Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body weight (BW) and different biometric measurements in llamas (Lama glama) from the Bolivian highlands and to generate prediction models of BW. A total of 515 individual records of BW and biometric measurements were used. The measurements were taken on 202 males and 313 females aged between 0.5 and 5 years, and included: neck length (NL), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), abdomen circumference (AC), rib depth (RD), hip width (HW), pin bone width (PBW), thoracic width (TW), and back length (BKL). The relationships between BW and biometric measurements were developed using simple linear and multiple regression. For the evaluation, the relationship between the observed and predicted values of BW was determined by linear regression, the mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) and root MSEP (RMSEP); concordance correlation coefficient analysis was also used. The BW ranged from 22 to 122 kg. Regression equations between BW, HG and RD had an r2 of 0.94 and 0.92, respectively (RMSEP= 6.06 and 6.70 kg, respectively). The equations were highly precise (r2 >0.86) and accurate (Cb>0.98), with a reproducibility index > 0.92. The model efficiency (MEF) indicated a higher efficiency of prediction (MEF > 0.86). Using a single predictor, HG and RD accounted for more than 92% of the variation in BW. Overall, HG may be used as a single predictor to predict BW in llamas maintained under the conditions of the Bolivian highlands.

ABSTRACT The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture offers diverse applications, with a noteworthy emphasis on enhancing production rates and elevating the nutritional values of plants. This study specifically explores the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia cultivated through a hydroponic system utilizing the nutrient film technique (NFT). The research was carried out during the autumn-winter cycle of 2022-2023. The main objective of this research was to assess the impact of NPs ZnO on yield, bioactive compounds, and enzymatic activity in lettuce. The treatments under evaluation included a control treatment (0) and four equidistant doses of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-1 of nanoparticles. The experimental design employed was completely randomized. The results obtained indicate a significant increase in the concentration of zinc (Zn2+) in plants with the application of ZnO NPs, resulting in a heightened production of beneficial metabolites for the crop. Remarkably, the concentration of 40 mg L-1 of ZnO NPs demonstrated significant improvements in comparison to the control treatment across all evaluated variables: fresh weight, dry matter, zinc content, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids, vitamin C, catalase and peroxidase. These findings suggest that this specific dose could be optimal for achieving maximum benefits. In conclusion, foliar application of ZnO NPs emerges as a practical approach to enrich lettuce plants and alleviate micronutrient deficiencies in the population.

RESUMEN El uso de nanopartículas (NPs) en la agricultura presenta diversas aplicaciones, entre las cuales se destaca el potencial para aumentar las tasas de producción y mejorar los valores nutricionales de las plantas. Este estudio se centra en la aplicación foliar de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (NPs-ZnO) en plantas de Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia producidas en un sistema hidropónico con la técnica de película de nutrientes (NFT). La investigación se llevó a cabo durante el ciclo otoño-invierno 2022-2023. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue evaluar el impacto de las NPs-ZnO sobre el rendimiento, compuestos bioactivos y actividad enzimática en lechuga. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: tratamiento control (0) y cuatro dosis equidistantes de 10, 20, 30 y 40 mg L-1 de nanopartículas; el diseño utilizado fue completamente al azar. Los resultados revelan que la concentración de zinc (Zn2+) en las plantas aumenta significativamente con la aplicación de NPs-ZnO, lo que conlleva a mayor producción de metabolitos beneficiosos para el cultivo. Es destacable que la concentración de 40 mg L-1 de NPs-ZnO haya mostrado mejoras significativas con respecto al tratamiento control en todas las variables evaluadas; peso fresco, materia seca, contenido de zinc, clorofila total, carotenoides totales, fenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante, flavonoides totales, vitamina C, catalasa y peroxidasa, sugiriendo que esta dosis específica podría ser óptima para obtener máximos beneficios. Por lo tanto, la aplicación foliar de NPs ZnO es una manera práctica de enriquecer las plantas de lechuga y mitigar las deficiencias de este micronutriente en la población.

