuos. La EHGNA se definió por esteatosis mediante ecografía. Se consideró que los participantes con esteatosis y al menos un factor cardiometabólico tenían EHDM. Se aplicaron modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar la asociación entre EHGNA/EHDM y la incidencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Al inicio del estudio, el 33,9% tenía EHGNA y el 32,5% EHDM. Durante 9,4 años de seguimiento, el aumento relativo en la incidencia de diabetes fue del 78% para las personas con EHGNA (HR = 1,78; IC95%: 1,58-2,01) y del 88% para las personas con EHDM (HR = 1,88; IC95%: 1,67-2,12). Las asociaciones no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos étnicos/color de piel (p para interacción = 0,10 para EHDM y 0,08 para EHGNA). En esta gran cohorte de brasileños de mediana edad y ancianos, la incidencia relativa de diabetes fue similar en las definiciones de EHGNA y EHDM, con asociaciones similares entre grupos étnicos. Resumen (EHGNA (EHDM secundario EHGNAMASLD MASLD etniascolor etnias color autodeclarados ELSABrasil ELSA Brasil (ELSA-Brasil 3574 35 74 (35-7 200 201 20122014 2012 2014 2012-201 20172019. 20172019 2017 2019. 2019 2017-2019 autoinformado HbA1c. HbA1c HbAc . HbA c HbA1c) cirrosishepatitis cirrosis hepatitis autoinformadas 7073 7 073 7.07 individuos ecografía EHGNAEHDM 339 33 9 33,9 325 32 5 32,5 94 4 9, 78 HR 1,78 178 1 IC95% IC95 IC 1,582,01 158201 1,58 2,01 58 01 1,58-2,01 88 1,88 188 1,672,12. 167212 1,67 2,12 67 12 1,67-2,12) étnicoscolor étnicos p 010 0 10 0,1 008 08 0,0 EHGNA. EHGNA) ancianos 357 3 (35- 20 2012201 2012-20 2017201 2017-201 707 07 7.0 33, 32, 1,7 17 IC9 582 1,582,0 15820 158 1,5 2,0 1,58-2,0 8 1,8 18 672 1,672,12 16721 167 1,6 212 2,1 6 1,67-2,12 0, 00 (35 201220 2012-2 201720 2017-20 70 7. 1, 1,582, 1582 15 2, 1,58-2, 1,672,1 1672 16 21 1,67-2,1 (3 20122 2012- 20172 2017-2 1,582 1,58-2 1,672, 1,67-2, ( 2017- 1,58- 1,672 1,67-2 1,67-

Resumo Embora a literatura tenha observado variações na permeabilidade do peróxido de hidrogênio (PH) e, consequentemente, na sensibilidade dental entre diferentes tipos de dentes anteriores, há escassez de pesquisas sobre esse tema específico. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a permeabilidade do PH e a mudança da cor (MC) em diferentes grupos de dentes anteriores superiores humanos (caninos, incisivos laterais e incisivos centrais) após clareamento de consultório com PH a 35%. Trinta dentes anteriores superiores (n=10) foram clareados com gel de PH a 35% numa sessão de três aplicações de 15 minutos. A espessura vestibular (mm) foi medida em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. A concentração de HP (µg/mL) na câmara pulpar foi avaliada por espectrofotometria UV-Vis. A MC (WID, ∆Eab e ∆E00) foi avaliada antes e após o clareamento com espectrofotômetro digital. Aplicou-se ANOVA unidirecional e teste de Tukey para avaliar estatisticamente os dados de espessura bucal, permeabilidade PH e MC (α=0,05). A comparação entre espessura versus permeabilidade PH foi realizada com correlação de Pearson. Dentes mais grossos, como os caninos, apresentaram menor quantidade de HP no interior da câmara pulpar do que os incisivos centrais e laterais. Apesar da espessura vestibular afetar significativamente a permeabilidade do PH (p<0,05), não foram encontradas correlações entre ambos os fatores. A MC foi semelhante, independente do tipo de dente (p>0,05). A diferença na espessura vestibular dos dentes anteriores superiores não interfere na MC. Porém, quanto mais fina a espessura da parede vestibular, maior será a permeabilidade do PH detectada na polpa após o clareamento de consultório. (PH consequentemente específico (MC caninos (caninos 35 n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 1 minutos mm (mm cônico µg/mL µgmL µg mL (µg/mL UVVis. UVVis UV Vis. Vis UV-Vis WID, WID (WID Eab ∆E00 E00 E digital Aplicouse Aplicou se bucal α=0,05. α005 α α=0,05 . 0 05 (α=0,05) Pearson grossos p<0,05, p005 p p<0,05 , (p<0,05) fatores semelhante p>0,05. p>0,05 (p>0,05) Porém 3 n=1 n1 (n=1 ∆E0 E0 α00 α=0,0 (α=0,05 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p>0,0 (p>0,05 n= (n= ∆E α0 α=0, (α=0,0 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p>0, (p>0,0 (n α=0 (α=0, p<0 (p<0, p>0 (p>0, α= (α=0 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (α= (p< (p> (α (p

