ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time, using extracts from the leaf and peel of Plinia cauliflora (jabuticaba) fruit by varying the pH level of the reaction medium. The powders were obtained after calcination at 400 ºC and characterized by thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the use of jabuticaba leaf extract favored the stabilization of nanoparticles, providing smaller crystallite sizes and lower crystallinity. Crystallite sizes smaller than 50 nm were obtained using the leaf extract with pH level adjusted to 7 and 10. The morphology was strongly affected by both the extracts and the pH levels of the medium, and showed a flower-like shape when using jabuticaba peel extract at pH 7. Thus, the use of Plinia cauliflora extract showed a promising potential for the production of ZnO nanoparticles with different morphologies. time (jabuticaba medium 40 TGA, TGA , (TGA) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) FTIR (FTIR SEM. SEM . (SEM) crystallinity 5 10 flowerlike flower like Thus morphologies 4 (TGA (XRD (SEM 1

ABSTRACT The genus Desmanthus presents wide ecogeographical distribution and complex taxonomy. Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.) Thellung, popularly known in Brazil as Jureminha, is a leguminous species native to the Northeast region of Brazil, which stands out by its high protein content, resistance to droughts, and by presenting no toxicity to animals. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 15 progenies from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO; Australia), through germplasm exchange for enrichment of the Desmanthus genebank of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, in Nossa Senhora das Dores, SE, Brazil. Fifteen ISSR markers were used, from which 8 were selected. The progenies identified as 242, 245, 246, 255, and 268 were the most genetically distant, and the most recommended to be introduced to the genebank. taxonomy L. L (L. Thellung Jureminha content droughts animals 1 CSIRO (CSIRO Australia, Australia , Australia) Costeiros Dores SE used selected 242 245 246 255 26 distant (L 24 25 2

RESUMO O gênero Desmanthus apresenta ampla distribuição ecogeográfica e complexa taxonomia. O Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.) Thellung, popularmente conhecido como Jureminha, é uma leguminosa nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, que se destaca pelo elevado teor de proteína, resistência à seca e por não apresentar toxicidade aos animais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a diversidade genética de 15 progênies oriundas do CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Austrália), através de intercâmbio de germoplasma, para o enriquecimento do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Desmanthus da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (BAG), em Nossa Senhora das Dores, SE, Brasil. Foram utilizados 15 marcadores ISSR, dos quais oito foram selecionados. As progênies identificadas como 242, 245, 246, 255 e 268 foram as mais distantes geneticamente, e as mais indicadas para serem introduzidas no BAG. taxonomia L. L (L. Thellung Jureminha brasileiro proteína animais 1 Commonwealth Organization Austrália, Austrália , Austrália) germoplasma BAG, BAG (BAG) Dores SE Brasil ISSR selecionados 242 245 246 25 26 geneticamente (L (BAG 24 2

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing the maintenance diet of Boer goat kids with Acacia cochliacantha leaves. The endpoints evaluated were Haemonchus contortus fecal egg count (FEC) and water and dry matter intake. Two experimental treatments were evaluated on ten recently weaned goat kids (16.850 ± 1.630 kg of initial live weight and three months of age) experimentally infested with H. contortus larvae (L3) (350 larvae per live weight kilogram). Treatment 1 (T1) served as the control and consisted of infested animals without diet supplementation with A. cochliacantha leaves. Treatment 2 (T2) consisted of infested animals fed diets supplemented with 5% of A. cochliacantha leaves. Animals were grouped from highest to lowest based on their FEC. The two animals groups with the highest values were randomly assigned to T1 or T2; this was repeated until completing five repetitions per treatment. The evaluated variables were: FEC (per gram of feces), water intake, and dry matter intake (DMI). The results show that goat kids fed diets with 5% of A. cochliacantha leaves have lower (P<0.05) FEC than the control. There were no significant differences in water intake and DMI (g d-1) between treatments. This study demonstrates the anthelmintic activity of diets supplemented with A. cochliacantha leaves in goat kids. Thus, this arboreal legume could represent a viable option for the comprehensive management of the nematodiasis of growing Boer goat kids.

Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de hojas de Acacia cochliacantha en una dieta de mantenimiento para cabritos de la raza Boer en el conteo fecal de huevos (CFH) de Haemonchus contortus, consumo de agua y materia seca. Diez cabritos recién destetados (16.850 ± 1.630 kg de peso vivo inicial y 3 meses de edad), fueron experimentalmente infestados con larvas (L3) de H. contortus (350 larvas por kilogramo de peso vivo), para probar dos tratamientos: T1: testigo (animales infectados con larvas L3 de H. contortus, sin inclusión de hojas de A. cochliacantha) y T2: animales infectados con larvas L3 de H. contortus, con inclusión de 5% hojas de A. cochliacantha en la dieta. Antes de asignar los tratamientos a los animales, se realizó un CFH por gramos de heces en cada uno de ellos y de esta manera agruparlos de mayor a menor en relación a la cantidad de huevos presentes en las heces, en los dos animales con valores más altos se asignaron aleatoriamente T1 o T2 y así sucesivamente hasta completar cinco repeticiones verdaderas para cada tratamiento. Las variables medidas fueron: CFH (por gramo de heces), consumo de agua y consumo de materia seca (CMS). Los resultados encontrados demostraron reducción (P<0.05) en el CFH de H. contortus en los cabritos donde se incluyó el 5% de hojas de A. cochliacantha en su dieta. Para el consumo de agua y CMS (g día-1) no existieron diferencias entre tratamientos (P> 0.05). Se concluye que la adición de hojas de A. cochliacantha en dietas para cabritos tienen actividad antihelmíntica, por lo que esta leguminosa arbórea podría representar una opción en el manejo integral de la nematodiasis de cabritos Boer en crecimiento.

RESUMO Myracrodruon urundeuva, Handroanthus impetiginosus e Amburana cearensis são árvores da caatinga que produzem madeira valiosa, mas pouco se conhece sobre sua ecologia. Avaliou-se a distribuição de suas sementes no solo antes e após a dispersão, a emergência, a sobrevivência e o crescimento das mudas na estação chuvosa após a dispersão. Não havia sementes viáveis remanescentes dessas espécies no banco de sementes antes da dispersão. Após a dispersão, foram observadas, em média, 188 sementes m3 em um raio de 30 m em torno das M. urundeuva, 9 sementes m-2 em um raio de 10 m das H. impetiginosus e 5 sementes m-2 em um raio de 20 m ao redor das A. cearensis. A distância de dispersão atingiu 30, 20 e 10 m para M. urundeuva, H. impetiginosus e A. cearensis, respectivamente, certamente devido a diferenças na altura das árvores, no peso das sementes, na densidade da floresta e intensidade do vento. A emergência das plántulas foi observada durante 4 (M. urundeuva) e 9 (H. impetiginosus e A. cearensis) semanas. A mortalidade predominou no início e no final da estação chuvosa para M. urundeuva e A. cearensis, respectivamente, enquanto praticamente todas as mudas de H. impetiginosus sobreviveram. Myracrodruon urundeuva apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade, mas estabeleceu mais mudas do que as outras espécies. A sobrevivência das mudas mostrou-se máxima a aproximadamente 5 metros das árvores. O recrutamento de mudas e a regeneração natural dessas árvores estão assegurados nesta área de Caatinga.

ABSTRACT Myracrodruon urundeuva, Handroanthus impetiginosus and Amburana cearensis are Caatinga tree species that produce valuable timber, but little is known about their ecology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seed distribution of these species on the forest floor before and after seed dispersal; and seedling emergence, survival, and growth during the rainy season after dispersal of seeds. There were no remaining viable seeds of these species in the seedbank before seed dispersal. The average numbers of seeds after seed dispersal were 188 seed m-2 in a 30 m radius around M. urundeuva, 9 seed m-2 in a 10 m radius around H. impetiginosus, and 5 seed m-2 in a 20 m radius around A. cearensis. The distance of seed dispersal reached 30, 20, and 10 m for M. urundeuva, H. impetiginosus, and A. cearensis trees, respectively, due to differences in tree height, seed weight, forest density, and wind intensity. Seedling emergence was observed during 4 (M. urundeuva) and 9 (H. impetiginosus and A. cearensis) weeks. High mortality predominated at the beginning and end of the rainy season for M. urundeuva and A. cearensis, respectively, while practically all H. impetiginosus seedlings survived. M. urundeuva showed the highest mortality but had higher number of established seedlings than the other species. Seedling survival peaked around 5 m from the tree base. Seedling recruitment and natural regeneration of these trees are assured in the Caatinga site evaluated.