ABSTRACT Backgrounds: Fortunately, much has been studied about COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Evidence suggests that these patients do not appear to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19. However, there are still some uncertainties regarding the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated diseases. Objective: This study aimed to describe the main symptoms of COVID-19 and their frequency in IBD patients and evaluate the impact of the IBD therapeutic drugs on clinical presentation of COVID-19 and to determine factors associated with COVID-19 in this population. Methods: Adult patients with IBD from three tertiary-care public, teaching hospitals in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil, were evaluated during one scheduled appointment from March to December 2020. Patients with possible or confirmed COVID-19 were compared with patients without COVID-19. Furthermore, incidences of each symptom were evaluated based on the use of IBD therapeutic drugs. Results: A total of 515 patients with IBD were included in the study: 234 with CD, and 281 with UC. Of these, 174 patients (34%) had possible/confirmed COVID-19 of whom 156 (90%) were symptomatic. Main symptoms were fever (65%) and headache (65%); gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in one third of patients and were higher than COVID-19 in general population. The factors associated with having COVID-19 were female gender (OR 1.71, 95%CI: 1.17-2.50); contact at home (OR 5.07, 95%CI: 3.31-7.78) and outside the home (OR 3.14, 95%CI: 2.10-4.71) with a case of COVID-19; work outside of the home (OR 1.87, 95%CI: 1.26-2.78); family history of COVID-19 (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.58-3.33) use of salicylate (OR 1.71, 95%CI: 1.17-4.28); and asthma (OR 7.10, 95%CI: 1.46-34.57). Conclusion: IBD patients at high risk of COVID-19 infection may need to avoid salicylate therapy but further studies are necessary to confirm this association. Backgrounds Fortunately COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 IBD. . (IBD) COVID19. 19. However immunemediated immune mediated Objective population Methods tertiarycare tertiary care public Ceará Brazil 2020 Furthermore Results 51 23 CD 28 UC 17 34% 34 (34% possibleconfirmed 15 90% 90 (90% symptomatic 65% 65 (65% OR 171 1 71 1.71 95CI CI 95 1.172.50 117250 1.17 2.50 2 50 1.17-2.50) 507 5 07 5.07 3.317.78 331778 3.31 7.78 3 31 7 78 3.31-7.78 314 14 3.14 2.104.71 210471 2.10 4.71 10 4 2.10-4.71 187 87 1.87 1.262.78 126278 1.26 2.78 26 1.26-2.78) 229 29 2.29 1.583.33 158333 1.58 3.33 58 33 1.58-3.33 1.174.28 117428 4.28 1.17-4.28) 710 7.10 1.4634.57. 1463457 1.46 34.57 46 57 1.46-34.57) Conclusion association COVID1 COVID- (IBD 202 (34 9 (90 6 (65 1.7 172 1.172.5 11725 117 1.1 250 2.5 1.17-2.50 0 5.0 317 3.317.7 33177 331 3.3 778 7.7 3.31-7.7 3.1 104 2.104.7 21047 210 2.1 471 4.7 2.10-4.7 18 8 1.8 262 1.262.7 12627 126 1.2 278 2.7 1.26-2.78 22 2.2 583 1.583.3 15833 158 1.5 333 1.58-3.3 1.174.2 11742 428 4.2 1.17-4.28 7.1 4634 1.4634.57 146345 146 1.4 3457 34.5 1.46-34.57 20 (3 (9 (6 1. 1.172. 1172 11 25 2. 1.17-2.5 5. 3.317. 3317 3. 77 7. 3.31-7. 2.104. 2104 21 47 4. 2.10-4. 1.262. 1262 12 27 1.26-2.7 1.583. 1583 1.58-3. 1.174. 1174 42 1.17-4.2 463 1.4634.5 14634 345 34. 1.46-34.5 ( 1.172 1.17-2. 3.317 3.31-7 2.104 2.10-4 1.262 1.26-2. 1.583 1.58-3 1.174 1.17-4. 1.4634. 1463 1.46-34. 1.17-2 3.31- 2.10- 1.26-2 1.58- 1.17-4 1.4634 1.46-34 1.17- 1.26- 1.463 1.46-3 1.46-

