Abstract Determining the diet of herbivores through the epidermal structures present in their excreta makes it possible to identify the plants consumed and estimate the variations at different times of the year. The objective of the study was to determine the botanical composition of the diet of the deer Central American Red Brocket (Mazama temama), in the Parque Nacional Cañón del Río Blanco (PNCRB), Veracruz, Mexico. The vegetation where the study was carried out is an evergreen tropical forest with the presence of induced vegetation. Sampling was carried out during the dry and rainy season of 2021. The plant species consumed were identified with the microhistological analysis of epidermal residues in fecal samples. The diet consisted of 18 species of plants belonging to 14 botanical families. The highest percentage of consumption was for the Solanaceae family (16.6%), followed by Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitacea and Malvaceae (11.1% each). 66% of the plants were consumed in the dry season, and consumption increased by 34% during the rainy season, showing 100% of the plant species in the rainy season, showing 100% consumption in the rainy season.. The plants consumed were 10 herbaceous plants (55.5%), six arboreal plants (33.5%), one shrub and one grass (5.5% each); forest edge plants (BB = 44%), forest interior plants (IB = 33%) and cultured plants (CP = 23%), constituted the diet. M. temama adapted its diet to the availability and temporal and spatial distribution of plants in the habitat and based on climatic conditions (dry vs. rainy).

Resumen La determinación de la dieta de herbívoros a través de las estructuras epidérmicas presentes en sus excretas permite identificar las plantas consumidas y estimar las variaciones entre épocas del año. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la composición botánica de la dieta del venado temazate rojo (Mazama temama) en el Parque Nacional Cañón del Río Blanco (PNCRB), Veracruz, México. La vegetación donde se realizó el estudio es un bosque tropical perennifolio con presencia de vegetación inducida. Los muestreos se realizaron en la época de secas y de lluvias del 2021. Las especies vegetales consumidas se identificaron con análisis microhistológico de residuos epidérmicos en muestras fecales. La dieta estuvo conformada por 18 especies de plantas de 14 familias botánicas. El mayor porcentaje de consumo lo tuvo la familia Solanaceae (16.6%), enseguida Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitacea y Malvaceae (11.1% cada una). El 66% de las plantas fueron consumidas en la época de secas, y aumentó un 34% de consumo durante lluvias, mostrando un 100% del porcentaje de consumo en lluvias. Las plantas consumidas fueron 10 de porte herbáceo (55.5%), seis de porte arbóreo (33.5%), una arbustiva y un pasto (5.5% cada una); plantas de borde de bosque (BB = 44%), de interior de bosque (IB = 33%) y cultivadas (PC = 23%), constituyeron la dieta. M. temama adaptó su dieta a la disponibilidad y distribución temporal y espacial de las plantas en el hábitat y con base en las condiciones climáticas (secas vs lluvias).

RESUMEN Introducción: La Pandemia COVID-19, ha tenido impactos negativos en la salud física y mental de las personas, así como las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos, para prevenir el contagio masivo de la población como el confinamiento, el aislamiento social, el trabajo y educación virtual. Dentro de los afectados por estos cambios, se encontrarían los estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud, que además de estudiar en estas condiciones de pandemia, no han podido hacer sus prácticas de los servicios de salud. Esta situación de exposición al aislamiento, podría afectar la salud mental de los jóvenes estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: determinar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y las características del aislamiento social durante la Pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal y cuantitativo, con una muestra de 818 estudiantes universitarios de facultades de ciencias de la salud, mediante el cuestionario autoadministrado DASS-21. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron: una mayor prevalencia en niveles altos (severos y extremadamente severos) en la ansiedad, alcanzado casi a 4 de cada 10 de los evaluados; por otro lado, en depresión y el estrés, 2 de cada 10 de los evaluados, se encontraron en los niveles mencionados. En relación con las variables sociodemográficas, las relacionadas con el COVID-19 y aislamiento social, se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el género (mujeres > varones), el haber tenido COVID-19 (Sí > No) y vivir con familiares como antes de la pandemia (Sí > No) obtuvieron en promedio mayores puntajes en depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusión: Los estudiantes que presentaron mayor depresión, ansiedad y estrés con una diferencia significativa fueron de género femenino, con antecedentes de haber tenido Covid-19, menor contacto con familiares y haber cumplido con aislamiento social total.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 Pandemic has had negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people, as well as the measures adopted by governments to prevent the massive contagion of the population, such as confinement, social isolation, virtual work, and virtual education. Among those affected by these changes would be university students in the health area who, in addition to studying in these pandemic conditions, have been unable to do their health service practices. This situation of exposure to isolation could affect the mental health of young university students. Objective: To determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students, their relationship with sociodemographic variables, and the characteristics of social isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 818 university students from health sciences faculties using the DASS-21 self-administered questionnaire. Results: The main findings were a higher prevalence of high levels (severe and highly severe) in anxiety, reaching almost 4 out of 10 of those evaluated; On the other hand, in depression and stress, 2 out of 10 of those evaluated were found at the mentioned levels. Concerning the sociodemographic variables, those related to COVID-19 and social isolation, statistically significant differences were found with gender (women > men), having had COVID-19 (Yes > No), and living with relatives as before. On average, the pandemic (Yes > No) obtained higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: The students who presented greater depression, anxiety, and stress with a significant difference were female, with a history of having had Covid-19, less contact with family members, and having complied with total social isolation