Abstract While the literature has noted variations in hydrogen peroxide (HP) permeability, and consequently, tooth sensitivity among different types of anterior teeth, there is a scarcity of research on this specific topic. This study evaluated HP permeability and color change (CC) in different groups of human maxillary anterior teeth (canines, lateral incisors, and central incisors) after in-office bleaching with HP at 35%. Thirty teeth maxillary anterior (n=10) were bleached with HP at 35% gel in one session of three 15-minutes applications. Buccal thickness (mm) was measured from images obtained using cone beam computed tomography. The concentration of HP (µg/mL) that reached the pulp chamber was assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. CC (WID, ∆Eab, and ∆E00) was evaluated before and after bleaching with a digital spectrophotometer. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were applied to statistically evaluate the data for buccal thickness, HP permeability, and CC (α=0.05). Comparison between thickness and HP permeability was performed using Pearson's correlation. Thicker teeth, such as canines, had lower HP amounts inside the pulp chamber compared to central and lateral incisors. Despite the significant effect of buccal thickness on HP permeability (p<0.05), no correlation was found between the two factors. CC was similar across tooth types (p>0.05). The difference in buccal thickness among the superior anterior teeth does not interfere with CC. However, a thinner buccal wall thickness is associated with greater HP permeability detected in the pulp after in-office bleaching. (HP consequently topic (CC canines (canines incisors inoffice office 35 n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 15minutes minutes 15 applications mm (mm tomography µg/mL µgmL µg mL (µg/mL UVVis UV Vis spectrophotometry WID, WID (WID Eab ∆Eab ∆E00 E00 E spectrophotometer Oneway One way Tukeys Tukey s α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 . 0 05 (α=0.05) Pearsons Pearson p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 , (p<0.05) factors p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) However 3 n=1 n1 1 (n=1 ∆E0 E0 α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 n= (n= ∆E α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 (n α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (α= (p< (p> (α (p