RESUMO Contexto: Felizmente, muito se tem estudado sobre a COVID-19 em pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII). As evidências sugerem que esses pacientes não parecem ter risco aumentado de COVID-19 grave. Mas ainda se tem algumas incertezas com relação às manifestações clínicas da COVID-19 em portadores de doenças imunomediadas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os principais sintomas da COVID-19 e sua frequência em pacientes com DII e avaliar o impacto dos medicamentos utilizados no tratamento das DII na apresentação clínica da COVID-19. Métodos: Pacientes adultos com DII de três hospitais públicos terciários de ensino do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil, foram avaliados em consulta ambulatorial no período de março a dezembro de 2020. Pacientes com COVID-19 possível ou confirmada foram comparados com pacientes sem COVID-19. Além disso, as incidências de cada sintoma foram avaliadas com base no uso de medicamentos utilizados para tratamento da DII. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 515 pacientes com DII: 234 com DC e 281 com RCU. Destes, 174 pacientes (34%) tinham COVID-19 possível/confirmado, dos quais 156 (90%) eram sintomáticos. Os principais sintomas foram febre (65%) e dor de cabeça (65%); sintomas gastrointestinais ocorreram em um terço dos pacientes, sendo mais frequentes do que na população geral com COVID-19. Os fatores associados a ter COVID-19 foram sexo feminino (OR 1,71, IC95%: 1,17-2,50); ter contato com caso de COVID-19, tanto intradomiciliar (OR 5,07; IC95%: 3,31-7,78) como fora do domicílio (OR 3,14; IC95%: 2,10-4,71); trabalhar fora de casa (OR 1,87; IC95%: 1,26-2,78); história familiar de COVID-19 (OR 2,29, IC95% 1,58-3,33), uso de salicilato (OR 1,71, IC95%: 1,17-4,28) e asma (OR 7,10; IC95%: 1,46-34,57). Conclusão: Pacientes com DII com alto risco de infecção por COVID-19 podem precisar evitar a terapia com salicilatos, mas mais estudos são necessários para confirmar esta associação. Contexto Felizmente COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 . (DII) grave imunomediadas Objetivo COVID19. 19. Métodos Ceará Brasil 2020 disso Resultados 51 23 28 RCU Destes 17 34% 34 (34% possívelconfirmado confirmado possível/confirmado 15 90% 90 (90% sintomáticos 65% 65 (65% OR 171 1 71 1,71 IC95 IC 1,172,50 117250 1,17 2,50 2 50 1,17-2,50) COVID19, 19, 5,07 507 5 07 3,317,78 331778 3,31 7,78 3 31 7 78 3,31-7,78 3,14 314 14 2,104,71 210471 2,10 4,71 10 4 2,10-4,71) 1,87 187 87 1,262,78 126278 1,26 2,78 26 1,26-2,78) 229 29 2,29 1,583,33, 158333 1,58 3,33 , 58 33 1,58-3,33) 1,174,28 117428 4,28 1,17-4,28 7,10 710 1,4634,57. 1463457 1,46 34,57 46 57 1,46-34,57) Conclusão salicilatos associação COVID1 COVID- (DII 202 (34 9 (90 6 (65 1,7 IC9 172 1,172,5 11725 117 1,1 250 2,5 1,17-2,50 5,0 0 317 3,317,7 33177 331 3,3 778 7,7 3,31-7,7 3,1 104 2,104,7 21047 210 2,1 471 4,7 2,10-4,71 1,8 18 8 262 1,262,7 12627 126 1,2 278 2,7 1,26-2,78 22 2,2 583 1,583,33 15833 158 1,5 333 1,58-3,33 1,174,2 11742 428 4,2 1,17-4,2 7,1 4634 1,4634,57 146345 146 1,4 3457 34,5 1,46-34,57 20 (3 (9 (6 1, 1,172, 1172 11 25 2, 1,17-2,5 5, 3,317, 3317 3, 77 7, 3,31-7, 2,104, 2104 21 47 4, 2,10-4,7 1,262, 1262 12 27 1,26-2,7 1,583,3 1583 1,58-3,3 1,174, 1174 42 1,17-4, 463 1,4634,5 14634 345 34, 1,46-34,5 ( 1,172 1,17-2, 3,317 3,31-7 2,104 2,10-4, 1,262 1,26-2, 1,583, 1,58-3, 1,174 1,17-4 1,4634, 1463 1,46-34, 1,17-2 3,31- 2,10-4 1,26-2 1,583 1,58-3 1,17- 1,4634 1,46-34 2,10- 1,26- 1,58- 1,463 1,46-3 1,46-

Abstract Periapical lesions (PL) of endodontic origin are one of the most common pathological conditions that affect peri-radicular tissues. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the amount and species of microorganisms isolated from necrotic pulps, establish a correlation between these and the size of periapical lesions, and how the amount and species of microorganisms decreased with non-surgical root canal treatment. Twenty-seven patients with a clinical diagnosis of dental pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesions were selected; a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and microbial samples of the root canal system were taken previous to a disinfection protocol, a post-instrumentation/ disinfection protocol, and a post-medication placement. Samples were processed for colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, Gram staining technique, and bacterial identification by the API-20 Strep/API-20A system. The API system identified 21 species of microorganisms in the pre-instrumentation samples, 11 species in the post-instrumentation samples, and 11 in the post-medication samples. There was a correlation coefficient of 0.598% between the initial size of the lesion and the number of bacteria, with a coefficient of determination up to 35.7%, a correlation coefficient of 0.486% and a determination coefficient of 23.6% between the size of the periapical lesion and the number of CFUs. This study contributes to the knowledge of the amount and species of microorganisms isolated and identified from necrotic pulps, establishes a correlation between the amount and species of microorganisms and the size of the periapical lesions, and shows how the decrease of microorganisms contributes to the healing of PL, corroborating the importance of an adequate disinfection protocol.