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este trabajo tiene como propósito determinar, mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura, la relación entre el virus del herpes simple (VHS) y la periodontitis estadio IV, con el fin de orientar la terapéutica para el tratamiento de esta entidad. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct y SciELO, empleando la lista de comprobación PRISMA. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis sobre diseños de estudios experimentales, estudios de biología molecular y estudios in vivo humanos acerca de la relación del herpes virus simple tipo 1 y la periodontitis estadio IV, publicados entre el 2017 y 2022, en español e inglés, en una búsqueda que se realizó entre el 8 y 22 de abril de 2022. Tres artículos resultaron elegibles, aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, de un total inicial de 1.797. Resultados: Las revisiones examinadas comprueban una relación más convincente del virus del herpes humano, aumentada por su presencia y asociación con la enfermedad periodontal en estadios avanzados, como la periodontitis estadio IV, en comparación con pacientes sanos y con gingivitis. Conclusiones: El manejo farmacológico coadyuvante de la terapia periodontal en pacientes con periodontitis estadio IV, acompañado de terapia antibiótica y antiviral, puede reducir o erradicar el herpes simple en sitios con enfermedad periodontal.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine, through a systematic review of the literature, the relationship between the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and stage IV periodontitis to guide therapeutics for the treatment of this entity. Methodology: The method was a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct and SciELO databases, using the PRISMA checklist. Systematic review documentation and meta-analysis about experimental study designs, molecular biology studies, and in vivo studies on the relationship between herpes simplex virus type 1 and stage IV periodontitis, published between 2017 and 2022, in Spanish and English were obtained in a search conducted between April 8 and 22, 2022. Three articles were eligible after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of an initial total of 1.797. Results: The reviewed articles show a more consistent relationship of the human herpes virus, increased by its presence and association with advanced stage periodontal disease, such as stage IV periodontitis, compared to healthy patients and patients with gingivitis. Conclusion: Pharmacological management as adjuvant of periodontal therapy in patients with stage IV periodontitis, accompanied by antibiotic and antiviral therapy, can reduce or eliminate herpes simplex in sites with periodontal disease.

Abstract: The present study aims to know the flow patterns in two nanorefrigerants R600a / CuO and R410A / CuO throughout the forced boiling process in horizontal square pipes. Those are obtained using the thermophysical properties of the refrigerants R600a and R410A in state liquid and vapor, as well as the properties of the CuO nanoparticles. The analysis was carried out using two methods: analytical and numerical. The analytical method was established by formulas and correlations through scientific articles and books to find an improvement in the two-phase heat transfer, under the conditions at an inlet temperature of 8 ° C and with a quality range of 0 to 1. This allowed to verify that by adding nanoparticles to the refrigerant, the transition between the flow regimes increases progressively, while the quality of the vapor decreases. For the numerical method, the different transition limits are specified in a simulation process in the Ansys Fluent CFD Software, under established design conditions, which consequently increases the general efficiency of any refrigeration system.