Abstract This narrative review critically examines some protocols of biomimetic restorative dentistry (BRD), which supposedly outperforms traditional adhesive techniques. This review explores the origins of BRD, introduces cognitive biases influencing the adoption of BRD protocols without evidence scrutiny, and discusses nine BRD protocols. For this, we searched randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews in the literature on the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases, which lead to the following conclusions about the revised protocols: 1) The use of dyes excessively removes carious dentin; 2) Aluminum oxide air abrasion contributes to overtreatment and may pose long-term health risks to dental professionals; 3) Beveling enamel in posterior teeth is technically difficult and leads to unnecessary loss of adjacent sound enamel with no evidence of its use outperforming butt-joint preparations; 4) Deactivating matrix metalloproteinases with chlorhexidine shows no clinical evidence of improving restoration longevity. 5) “Elected“ gold-standard adhesive systems perform no better than other good performing available systems; 6) Immediate dentin sealing and resin coating result in similar post-operative sensitivity and longevity of indirect fillings as delayed dentin sealing; 7) Deep margin elevation is a viable alternative to manage subgingival margins in occlusoproximal cavities; 8) The process of “decoupling” with time lacks scientific evidence to support its use; 9) Placing fiber inserts on the pulpal floor and/or axial wall to minimize stress offers no benefits over current alternatives. In conclusion, more rigorous research is needed to validate BRD protocols, focusing on important clinical outcomes that impact in the longevity of the restoration, such as fracture, debonding, post-operative sensitivity, esthetic quality, presence of caries lesions adjacent to restorations and patients’ satisfaction need to be thoroughly investigated. Reliance on anecdotal evidence, clinical experience, and common sense propagates myths and undervalues the need for a critical approach in evaluating dental techniques. , (BRD) techniques scrutiny this PubMed Embase databases 1 2 longterm long term professionals 3 buttjoint butt joint preparations 4 5 Elected “Elected goldstandard gold standard 6 postoperative post operative 7 cavities 8 decoupling “decoupling 9 andor or alternatives conclusion fracture debonding quality patients investigated experience (BRD

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a rotina e as implicações à saúde mental de crianças com câncer hospitalizadas, na perspectiva dos familiares. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 11 familiares de crianças hospitalizadas em uma unidade de internação oncopediátrica, durante o mês de setembro de 2022. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados conforme Análise Temática de Minayo. Emergiram duas categorias: “A rotina da criança durante a hospitalização” e “A saúde mental da criança durante a hospitalização”. Resultados: Na rotina da criança, os participantes perceberam mudanças provocadas pelo ambiente hospitalar que não coincidem com a dinâmica familiar, no entanto, a presença da equipe multiprofissional atenua o estranhamento vivenciado nesse processo. Em relação à saúde mental, entre os sentimentos experienciados pelas crianças surgiram raiva, saudade e tristeza, repercutindo em comportamentos como desânimo e agressividade. Essas repercussões possuem interface com o entendimento confuso da criança sobre a sua doença. Considerações Finais: As perspectivas dos familiares contribuíram para a reflexão sobre o processo de saúde e doença de pacientes pediátricos em tratamento oncológico, em virtude dos mesmos desempenharem um papel essencial no cuidado, acompanhando de perto tudo aquilo que emerge no dia a dia dessas crianças no ambiente hospitalar. Objetivo Método qualitativa 1 oncopediátrica 2022 Minayo categorias A hospitalização hospitalização. . Resultados familiar entanto raiva tristeza agressividade Finais oncológico cuidado 202 20 2

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the routine and implications on the mental health of hospitalized children with cancer, from the perspective of family members. Method: Qualitative research, carried out with 11 relatives of children hospitalized in an oncopediatric inpatient unit, during the month of September 2022. The information was produced through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed according to Minayo's Thematic Analysis, emerging two categories: “The child’s routine during hospitalization” and “The child’s mental health during hospitalization”. Results: In the child's routine, participants noticed changes caused by the hospital environment that do not coincide with family dynamics. However, the presence of the multidisciplinary team mitigates the strangeness experienced in this process. Regarding mental health, the feelings experienced by these children included anger, longing, and sadness, resulting in behaviors such as discouragement and aggression. These repercussions are associated with the child's confused understanding of their illness. Final Considerations: The perspectives of family members contributed for a reflection on the health and illness process of pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatments, as they play an essential role in care, closely monitoring everything that comes to pass in the daily lives of these children in the hospital environment. Objective Method research 1 unit 2022 semistructured semi structured Minayos Minayo s Analysis categories childs child hospitalization hospitalization. . Results dynamics However anger longing sadness aggression Considerations treatments care 202 20 2