Resumen Las lesiones periapicales (LP) de origen endodóncico son la condición patológica más común que afectan los tejidos perirradiculares. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar la cantidad y especie de bacterias aisladas de pulpas necróticas, correlacionar la cantidad y especies bacterianas con el tamaño de la lesión, y cómo disminuyen la cantidad y especies de microorganismos con el tratamiento de conductos. A 27 pacientes con diagnóstico de necrosis pulpar y lesión periapical crónica detectada con CBCT se les tomaron muestras microbianas del sistema de conductos antes y después del protocolo de desinfección y de la medicación intraconducto. Las muestras se procesaron para el recuento de unidades de formación de colonias (UFC), tinción de Gram e identificación mediante el sistema API-20 Strep/API-20A. Se identificaron 21 especies en las muestras pre-instrumentación, 11 en las muestras post-instrumentación y 11 en las muestras post-medicación; se observó un coeficiente de correlación del 0,598% entre el tamaño inicial de la lesión y la cantidad de bacterias, con un coeficiente de determinación hasta el 35,7%, un coeficiente de correlación del 0,486% y un coeficiente de determinación del 23,6% entre el tamaño de la lesión periapical y el número de UFCs. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento sobre la cantidad y especies de microorganismos aislados e identificados a partir de pulpas necróticas, establece una correlación entre la cantidad y especies de microorganismos y el tamaño de las lesiones periapicales y exhibe cómo la disminución de microorganismos contribuye a la curación de LP, corroborando la importancia de un adecuado protocolo de desinfección.

Resumen En México, más de 75% de las especies de cactáceas están sometidas a presión antropogénica y destrucción de su hábitat, como es el caso de Ferocactus pilosus, por lo que es importante aumentar el conocimiento para su recuperación in situ. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la manera en que el ambiente semiárido del Altiplano de Tamaulipas tiende a limitar la distribución de cinco poblaciones de F. pilosus y promueve cambios morfológicos que operan en frutos y semillas. El dendrograma definió la similitud entre poblaciones II, III y IV de la biznaga, debido a diferencias en pedregosidad y ligera condición de humedad por el tipo de clima y la elevación. El análisis Manova y Tukey demostraron la existencia de diferencias significativas en número de semillas (NS) y peso de semillas (PS) de biznaga. El NS fue estadísticamente igual entre las poblaciones II (674 ±191), III (657 ±221) y IV (643 ±246), mientras que en las mismas poblaciones PS fue 0.92 ±0.27, 0.9 ±0.3 y 0.88 ±0.34 mg, respectivamente. Las poblaciones II, III y IV de la biznaga cabuchera, aprovecharon mejor las condiciones ambientales del Altiplano de Tamaulipas prevalecientes en 2013 y 2014, lo que provocó una variación importante de NS y PS en las mismas poblaciones de F. pilosus y el rechazo parcial de la hipótesis.

Abstract In Mexico, more than 75% of cactus species are subject to anthropogenic pressure and habitat destruction, as is the case of Ferocactus pilosus, so it is important to increase knowledge for their recovery in situ. The objective of the study was to determine how the semiarid environment of the Highlands of Tamaulipas tends to limit the distribution of five populations of F. pilosus and promotes morphological changes that operate in fruits and seeds. The dendrogram defined the similarity between populations II, III and IV of the barrel cactus, due to differences in stoniness and slight humidity condition due to the type of climate and elevation. The analyses Manova and Tukey demonstrated the existence of significant differences in seed number (SN) and seed weight (SW) of barrel cactus. The SN was statistically equal between populations II (674 ±191), III (657 ±221) and IV (643 ±246), while in the same populations, SW was 0.92 ±0.27, 0.9 ±0.3 and 0.88 ±0.34 mg, respectively. Populations II, III and IV of the Mexican fire barrel cacti took better advantage of the environmental conditions of the Highlands of Tamaulipas prevailing in 2013 and 2014, which caused a significant variation of SN and SW in the same populations of F. pilosus and the partial rejection of the hypothesis.

Abstract BRS A705 is an early-maturing cultivar developed by Embrapa, recommended for irrigated cultivation. The plants have high tillering and moderate resistance to the main diseases. This cultivar has short stature, which confers a greater tolerance to lodging. It presents high yield and long and fine grains of excellent quality. A A70 earlymaturing early maturing Embrapa cultivation diseases stature lodging quality A7

This study is focused on the performance evaluation of flash-butt-welded rail joints concerning their mechanical strength and fatigue life. Residual stresses created in the heat-affected zone were measured and the effects of the welding process and notch sensitivity on the fatigue behavior in the weld region were experimentally assessed. Aiming at clarifying the physical phenomenon behind the flash-butt welding, nonlinear transient thermomechanical finite-element analyses were performed to reconstitute the welding process and to simulate the subsequent formation of residual stresses. A new hypothesis for explaining higher temperatures in the rail web than in the rail foot and head was suggested and numerically verified. Experimental fatigue results showed high notch sensitivity and highlighted the effects of microstructure variations on the fatigue life. In general, a good agreement was achieved between numerical and experimental measurements of residual stresses, which was essential for understanding the fatigue phenomenon and the formation of residual stresses in flash-butt-welded rail joints. A relevant outcome is the simulation of the hot burrs from the welding process as prescribed heat inputs on a convenient part of the rail surface. This simulation strategy has shown adequate to explain the non-uniform temperature changes and the corresponding originated residual stresses. flashbuttwelded flash butt welded life heataffected affected assessed flashbutt finiteelement finite element verified general surface nonuniform non uniform