Resumen: El presente estudio tiene como propósito identificar los patrones de flujo en los nanorefrigerantes R600a/CuO y R410a/CuO durante el proceso de ebullición forzada en tuberías cuadradas horizontales. Dichos patrones se obtienen empleando las propiedades termofísicas de los refrigerantes R600a y R410A en estado líquido y de vapor, así como, también las propiedades de las nanopartículas de CuO. El análisis se lo realizó mediante dos métodos: analítico y numérico. El método analítico se estableció mediante fórmulas y correlaciones a través de artículos científicos y libros para encontrar una mejora en la transferencia de calor de dos fases. El trabajo se llevo a cabo bajo las condiciones a una temperatura de entrada de 8 °C y con un rango de calidad de 0 a 1, comprobando que al añadir nanopartículas al refrigerante la transición entre los regímenes de flujo aumenta de manera progresiva, mientras que, la calidad de vapor reduce. Para el método numérico se procedió a especificar los diferentes límites de transición en un proceso de simulación en el Software CFD Ansys Fluent, bajo condiciones establecidas de diseño, lo que en consecuencia aumenta la eficiencia general de cualquier sistema de refrigeración.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, there is a tendency to decentralize productions with the creation of livestock modules where different livestock species coexist, such as swine, cattle and poultry. In this context, anaerobic digestion (AD) is an alternative for the decarbonization of the agricultural sector, since it generates energy during waste treatment. Objective: To evaluate the AD of swine manure (SM) and poultry manure (PM) with cattle manure (CM) in terms of biochemical methane potential (BMP), and kinetic parameters in mono and co-digestion. Materials and Methods: The trial was conducted in 2 L reactors at 27 °C (average). The BMP of SM, PM and CM was determined in mono-digestion, and then with addition of 15, 30 and 45 % of CM, to the PM40:SM60 mixture. To describe the kinetic behavior of the process, experimental data were fitted to three first and second order models. Results and Discussion: The experimental BMP with CM addition was higher than expected, with increase between 26-31 %, demonstrating the synergy of the mixtures; since the C/N ratio and the methanogenic archaeal community were improved. The models were adjusted to the experimental data with adjusted coefficients of determination higher than 90 %. Conclusions: The addition of CM increased the experimental methane yield over the expected one. The Hill model shows a maximum yield of 369 LCH4/kgVS for mixtures with 15 and 30 % CM. The best variant was with 15 %, and it is necessary to transport manure from 20 cows to the biodigester.

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, existe tendencia a descentralizar producciones con la creación de módulos pecuarios donde coexisten diferentes especies de ganado, como porcino, vacuno y avícola. En este contexto, la digestión anaerobia (DA) resulta una alternativa para la descarbonización del sector agropecuario, ya que genera energía durante el tratamiento de residuales. Objetivo: Evaluar la DA de estiércol porcino (EP) y gallinaza (EG) con estiércol vacuno (EV) en términos del potencial bioquímico de metano (PBM), y parámetros cinéticos en mono y codigestión. Materiales y Métodos: El ensayo se realizó en reactores de 2 L a 27 ºC (promedio). Se determinó el PBM del EP, EG y EV en monodigestión, y luego con adición de 15, 30 y 45 % de EV, a la mezcla EG40:EP60. Para describir el comportamiento cinético del proceso, se ajustaron los datos experimentales a tres modelos de primero y segundo orden. Resultados y Discusión: El PBM experimental con adición de EV fue superior al esperado, con incremento entre 26-31 %, demostrando la sinergia de las mezclas; ya que se mejoró la relación C/N y la comunidad de arqueas metanogénicas. Los modelos se ajustaron a los datos experimentales con coeficientes de determinación ajustado superiores al 90 %. Conclusiones: La adición de EV aumentó el rendimiento de metano experimental respecto al esperado. El modelo de Hill muestra un rendimiento máximo de 369 LCH4/kgSV para las mezclas con 15 y 30 % de EV. La mejor variante fue con 15 %, y se necesita transportar estiércol de 20 vacas al biodigestor.

Abstract This case report describes the exercise program on a hospitalized 54-year-old male patient with cardiogenic shock waiting for a heart transplant assisted by an intra-aortic balloon pump, a temporary mechanical circulatory support device. The temporary mechanical circulatory support device, an intra-aortic balloon pump, was placed in the left subclavian artery, enabling the exercise protocol. Measurements and values from Swan-Ganz catheter, blood sample, brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as well as the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) were obtained before and after an exercise protocol. The exercise training protocol involved the use of an unloaded bed cycle ergometer once a day, for a maximum of 30 minutes, to the tolerance limit. No adverse events or events related to the dislocation of the intra-aortic balloon pump were observed during the exercise protocol. The exercise program resulted in higher SvO2 levels, with an increased 6MWT with lower Borg dyspnea scores (312 meters vs. 488 meters and five points vs. three points, respectively). After completing the ten-day exercise protocol, the patient underwent a non-complicated heart transplant surgery and a full recovery in the ICU. This study showed that exercise is a feasible option for patients with cardiogenic shock who are using an intra-aortic balloon pump and that it is well-tolerated with no reported adverse events. 54yearold yearold 54 year old intraaortic intra aortic device artery SwanGanz Swan Ganz catheter sample NTproBNP, NTproBNP NT proBNP , (NT-proBNP) highsensitivity high sensitivity Creactive C reactive hsCRP, hsCRP hs CRP (hs-CRP) sixminute six minute MWT (6MWT SvO (SvO2 day 3 minutes limit levels 312 (31 vs 48 respectively. respectively . respectively) tenday ten noncomplicated non complicated ICU welltolerated tolerated 5 (NT-proBNP (hs-CRP (SvO 31 (3 4 (