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la rutina y las implicaciones para la salud mental de los niños hospitalizados con cáncer, desde la perspectiva de los familiares. Método: Investigación cualitativa, realizada con 11 familiares de niños hospitalizados en una unidad de internación oncopediatrica, en el mes de septiembre de 2022. Los datos fueron producidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y analizados según el Análisis Temático de Minayo, surgiendo dos categorías: “La rutina del niño durante la hospitalización” y “La salud mental del niño durante la hospitalización”. Resultados: En la rutina del niño, los participantes notaron cambios provocados por el ambiente hospitalario que no coinciden con la dinámica familiar. Sin embargo, la presencia del equipo multidisciplinario mitiga la extrañeza vivida en este proceso. En relación con la salud mental, los sentimientos experimentados por los niños incluyeron ira, añoranza y tristeza, resultando en conductas como el desánimo y la agresión. Estas repercusiones interactúan con la comprensión confusa que tiene el niño de su enfermedad. Consideraciones finales: Las perspectivas de los familiares contribuyeron para una reflexión sobre el proceso de salud y enfermedad de los pacientes pediátricos en tratamiento oncológico, ya que ellos tienen un papel esencial en el cuidado, acompañando de cerca todo lo que emerge en el cotidiano de estos niños en el ambiente hospitalario. Objetivo cáncer Método cualitativa 1 oncopediatrica 2022 Minayo categorías La hospitalización hospitalización. . Resultados familiar embargo ira tristeza agresión finales oncológico cuidado 202 20 2

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do ascorbato de sódio a 10% (AS) depois do clareamento em consultório na penetração do peróxido do hidrogênio (PH) na câmara pulpar, mudança de cor e resistência de união (RU) da interface resina-esmalte. Trinta pré-molares e trinta molares foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 20). Um grupo foi exposto em água deionizada (controle negativo). Os outros dois grupos foram clareados com 35% PH numa única sessão de 3x15 minutos para cada aplicação. Porém, só um grupo recebeu AS durante 10 minutos depois do clareamento. Depois, a concentração (µg/mL) do PH no interior de cada câmara pulpar foi avaliado com espectrofotometria UV-Vis. A mudança de cor (ΔEab, ΔE00 and ΔWID) foi avaliada como espectrofotômetro digital antes e depois de uma semana do clareamento. Após de cada tratamento, os molares foram restaurados e seccionados em espécimes com interface resina-esmalte para o teste de RU por microtração a uma velocidade de 1 mm/min até a fratura. Os dados da concentração de PH e RU foram analisados usando ANOVA de uma via e teste de Tukey, e a mudança de cor com o teste t (α = 0.05). A aplicação de AS melhorou significativamente a RU e reduziu a concentração de PH na câmara pulpar (p < 0.0001). A aplicação de AS interferiu significativamente na mudança de cor depois do clareamento comprado com o grupo controle (p < 0.05). A aplicação de SA a 10% depois do clareamento em consultório reduziu significativamente a penetração do PH na câmara pulpar e interferiu na mudança de cor. (AS (PH (RU resinaesmalte. resinaesmalte resina esmalte. esmalte prémolares pré n 20. 20 . 20) negativo. negativo negativo) 35 x 3x1 Porém Depois µg/mL µgmL µg mL (µg/mL UVVis. UVVis UV Vis. Vis UV-Vis ΔEab, ΔEab (ΔEab ΔE ΔE0 ΔWID tratamento mmmin mm min fratura Tukey α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) p 0.0001. 00001 0.0001 0001 0.0001) 2 3 3x 00 0.0 0000 0.000 000 0. 0.00