ABSTRACT The Scientists of Tomorrow/ Cientistas do Amanhã project is an immersive science training program developed by the Program of Post-Graduation in Health Sciences at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. This program was conducted in partnership with Volunteering and Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Professor Paulo Freire in Paraisópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. The Scientists of Tomorrow Program comprised a short training period conducted in May 2022 involving 37 students, and a long training period from August to December 2022, which included 15 students. It aimed to popularize science through practical activities; transfer knowledge to young students; sensitize and guide them to pursue academic-scientific careers; reduce stereotypes about scientific work and scientists; and help students understand the social, political, and ethical roles of science within society. All activities were led by postgraduate students and professors from our postgraduate program, physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, biomedicals, and veterinarians from Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, as well as medical students from Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein . Activities in the short training included lectures on cinema and science, strategies to combat fake news, non-violent communication, innovation, design-thinking framework, and developing a scientific project. During the long training period, discussions were focused on nanotechnology, animal research, big data, bioinformatics, meditation, blood and bone marrow donation, telemedicine, sex and sexually-transmitted infections, rehabilitation, career opportunities, and scientific integrity. In addition, practical activities were further expanded using optical and confocal microscopy, cytometry, and basic concepts regarding the structure and function of living cells. The program also included the launching of the open-air outreach Education E-natureza activity, which turned students into ambassadors of nature. In conclusion, the Scientists of Tomorrow Program was innovative and enabled young students to learn that science is a collective activity that can enhance public health. PostGraduation Post Graduation Paraisópolis Brazil 202 3 1 academicscientific academic careers scientists social political society physicians nurses physiotherapists biomedicals news nonviolent non violent communication innovation designthinking design thinking framework nanotechnology research data bioinformatics meditation donation telemedicine sexuallytransmitted sexually transmitted infections rehabilitation opportunities integrity addition microscopy cytometry cells openair open air Enatureza E natureza nature conclusion health 20 2

Abstract B. palustris Heering (Asteraceae), has been previously characterized as having an unusual essential oil composition with C9-/C10-polyacetylenes as main components, and mono- and sesqui-terpenes/terpenoids at minor or trace levels. In this work, new insights into the chemical composition of this oil are presented: 1. TLC profiles using different visualization reagents for their characterization, 2. chemical analyses combining HRGC/qMS, HRGC/HRMS-TOF and HRGCxHRGC/HRMS-TOF, and 3. radical scavenging activity assay using the DPPH methodology were performed. The best TLC visualization conditions for the polyacetylenic components of the oil were obtaining using UVλ= 365 nm and vanillin/H3PO4, while the original application of NaDi (1-naphtol + N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine) demonstrated to be the best option to visualize the lachnophyllum acid methyl esters fraction. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry protocols allowed the detection of 63 components in B. palustris oil: 39 of them were identified, 6 tentatively assigned without LRI information, and 18 could not be identified. Most of the identified components were mono- and sesquiterpenes and their derivatives. Ten of them are informed for the first time in B. palustris oil [α-pinene epoxide, rosefuran, epi-cubebol, cubebol, germacrene D-4-ol, junenol, epi-α-cadinol, epi-α-muurolol, germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-β-ol and oplopanone]. C9-/C10-polyacetylenes (baccharisdyine/lachnophyllum acid derivatives) were confirmed as the main components of the oil, while other polyacetylenes were tentatively identified and their possible structures are discussed. The deconvolution analyses on HRGCxHRGC/HRMS-TOF allowed the identification of a lachnophyllum lactone isomer (undefined stereochemistry), co-eluting with the (cis)-lachnophyllum acid methyl ester peak. Finally, B. palustris oil was found to be an inactive DPPH radical scavenger. B Asteraceae, Asteraceae , (Asteraceae) C9/C10polyacetylenes C9C10polyacetylenes CCpolyacetylenes C9 /C10 C10 C mono sesquiterpenes/terpenoids sesquiterpenesterpenoids sesqui terpenes/terpenoids terpenes terpenoids levels work presented 1 characterization 2 HRGCqMS HRGC qMS HRGC/qMS HRGC/HRMSTOF HRGCHRMSTOF HRGC/HRMS TOF HRMS HRGCxHRGC/HRMSTOF, HRGCxHRGCHRMSTOF HRGCxHRGC/HRMS TOF, HRGCxHRGC 3 performed UVλ 36 vanillinH3PO4 vanillinHPO vanillin H3PO4 H PO vanillin/H3PO4 1naphtol naphtol N,Ndimethylpphenylendiamine NNdimethylpphenylendiamine N,N dimethyl p phenylendiamine N N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine fraction chromatographymass chromatography mass information derivatives αpinene α pinene epoxide rosefuran epicubebol, epicubebol epi cubebol epi-cubebol D4ol, D4ol Dol D 4 ol, ol D-4-ol junenol epiαcadinol, epiαcadinol cadinol, cadinol epi-α-cadinol epiαmuurolol, epiαmuurolol muurolol, muurolol epi-α-muurolol germacra415,5,1014trien1βol germacra41551014trien1βol germacratrienβol germacra 15 ,5,10 14 trien β 5 10 oplopanone. oplopanone . oplopanone] baccharisdyine/lachnophyllum baccharisdyinelachnophyllum baccharisdyine discussed HRGCxHRGC/HRMSTOF undefined stereochemistry, stereochemistry stereochemistry) coeluting co eluting cislachnophyllum cis peak Finally scavenger (Asteraceae C10polyacetylenes /C1 C1 terpenesterpenoids HRMSTOF HRGCHRMS HRGCxHRGCHRMS vanillinH vanillinH3PO HPO H3PO vanillin/H3PO Ndimethylpphenylendiamine NN germacra415 1014trien1βol βol 510 ,5,1 Cpolyacetylenes /C germacra41 trienβol 51 ,5, germacra4 ,5