Resumo O presente relato de caso descreve o programa de exercícios aplicado a um paciente do sexo masculino, de 54 anos, internado com choque cardiogênico, aguardando transplante cardíaco e assistido por balão intra-aórtico, um dispositivo de suporte circulatório mecânico temporário. O dispositivo de suporte circulatório mecânico temporário, um balão intra-aórtico, foi colocado na artéria subclávia esquerda, possibilitando o protocolo de exercícios. Antes e após um protocolo de exercícios, foram obtidos dados a partir de cateter de Swan-Ganz, amostra de sangue, peptídeo natriurético cerebral (NT-proBNP), proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as), teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6min) e medição da saturação venosa de oxigênio (SvO2). O protocolo de treinamento físico envolveu a utilização de um cicloergômetro adaptado ao leito, sem carga, uma vez ao dia, por no máximo 30 minutos, até o limite da tolerância. Não foram observados eventos adversos tampouco relacionados ao deslocamento do balão intra-aórtico durante o protocolo de exercícios. O programa de exercícios resultou em maior SvO2 com aumento do TC6min e menores escores de dispneia de Borg (312 metros vs. 488 metros e cinco pontos vs. três pontos, respectivamente). Após completar o protocolo de exercícios de dez dias, o paciente foi submetido a uma cirurgia de transplante cardíaco sem complicações e recuperação total na UTI. O presente estudo demonstrou que o exercício é uma opção viável para pacientes com choque cardiogênico em uso de balão intra-aórtico e que é bem tolerado, além de não haver relatos de eventos adversos. masculino 5 anos intraaórtico, intraaórtico intra aórtico, aórtico temporário esquerda SwanGanz, SwanGanz Swan Ganz, Ganz Swan-Ganz sangue NTproBNP, NTproBNP NT proBNP , (NT-proBNP) PCRas, PCRas PCR as (PCR-as) TCmin TC min (TC6min SvO2. SvO . (SvO2) leito carga dia 3 tolerância 312 (31 vs 48 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) dias UTI tolerado (NT-proBNP (PCR-as (SvO2 31 (3 4 (SvO (

Abstract The contemporary sexual landscape witnesses a discernible shift towards the pursuit of individualized pleasure within sexuality, diverging from conventional notions of stable relationships. This transformation is notably propelled by societal shifts, including increased moral permissiveness and widespread adoption of digital technologies, notably dating applications and websites. In this milieu, the current study aims to investigate the influence of reggaetón on the sexual attitudes and behaviors of Generation Z individuals, particularly regarding their perceptions of romantic relationships, gender roles, and sexuality. Through a comprehensive literature review, this inquiry illuminates the profound impact of music, specifically reggaetón, on the construction of sexual identity and attitudes towards sexuality among young adults. The findings underscore the significant role played by reggaetón in shaping the perceptions of youth concerning relationships and sexuality, primarily through its lyrical content, which frequently glorifies the objectification of women and promotes toxic masculinity. Furthermore, the visual elements accompanying reggaetón further reinforce these messages, thereby influencing the way in which young individuals conceptualize and engage in interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the pressing need for artists and the music industry at large to acknowledge and embrace their ethical responsibility in promoting representations of sexuality.