In this study, the efficiency of biochar (BC) produced from sugarcane bagasse at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 400, 500 and 600 ºC) for simultaneous removal of CdII, PbII, CuII, CrIII, NiII and ZnII ions from aqueous solutions was assessed. All BC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). The effects of pyrolysis temperature, initial adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dosage on adorption capacity of BC were examined through batch experiments. The BC efficiency was also evaluated after a desorption cycle. The maximal adsorptions (CdII: 51.50%, CrIII: 74.35%, CuII: 91.18%, NiII: 47.05%, PbII: 96.17% and ZnII: 40.50%) were observed for BC produced at 500 ºC, probably because of its higher porosity and presence of functional groups detected by SEM and FTIR. The maximum adsorption capacity for CdII, CrIII, CuII, NiII and ZnII (ions fitted to Langmuir model) were 175, 303, 455, 156 and 128 µg g-1, respectively. The predominance of phenolic groups observed in Py-GC-MS data may explain the high percentage of multi-element removal. Experimental data were best fitted to pseudo-second order, Sips and Freundlich models. The BC presented good removal results after a desorption cycle.

A babesiose, a anaplasmose e a tripanossomose são enfermidades relevantes, potencialmente causadoras de morbidade em bovinos, levando a perdas econômicas. A borreliose assume importância como zoonose potencial. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar, por meio do ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA), a freqüência de anticorpos para Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Anaplasma marginale, Trypanosoma vivax e Borrelia burgdorferi em bovinos da região nordeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Amostras de soro de 246 vacas dos municípios de Castanhal e São Miguel do Guamá foram usadas. ELISAs com antígeno bruto foram utilizados para detector anticorpos contra todos os agentes, exceto para A. marginale, para o qual um ELISA indireto com proteína principal de superfície 1a (MSP1a) foi usado. As freqüências de bovinos soropositivos foram: B. bigemina - 99,2%; B. bovis - 98,8%; A. marginale - 68,3%; T. vivax - 93,1% and B. burgdorferi -54,9% As freqüências de bovinos soropositivos para B. bovis e B. bigemina sugerem uma alta taxa de transmissão desses organismos por carrapatos, na região estudada, a qual pode ser classificada com sendo de estabilidade enzoótica para os hemoparasitos. A baixa freqüência de bovinos soropositivos para A. marginale pode ser atribuída a uma menor sensibilidade do ELISA com antígeno recombinante, ou uma menor taxa de inoculação da riquétsia pelos carrapatos, quando comparada àquelas observadas para Babesia sp. A alta freqüência de bovinos soropositivos para T. vivax indica que esse hemoprotozoário é prevalente em rebanhos do nordeste do Estado do Pará. O percentual de animais com anticorpos homólogos para B. burgdorferi indica a presenças deste espiroquetídeo transmitido por carrapatos na população de bovinos da região estudada.

Babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomosis are relevant diseases, potentially causing morbidity in cattle, leading to economic losses. Borreliosis is import as a potential zoonosis. The objective of this study was to determine, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the frequency of seropositive cattle to Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Anaplasma marginale, Trypanosoma vivax and Borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the Northeastern region of Pará, Brazil. Sera samples from 246 female adult cattle from municipalities of Castanhal and São Miguel do Guamá were used. Crude antigens ELISAs were used to detect antibodies to all agents, except to A. marginale, to which an indirect ELISA with recombinant major surface 1a protein (MSP1a) antigen was used. Overall frequencies of seropositive animals were: B. bigemina - 99.2%; B. bovis - 98.8%; A. marginale - 68.3%; T. vivax - 93.1% and B. burgdorferi - 54.9%. The frequencies of seropositive cattle to B. bovis and B. bigemina suggest a high rate of transmission of these organisms by tick in the studied region, which can be classified as enzootically stable to these hemoprotozoans. The low frequency of seropositive cattle to A. marginale may be attributed to a lower sensitivity of the recombinant antigen ELISA utilized or a distinct rate of inoculation of this rickettsia by ticks, as compared with Babesia sp. transmission. The high frequency of seropositive cattle to T. vivax indicates that this hemoprotozoan is prevalent in herds from the Northeastern region of Pará. The rate of animal that showed homologues antibodies to B. burgdorferi indicates the presence of the tickborne spirochaetal agent in the cattle population in the studied region.