ABSTRACT This study describes the laboratory investigation of two acute Chagas disease outbreaks that occurred in the riverside communities of Marimarituba and Cachoeira do Arua, in the Santarem municipality, Para State, located in the Northern region of Brazil, and occurred in March 2016 and August 2017, respectively. The generation of data regarding the diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites circulating in the Amazon region is key for understanding the emergence and expansion of Chagas disease. This study aimed to identify T. cruzi Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) involved in two outbreaks of acute Chagas disease (ACD) directly from the patient’s biological sample. Nested and multiplex PCR targeting the 24Sα (rRNA) and mini-exon genes, respectively, were used to identify T. cruzi DTU in blood samples from patients diagnosed with ACD. The samples with positive cPCR were submitted for analysis for T. cruzi DTUs, which included 13 samples from the patients with ACD by oral transmission and two samples collected from two newborns of two women with ACD, from Marimarituba and Cachoeira do Arua. The samples were classified as T. cruzi TcIV, from Marimarituba’s outbreak, and T. cruzi TcI, from Cachoeira do Arua’s outbreak. The molecular identification of T. cruzi may increase understanding of the role of this parasite in Chagas disease’s emergence within the Amazon region, contributing to the improvement of the management of this important, but also neglected, disease. Arua municipality State Brazil 201 2017 respectively T DTUs (DTUs (ACD patient s sample Sα rRNA (rRNA miniexon mini exon genes 1 TcIV Marimaritubas outbreak TcI Aruas diseases important neglected 20 2

Resumen Los plaguicidas alteran la calidad del agua y afectan a los usuarios en la cuenca del Río Turbio, México. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar las prácticas y percepciones locales en torno al manejo de los plaguicidas en los municipios de San Francisco y Purísima del Rincón y Manuel Doblado, Guanajuato. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 69 encuestas para muestras de agricultores, proveedores y representantes institucionales, durante septiembre a noviembre de 2021. Los resultados se analizaron de manera descriptiva para identificar las sustancias e impactos más reportados por los usuarios. Se añadió la cuantificación de impacto a la salud y medio ambiente para dichas sustancias. Los plaguicidas más utilizados fueron la cipermetrina, lamda-cialotrina, clorpirifos, fenvalerato y malatión, además de los herbicidas topramezone, 2,4-D, glifosato y paraquat, los cuales se valoraron de poco a moderadamente peligrosos para la salud y de alto a muy alto peligro al ambiente, según los resultados de la valoración de impacto. Las prácticas de uso indican que casi el 50% de agricultores dosifican en base a la etiqueta, el 98% refiere que se protege solo con elementos básicos, y el 48% reportan síntomas de toxicidad aguda (mareo, vómito e intoxicación), irritación ocular o cutánea y sensibilidad respiratoria. Futuras acciones como capacitaciones adecuadas, concientización en seguridad e higiene, disposición de envases y transferencia de conocimiento a tomadores de decisión local son necesarias para reducir los riesgos a la salud, al ambiente y a la producción agrícola.