Resumen La revolución sexual moderna caracterizada por la búsqueda del placer personal, desligada de las relaciones estables tradicionales ha sido impulsada por factores como la permisividad moral y la proliferación de tecnologías digitales, incluyendo aplicaciones y sitios web de citas. En ese contexto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto del reguetón en la sexualidad de los jóvenes de la Generación Z. Para tal fin, se realizó una revisión de la literatura académica sobre la influencia de este género musical en la formación de la identidad sexual y las actitudes hacia la sexualidad. Los hallazgos muestran que, el reguetón, a través de sus letras promueven la cosificación de la mujer y la masculinidad tóxica, junto con sus componentes audiovisuales, lo que repercute el modo en que los jóvenes conciben las relaciones y la sexualidad, lo cual puede perpetuar estereotipos de género perjudiciales y tener un impacto negativo en las relaciones interpersonales. Como conclusión se destaca la necesidad de que los artistas y la industria musical consideren su responsabilidad ética en la promoción de representaciones saludables y respetuosas de la sexualidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the changing landscape of medical education, it is crucial to critically examine existing approaches and frameworks. competency-based medical education (CBME) emerges as a promising paradigm shift, which prioritizes learner-centered, outcome-oriented development of skills, knowledge, and attitudes. Objective: To identify the essential structural and procedural adjustments needed for effective implementation of CBME. It underscores the importance of reorganizing educational institutions, adapting instructional and assessment techniques, and fostering acceptance of CBME in the classroom. Results: To effectively deliver CBME, it is imperative to restructure educational institutions to focus on competency-based curricula and personalized instruction. Also, there is a need to modify teaching and assessment strategies to facilitate continuous assessment and active learning. Conclusions: Adopting CBME principles can enable medical education to produce professionals equipped with the skills necessary to meet the dynamic demands of modern medicine.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el panorama cambiante de la educación médica, es crucial examinar críticamente los enfoques y marcos existentes. La educación médica basada en competencias (EMBC) surge como un prometedor cambio de paradigma, que prioriza el desarrollo de habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes explícitas centrado en el alumno y orientado a los resultados. Objetivo: Identificar los ajustes estructurales y procedimentales esenciales necesarios para una implementación eficaz de la EMBC. Se subraya la importancia de reorganizar las instituciones educativas, adaptar las técnicas de instrucción y evaluación y fomentar la adopción de la EMBC en el aula. Resultados: Para impartir con eficacia la EMBC, es imperativo reestructurar las instituciones educativas para que se centren en planes de estudios basados en competencias y en la enseñanza personalizada. Asimismo, es necesario modificar las estrategias de enseñanza y evaluación para facilitar la evaluación continua y el aprendizaje activo. Conclusiones: Adoptar los principios de EMBC puede permitir que la educación médica produzca profesionales equipados con las habilidades necesarias para satisfacer las demandas dinámicas de la medicina moderna.

Abstract Oestrus ovis larvae are obligate parasites of vertebrates and cause cavitary myiasis (oestrosis) in sheep and goats. It is also reported as a zoonosis causing ophthalmomyiasis and nasopharyngeal myiasis. Despite being relatively common in Brazil, epidemiological studies on O. ovis are scarce. Considering that the infestation is influenced by the climate and biomes of the studied region, we aimed to investigate the seasonal prevalence of O. ovis among slaughtered sheep in the northern region of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The heads of sheep (n=697) slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in the municipality of Terra Nova do Norte (November 2011 to November 2013) were collected to count, catalog, and identify the larvae found in the upper respiratory tract. Overall, 45.77% (319/697) of the animals were infested with 2,412 recovered larvae, 96.89% (2,337/2,412) of which were identified at the species level as O. ovis. Seasonal variations in prevalence ranged from 41% (spring) to 56% (summer); however, no correlation was observed between prevalence and season, mean humidity, or temperature. In conclusion, parasitism by O. ovis in sheep in the studied area, occurs year-round, considering the occurrence of larvae (L1, L2, and L3) throughout the year, probably because of the area's environmental conditions. oestrosis (oestrosis goats Brazil O scarce Grosso n=697 n697 n 697 (n=697 201 2013 count catalog tract Overall 4577 45 77 45.77 319/697 319697 319 (319/697 2412 2 412 2,41 9689 96 89 96.89 2,337/2,412 23372412 337 (2,337/2,412 41 spring (spring 56 summer (summer) however season humidity temperature conclusion area yearround, yearround year round, round year-round L1, L1 L (L1 L2 L3 areas s conditions n=69 n69 69 (n=69 20 457 4 7 45.7 319/69 31969 31 (319/69 241 2,4 968 9 8 96.8 2,337/2,41 2337241 33 (2,337/2,41 5 (summer (L n=6 n6 6 (n=6 45. 319/6 3196 3 (319/6 24 2, 96. 2,337/2,4 233724 (2,337/2,4 n= (n= 319/ (319/ 2,337/2, 23372 (2,337/2, (n (319 2,337/2 2337 (2,337/2 (31 2,337/ 233 (2,337/ (3 2,337 23 (2,337 ( 2,33 (2,33 2,3 (2,3 (2, (2