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) after in-office bleaching on the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber, color change, and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to the resin-enamel interface. Thirty premolars and thirty molars were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 each). One group was exposed to deionized water (negative control). The other two groups were bleached with 35% HP in a single session for 3x15 minutes for each application. However, in only one of them, SA was applied for 10 minutes after bleaching. After, the concentration (µg/mL) of HP in each pulp chamber was evaluated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Color changes (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) were evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer before and in the first week after bleaching. After treatment, molars were restored and sectioned to obtain resin-enamel interface sticks for µTBS at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. The HP concentration and µTBS data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, and color changes were analyzed by t-tests (α = 0.05). SA application significantly improved the µTBS values and reduced the HP concentrations within the pulp chambers (p < 0.0001). The application of SA significantly interfered with the color changes after bleaching when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Application of 10% SA after in-office bleaching successfully reduced the penetration of HP into the pulp chamber; however, it decreased color change. (SA inoffice office (HP change (µTBS resinenamel resin enamel n 2 each. . each) negative control. control) 35 x 3x1 However them µg/mL µgmL µg mL (µg/mL UVVis UV Vis spectrophotometry ΔEab, ΔEab (ΔEab ΔE00 ΔE ΔWID treatment mmmin mm min failure oneway way tests ttests t α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) p 0.0001. 00001 0.0001 0001 0.0001) however 3 3x ΔE0 00 0.0 0000 0.000 000 0. 0.00

RESUMEN Objetivos: trazar el panorama de la enseñanza de la ética en los cursos de graduación en Enfermería en las instituciones públicas de enseñanza superior brasileñas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado por medio del análisis documental de proyectos pedagógicos de cursos de graduación en Enfermería en Brasil. Resultados: han sido encontrados 153 cursos activos de graduación en Enfermería, de los cuales 106 tienen disponible el proyecto pedagógico. Además de la enseñanza deóntica, fue identificado la enseñanza de ética de forma transversal relacionada a temas como Contexto Social, Atención Hospitalaria y Comunitaria, Farmacología, Sistematización de la Asistencia en Enfermería, Enfermería Quirúrgica, Epidemiología, Cuidados Paliativos, Gestión en Enfermería, Diversidad, Salud de la Mujer, Niño, Adolescente, Adulto y Anciano y Salud Mental. Consideraciones Finales: el desafío en la enseñanza de la ética en enfermería y su integración con cada acción de cuidar, enseñar y administrar. Objetivos brasileñas Métodos exploratorio Brasil Resultados 15 10 pedagógico deóntica Social Comunitaria Farmacología Quirúrgica Epidemiología Paliativos Diversidad Mujer Niño Adolescente Mental Finales cuidar administrar 1

ABSTRACT Objectives: to outline the teaching of ethics in undergraduate Nursing programs in Brazilian public higher education institutions. Methods: descriptive and exploratory study, carried out through the documentary analysis of pedagogical projects of undergraduate Nursing programs in Brazil. Results: 153 active undergraduate Nursing programs were found, of which 106 provide the pedagogical project. In addition to deontological teaching, the teaching of ethics was identified in a transversal way associated with themes such as Social Context, Hospital and Community Care, Pharmacology, Systematization of Nursing Care, Surgical Nursing, Epidemiology, Palliative Care, Management in Nursing, Diversity, Women’s, Children’s, Adolescent’s, Adult’s and Older People’s Health, and Mental Health. Final Considerations: the challenge in teaching nursing ethics is its integration with each action of caring, teaching and managing. Objectives institutions Methods study Brazil Results 15 found 10 project Context Care Pharmacology Epidemiology Diversity Womens, Womens Women s, s Women’s Childrens, Childrens Children Children’s Adolescents, Adolescents Adolescent Adolescent’s Adults Adult Peoples People Health Considerations caring managing 1