Abstract Pesticides alter water quality and affect stakeholders in Turbio River basin, Mexico. The aim of this study was to identify local practices and perceptions regarding the management of pesticides in San Francisco, Purísima del Rincón, and Manuel Doblado, municipalities of Guanajuato. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 69 agricultural workers, suppliers, and institutional representatives from September to November 2021. The results were analysed descriptively to identify the substances and impacts most frequently reported by stakeholders. The quantification of the impact on health and the environment for these substances was added. Insecticides like cypermethrin, lamda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, and malathion, in addition to the herbicides topramezone, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and paraquat, were widely used. These were rated as low to moderately hazardous to health and high to very high hazardous to environment, according to the impact assessment results. Handling practices indicate that almost 50% of farm workers dose based on the label of products, 98% report that they protect themselves only with basic elements, and 48% report symptoms of acute toxicity (dizziness, vomiting, and intoxication), eye or skin irritation, and respiratory sensitivity. Future actions such as adequate training, safety and hygiene awareness, container disposal, and transfer of knowledge to local decision makers are necessary to reduce risks to health, to the environment, and to agricultural production.

Resumen La evaluación de la calidad de la semilla permite conocer el estado físico, fisiológico, genético y sanitario que presenta, así como predecir la respuesta potencial a la siembra y los primeros estados de crecimiento de la planta. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la solución nutritiva Steiner (normal y modificada) y del sustrato de crecimiento en la calidad física y fisiológica de semilla de tomate. El experimento se realizó en el invernadero del Tecnológico Nacional de México, campus Roque, ubicado en Celaya, Guanajuato, México, en el periodo marzo-julio del 2018.Se usaron dos factores: solución nutritiva Steiner completa (100%, testigo) y dos variantes: diluida (-25%, -50%) y concentrada (+25%, +50%) y dos sustratos: tezontle rojo y fibra de coco. La cosecha (o corte) de racimos con frutos se desarrolló en cinco fechas: 72, 86, 97, 108 y 120 días después del trasplante (ddt), identificada por el color rosado/rojo del pericarpio del fruto, a partir de lo cual se determinó la calidad de la semilla extraída mediante peso de 100 semillas y porcentaje de germinación estándar. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo (p ≤ 0,01) de la solución nutritiva en el peso de la semilla a partir del tercer corte (97 ddt) y en la germinación estándar a 108 y 120 ddt; mientras que el sustrato lo hizo únicamente a los 97 ddt en ambas características. Así, la solución nutritiva Steiner concentrada (+25% y +50%) acompañada de fibra de coco promueve el mayor peso de la semilla e incrementa la germinación estándar de la semilla de tomate de 20% a 26 %, por lo que la calidad de la semilla de tomate mejora con el manejo racional de la solución nutritiva Steiner.

Abstract The evaluation of seed quality allows to know the physical, physiological, genetic and sanitary state of the seed, as well as to predict the potential response to sowing and the first stages of plant growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of Steiner nutrient solution (normal and modified) and growth substrate on the physical and physiological quality of tomato seed. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse at the Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Roque, located in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico, in the period March-July 2018. Two factors were used: complete Steiner nutrient solution (100 %, control) and two variants: diluted (-25 %, -50 %) and concentrated (+25 %, +50 %) and two substrates: red tezontle and coconut fiber. The harvest (or cutting) of bunches with fruit was carried out on five dates: 72, 86, 97, 108 and 120 days after transplanting (ddt), identified by the pink/red color of the fruit pericarp, from which the quality of the seed extracted was determined by weight of 100 seeds and standard germination percentage. The results showed significant effect (p ≤ 0.01) of the nutrient solution on seed weight from the third cut (97 ddt) and on standard germination at 108 and 120 ddt. While the substrate did so only at 97 ddt in both characteristics. Thus, the concentrated Steiner nutrient solution (+25 and +50 %) together with coconut fiber, promoted higher seed weight and increased the standard germination of tomato seed from 20 to 26 %. The quality of tomato seed improves with the rational handling of Steiner nutrient solution.

RESUMO Contexto: A litíase biliar pode ser definida como a presença de cálculo ou barro biliar na vesícula e/ou nos ductos biliares. A doença pode ser assintomática ou sintomática, podendo levar a complicações e, consequentemente, a um pior prognóstico, como colecistite aguda, coledocolitíase, colangite e pancreatite aguda. O risco de complicações aumenta após o primeiro episódio de cólica biliar. Objetivo: Avaliação clínica-epidemiológica dos pacientes internados em enfermaria de gastroenterologia de um hospital terciário, com complicações relacionadas à litíase biliar. Métodos: Foram avaliados 158 pacientes internados no período de 1º de janeiro de 2013 a 24 de fevereiro de 2021, por meio de análise de relatório de alta e prontuário. Resultados: Houve uma predominância do sexo feminino (76,6%), e a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 51,6 anos. Homens eram significativamente mais velhos que as mulheres (P=0,005). A maioria (57,6%) apresentava alguma comorbidade, sendo as mais frequentes: hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e obesidade. A média de tempo de internação foi de 24 dias, sendo significativamente maior para os homens (P=0,046), mas sem relação direta com a idade (P=0,414). A complicação mais frequente foi a coledocolitíase, e 55,7% dos pacientes sem colecistectomia prévia apresentaram relato de cólica biliar antes da internação, em média, 1,5 anos antes. Histórico de colecistectomia prévia estava presente em 17,1% dos avaliados. Ultrassonografia abdominal, seguida de colangiorressonância magnética foram os exames complementares mais frequentemente realizados para definição diagnóstica. Em relação às medidas terapêuticas, a colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE) foi necessária em 47,3% dos pacientes sem colecistectomia prévia e 81,4% dos pacientes com colecistectomia prévia. Dos pacientes ainda não colecistectomizados, 84% deles puderam ser submetidos ao procedimento antes da alta. Conclusão: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino. Os homens foram significativamente mais velhos do que as mulheres e tiveram uma permanência hospitalar consideravelmente mais longa. A complicação mais frequente foi a coledocolitíase, e cerca de metade dos pacientes relatou cólica biliar prévia. A CPRE foi necessária para a maioria dos pacientes.