Resumo As larvas de Oestrus ovis são parasitas obrigatórios de vertebrados e causam miíase cavitária (estrose) em ovinos e caprinos. Também é relatada como uma zoonose que causa oftalmomíase e miíase nasofaríngea. Apesar de relativamente comum no Brasil, os estudos epidemiológicos sobre O. ovis são escassos. Considerando que a infestação é influenciada pelo clima e biomas da região estudada, objetivou-se investigar a prevalência sazonal de O. ovis entre ovinos abatidos na região norte do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram coletadas cabeças de ovinos (n=697) abatidos em frigorífico do município de Terra Nova do Norte (novembro de 2011 a novembro de 2013) para contagem, catalogação e identificação das larvas encontradas no trato respiratório superior. No geral, 45,77% (319/697) dos animais estavam infestados com 2.412 larvas recuperadas, das quais 96,89% (2.337/2.412) foram identificadas em nível de espécie como O. ovis. As variações sazonais na prevalência variaram de 41% (primavera) a 56% (verão); no entanto, não foi observada correlação entre prevalência e estação do ano, umidade média ou temperatura. Conclui-se que o parasitismo por O. ovis em ovinos na área estudada ocorre durante todo o ano, considerando a ocorrência de larvas (L1, L2 e L3) ao longo do ano, provavelmente devido às condições ambientais da área. estrose (estrose caprinos nasofaríngea Brasil O escassos objetivouse objetivou se Grosso n=697 n697 n 697 (n=697 201 2013 contagem superior geral 4577 45 77 45,77 319/697 319697 319 (319/697 2412 2 412 2.41 recuperadas 9689 96 89 96,89 2.337/2.412 23372412 337 (2.337/2.412 41 primavera (primavera 56 verão (verão) entanto ano temperatura Concluise Conclui L1, L1 L (L1 L3 n=69 n69 69 (n=69 20 457 4 7 45,7 319/69 31969 31 (319/69 241 2.4 968 9 8 96,8 2.337/2.41 2337241 33 (2.337/2.41 5 (verão (L n=6 n6 6 (n=6 45, 319/6 3196 3 (319/6 24 2. 96, 2.337/2.4 233724 (2.337/2.4 n= (n= 319/ (319/ 2.337/2. 23372 (2.337/2. (n (319 2.337/2 2337 (2.337/2 (31 2.337/ 233 (2.337/ (3 2.337 23 (2.337 ( 2.33 (2.33 2.3 (2.3 (2. (2

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Predicting short- and long-term outcomes of oncological therapies is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Malnutrition and the host immune status significantly affect outcomes in major surgeries. AIMS: To assess the value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in predicting outcomes in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2009 and 2020. PNI was calculated as follows: PNI=(10 x albumin [g/dL])+(0.005 x lymphocytes [nº/mm3]). The optimal cutoff value was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve (PNI cutoff=52), and patients were grouped into low and high PNI. RESULTS: Of the 529 patients included, 315 (59.5%) were classified as a low-PNI group (PNI<52) and 214 (40.5%) as a high-PNI group (PNI≥52). Older age (p=0.050), male sex (p=0.003), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) III/IV (p=0.001), lower hemoglobin level (p<0.001), lower body mass index (p=0.001), higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001), D1 lymphadenectomy, advanced pT stage, pN+ and more advanced pTNM stage were related to low-PNI patient. Furthermore, 30-day (1.4 vs. 4.8%; p=0.036) and 90-day (3.3 vs. 10.5%; p=0.002) mortality rates were higher in low-PNI compared to high-PNI group. Disease-free and overall survival were worse in low-PNI patients compared to high-PNI (p<0.001 for both). ASA III/IV score, low-PNI, pT3/T4, and pN+ were independent risk factors for worse survival. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative PNI can predict short- and long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy. Low PNI is an independent factor related to worse disease-free and overall survival. BACKGROUND short longterm long term strategies surgeries AIMS METHODS curativeintent intent 200 2020 follows PNI=10 PNI10 PNI= 10 PNI=(1 g/dL+0.005 gdL0005 gdL g/dL + 0.005 g dL 0 005 [g/dL])+(0.00 nº/mm3. nºmm3 nºmm nº/mm3 . nº mm3 mm [nº/mm3]) cutoff=52, cutoff52 cutoff=52 , 52 cutoff=52) RESULTS included 31 59.5% 595 59 5 (59.5% lowPNI PNI<52 PNI52 (PNI<52 21 40.5% 405 40 (40.5% highPNI PNI≥52. PNI≥52 (PNI≥52) p=0.050, p0050 p p=0.050 050 (p=0.050) p=0.003, p0003 p=0.003 003 (p=0.003) (ASA IIIIV III IV p=0.001, p0001 p=0.001 001 (p=0.001) p<0.001, p<0.001 (p<0.001) neutrophillymphocyte neutrophil lymphocyte D lymphadenectomy pN patient Furthermore 30day day 30 1.4 14 1 4 (1. vs 4.8% 48 8 p=0.036 p0036 036 90day 90 3.3 33 3 (3. 10.5% 105 p=0.002 p0002 002 Diseasefree Disease free (p<0.00 both. both both) lowPNI, PNI, pT3T4 pTT pT3 T4 T pT3/T4 CONCLUSIONS gastrectomy diseasefree disease 20 202 PNI=1 PNI1 PNI=( g/dL+0.00 gdL000 0005 0.00 00 [g/dL])+(0.0 nº/mm [nº/mm3] cutoff5 cutoff=5 59.5 (59.5 PNI<5 PNI5 (PNI<5 2 40.5 (40.5 PNI≥5 (PNI≥52 p005 p=0.05 05 (p=0.050 p000 p=0.00 (p=0.003 (p=0.001 p<0.00 1. (1 4.8 p=0.03 p003 03 9 3. (3 10.5 (p<0.0 pT3T pT3/T g/dL+0.0 gdL00 000 0.0 [g/dL])+(0. [nº/mm3 cutoff= 59. (59. PNI< (PNI< 40. (40. PNI≥ (PNI≥5 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.05 (p=0.00 p<0.0 ( 4. 10. (p<0. g/dL+0. gdL0 0. [g/dL])+(0 [nº/mm (59 (40 (PNI≥ p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0. (p<0 g/dL+0 [g/dL])+( (5 (4 p=0 (p=0. p<0 (p< g/dL+ [g/dL])+ p= (p=0 p< (p [g/dL]) (p= [g/dL] [g/dL