RESUMO Objetivos: traçar o panorama do ensino da ética nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem nas instituições públicas de ensino superior brasileiras. Métodos: estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizado por meio da análise documental de projetos pedagógicos de cursos de graduação em Enfermagem no Brasil. Resultados: foram encontrados 153 cursos ativos de graduação em Enfermagem, dos quais 106 disponibilizam o projeto pedagógico. Além do ensino deontológico, foi identificado o ensino de ética de forma transversal associada a temas como Contexto Social, Atenção Hospitalar e Comunitária, Farmacologia, Sistematização da Assistência em Enfermagem, Enfermagem Cirúrgica, Epidemiologia, Cuidados Paliativos, Gestão em Enfermagem, Diversidade, Saúde da Mulher, Criança, Adolescente, Adulto e Idoso e Saúde Mental. Considerações Finais: o desafio no ensino da ética em enfermagem é sua integração com cada ação de cuidar, ensinar e gerenciar. Objetivos brasileiras Métodos exploratório Brasil Resultados 15 10 pedagógico deontológico Social Comunitária Farmacologia Cirúrgica Epidemiologia Paliativos Diversidade Mulher Criança Adolescente Mental Finais cuidar gerenciar 1

RESUMO O eucalipto é uma espécie das mais cultivadas no âmbito nacional, cuja madeira é amplamente utilizada na fabricação de móveis e outros produtos derivados. Entretanto, ela está sujeita a variações por conta de mudanças na umidade e outros fatores. Para minimizar tais variações, estudaram-se alguns tratamentos de forma pouco agressiva ao meio ambiente. Assim, este trabalho analisou as propriedades físicas e químicas da madeira de clones híbridos de Eucalyptus urograndis, in natura e termicamente modificada nas temperaturas de 140, 160, 180, 200 e 220°C, com 8,5 anos de idade, plantados em Buri-SP, Brasil. A caracterização física foi realizada segundo Brito, Garcia e Bortoletto (2006) e normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (1997), e a caracterização química segundo as normas Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (1999). Através de análises estatísticas de regressão fatorial com significância de 5%, o fator clone não causou interferência nas propriedades analisadas; a variação que ocorreu foi por conta da temperatura utilizada; a hemicelulose foi a principal propriedade química afetada por conta da temperatura; os tratamentos mais interessantes foram os realizados até 180 °C, uma vez que não comprometeram muito as propriedades químicas da madeira e, consequentemente, não afetariam tanto suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. nacional derivados Entretanto fatores estudaramse estudaram se ambiente Assim urograndis 140 160 20 220C C 220 220°C 85 8 5 8, idade BuriSP, BuriSP Buri SP, SP Buri-SP Brasil Brito 2006 (2006 1997, 1997 , (1997) 1999. 1999 . (1999) 5% analisadas 18 °C consequentemente mecânicas 14 16 2 22 (200 199 (1997 (1999 1 (20 19 (199 (2 (19 ( (1

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus is a species of the most cultivated in the national scope, whose wood is widely used in the manufacture of furniture and other derived products. However, it is subjected to variations due to changes in moisture and other factors. To minimize such variations, some treatments were studied in a non-environmentally aggressive manner. This work analyzed the physical and chemical properties of wood of hybrid clones of Eucalyptus urograndis, “in natura” and thermally modified at temperatures of 140, 160, 180, 200 and 220°C, with 8.5 years of age, planted in Buri-SP, Brazil. The physical characterization was performed according to Brito, Garcia and Bortoletto (2006) and Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (1997), and the chemical characterization according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (1999). Through statistical analysis of factorial regression with significance of 5%, the clone factor did not cause interference in the analyzed properties; the variation that occurred was due to the temperature used; the hemicellulose was the main chemical property affected by the temperature; the most interesting treatments were those performed up to 180°C, since they did not compromise much the chemical properties of the wood and, consequently, would not affect so much their physical and mechanical properties. scope products However factors nonenvironmentally non environmentally manner urograndis natura 140 160 180 20 220C C 220 220°C 85 8 5 8. age BuriSP, BuriSP Buri SP, SP Buri-SP Brazil Brito 2006 (2006 1997, 1997 , (1997) 1999. 1999 . (1999) 5% 180C 180°C consequently 14 16 18 2 22 (200 199 (1997 (1999 1 (20 19 (199 (2 (19 ( (1