ABSTRACT Background: Gallstones are the presence of bile clay in the gallbladder or bile ducts. The disease can be asymptomatic or symptomatic and can lead to complications and consequently a worse prognosis, such as acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and acute pancreatitis. The risk of complications increases after the first episode of biliary colic. Objective: A clinical-epidemiological evaluation of patients admitted to a gastroenterology ward of a tertiary care hospital with gallstone-related complications. Methods: We evaluated 158 patients admitted through discharge reports and medical records analysis from January 1, 2013, to February 24, 2021. Results: The female sex was predominant (76.6%), and the mean age of patients was 51.6 years. Men were significantly older than women (P=0.005). Most (57.6%) had some comorbidity, the most frequent being systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. The mean hospitalization time was 24 days, significantly longer in men (P=0.046) but without a direct relationship with age (P=0.414). The most frequent complication was choledocholithiasis, and 55.7% of patients without previous cholecystectomy had a report of biliary colic before admission, on average 1.5 years previously. A history of a prior cholecystectomy was present in 17.1% of those evaluated. Abdominal ultrasonography followed by magnetic resonance cholangiography was the most frequently performed exam for diagnostic definition. Regarding therapeutic measures, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was necessary for 47.3% of patients without previous cholecystectomy and 81.4% of patients who have already had a cholecystectomy. Among patients not yet cholecystectomized, 84% underwent the procedure before discharge. Conclusion: The female patients were predominant. Men were significantly older than women and had more extended hospital stays. The most frequent complication was choledocholithiasis, and around half of the patients reported previous biliary colic. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has been necessary for the majority of the patients.

Abstract: Biostimulants contain substances that regulate the secondary metabolism of plants. In addition to stimulating plant growth and development, they activate physiological and biochemical functions that help mitigate salt stress in plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mitigating effect of a commercial biostimulant on proline content, total protein and antioxidant enzymatic activity of three varieties of basil subjected to salinity stress with sodium chloride (NaCl). The design used was completely randomized with a factorial arrangement. Factor A were the varieties (Napoletano, Nufar and Emily), factor B the NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and factor C, the doses of the biostimulant (0 and 0.5 mL L-1) with four repetitions. Proline content, total protein, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were determined in leaves and roots. The results showed that basil varieties increased proline, CAT, SOD and GPX concentrations as NaCl concentrations were moderate to severe (100 and 150 mM). The plants treated with 0.5 mL L-1 of the biostimulant significantly increased the variables studied, even in the presence of NaCl stress, determining the mitigating action of the biostimulant by promoting greater antioxidant enzymatic activity and an increase in osmoregulatory substances.

Resumen: Los bioestimulantes contienen sustancias que regulan el metabolismo secundario de las plantas. Además de estimular el crecimiento y el desarrollo vegetal, activan funciones fisiológicas y bioquímicas que ayudan a mitigar el estrés salino en las plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto mitigador de un bioestimulante comercial en el contenido de prolina, proteínas totales y actividad enzimática antioxidante de tres variedades de albahaca sometidas a estrés por salinidad con cloruro de sodio (NaCl). El diseño utilizado fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial. El factor A fueron las variedades (Napoletano, Nufar y Emily), el factor B las concentraciones de NaCl (0, 50, 100 y 150 mM) y el factor C, las dosis del bioestimulante (0 y 0.5 mL L-1) con cuatro repeticiones. El contenido de prolina, proteínas totales y la actividad de superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT) y glutatión peroxidasa (GPX) se determinaron en hojas y raíces. Los resultados mostraron que las variedades de albahaca aumentaron las concentraciones de prolina, CAT, SOD y GPX conforme las concentraciones de NaCl fueron de moderadas a severas (100 y 150 mM). Las plantas tratadas con 0.5 mL L-1 del bioestimulante, incrementaron significativamente las variables estudiadas, aún en presencia del estrés por NaCl, determinándose la acción mitigadora del bioestimulante al promover una mayor actividad enzimática antioxidante y un aumento de sustancias osmorreguladoras.