RESUMO RACIONAL: Estimar os desfechos de curto e longo prazo das terapias contra o câncer é crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de tratamento eficazes. A desnutrição e o estado imunológico do hospedeiro afetam significativamente os desfechos em cirurgias de grande porte. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o valor do índice nutricional prognóstico pré-operatório (INP) na predição de desfechos em pacientes com câncer gástrico. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma análise de coorte retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia com intenção curativa para adenocarcinoma gástrico entre 2009 e 2020. O INP foi calculado da seguinte forma: INP=(10 x albumina [g/dL])+(0.005 x linfócitos [nº/mm3]). O valor de corte ideal foi determinado pela curva característica de operação do receptor (ponto de corte do INP=52), e os pacientes foram agrupados em INP baixo ou alto. RESULTADOS: Dos 529 pacientes incluídos, 315 (59,5%) foram classificados como grupo de baixo INP (INP<52) e 214 (40,5%) como grupo de alto INP (INP>52). Idade mais avançada (p=0,050), sexo masculino (p=0,003), escore da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA) III/IV (p=0,001), menor nível de hemoglobina (p<0,001), menor índice de massa corpórea (p=0,001), maior relação neutrófilos-linfócitos (p<0,001), linfadenectomia D1, estágio pT avançado, pN+ e estágio pTNM mais avançado foram relacionados ao paciente com baixo INP. Além disso, as taxas de mortalidade em 30 dias (1,4 vs. 4,8%; p=0,036) e em 90 dias (3,3 vs. 10,5%; p=0,002) foram maiores no grupo com baixo PNI em comparação ao grupo com alto INP. A sobrevida livre de doença e a sobrevida global foram piores em pacientes com baixo INP em comparação com pacientes com alto INP (p<0,001 para ambos). Escore ASA III/IV, baixo INP, pT3/T4 e pN+ foram fatores de risco independentes para pior sobrevida. CONCLUSÕES: O INP pré-operatório pode predizer desfechos de curto e longo prazo de pacientes com câncer gástrico após gastrectomia curativa. Baixo INP é um fator independente relacionado a piores sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. RACIONAL eficazes porte OBJETIVOS préoperatório pré operatório (INP MÉTODOS 200 2020 forma INP=10 INP10 INP= 10 INP=(1 g/dL+0.005 gdL0005 gdL g/dL + 0.005 g dL 0 005 [g/dL])+(0.00 nº/mm3. nºmm3 nºmm nº/mm3 . nº mm3 mm [nº/mm3]) ponto INP=52, INP52 INP=52 , 52 INP=52) RESULTADOS incluídos 31 59,5% 595 59 5 (59,5% INP<52 (INP<52 21 40,5% 405 40 (40,5% INP>52. INP>52 (INP>52) p=0,050, p0050 p p=0,050 050 (p=0,050) p=0,003, p0003 p=0,003 003 (p=0,003) (ASA IIIIV III IV p=0,001, p0001 p=0,001 001 (p=0,001) p<0,001, p<0,001 (p<0,001) neutrófiloslinfócitos neutrófilos D1 D pN disso 3 1,4 14 1 4 (1, vs 4,8% 48 8 p=0,036 p0036 036 9 3,3 33 (3, 10,5% 105 p=0,002 p0002 002 (p<0,00 ambos. ambos ambos) pT3T4 pTT pT3 T4 T pT3/T CONCLUSÕES 20 202 INP=1 INP1 INP=( g/dL+0.00 gdL000 0005 0.00 00 [g/dL])+(0.0 nº/mm [nº/mm3] INP5 INP=5 59,5 (59,5 INP<5 (INP<5 2 40,5 (40,5 INP>5 (INP>52 p005 p=0,05 05 (p=0,050 p000 p=0,00 (p=0,003 (p=0,001 p<0,00 1, (1 4,8 p=0,03 p003 03 3, (3 10,5 (p<0,0 pT3T g/dL+0.0 gdL00 000 0.0 [g/dL])+(0. [nº/mm3 59, (59, INP< (INP< 40, (40, INP> (INP>5 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,05 (p=0,00 p<0,0 ( 4, 10, (p<0, g/dL+0. gdL0 0. [g/dL])+(0 [nº/mm (59 (40 (INP> p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p<0, (p<0 g/dL+0 [g/dL])+( (5 (4 p=0 (p=0, p<0 (p< g/dL+ [g/dL])+ p= (p=0 p< (p [g/dL]) (p= [g/dL] [g/dL

Abstract The Cerrado biome has tremendous social, heritage, and income-generating importance for traditional communities from this Brazilian region. Although the exotic fruits of Brazilian Cerrado are a subsistence source for communities that cultivate them and contribute to regional tourism promotion, they are not systematically studied. This study explores the potential of the biodiversity of exotic fruits from the Brazilian Cerrado biome as a promoter of food tourism. Exploring tourism and local production chains can enhance the development of Cerrado. Articulating this ‘new’ type of interaction between national public policies, local productive arrangements (LPA), traditional communities, and tourist activity actors can also help promote the exotic fruits from Cerrado. Thus, this is the first time the tourism experience emphasizing fruits has been explored as a promising alternative to regional development. social heritage incomegenerating income generating region promotion studied ‘new new policies LPA, LPA , (LPA) Thus (LPA

Abstract Reproductive control is one of the biggest challenges in tilapia production and triploidy was developed as an alternative to sterilization. In general, polyploids present chromosomal instability but for triploid Nile tilapia it has yet to be reported. This study evaluated the chromosomal instability from juveniles to adulthood, growth performance and gonadal status of tilapia hatched from eggs submitted or not to heat shock for triploid induction. Nile tilapia oocytes were fertilized (1,476 oocytes), half of the eggs were subjected to a four-minute shock in 41 °C water four minutes after fertilization and the other half were not (Control group). The eggs were incubated (at 27°C) and 160 larvae from the treated group hatched and survived after yolk sac absorption. The determination of ploidy was performed by flow cytometry at 85th (juveniles) and 301st (adults) days of age post yolk sac absorption. At the time of the first cytometry analysis there were 73 surviving juveniles from the treated group, and only 14 were confirmed triploid. However, at the analysis of adult ploidy, one out of 8 surviving adult tilapias from the 14 confirmed triploid juveniles remained triploid. Gonadal histology showed that the non-remaining triploids continued to produce gametes. The growth performance of triploid tilapia was initially superior to that of diploid tilapia during the juvenile phase, but similar in adults. Once the chromosome sets are lost and the tilapias become diploid again, at least in tissues with a high proliferation rate, such as the hematopoietic tissue that was analyzed (and possibly in gonads), all possible advantages of triploids are probably lost. Thus, our results suggest that, due to genomic instabilities, the triploid generation of tilapia has low efficiency. sterilization general reported adulthood induction 1,476 1476 1 476 (1,47 oocytes, , oocytes) fourminute minute 4 C Control group. . group) 27°C 27C 27 16 absorption th (juveniles st adults (adults 7 However nonremaining non remaining gametes phase again rate gonads, gonads gonads) Thus instabilities efficiency 1,47 147 47 (1,4 2 1,4 (1, 1, (1 (

ABSTRACT The use of tank mixtures has long been a practice in the phytosanitary management of agricultural crops. However, when different molecules are mixed in a tank, interactions may occur that reduce the efficiency of the products and cause a loss of selectivity in the crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate selectivity in maize, with a tank mixture of different phytosanitary products recommended for use with the crop. The following products were used: herbicides - Sanson®, Soberan®, Callisto®, Zapp Pro®; fungicides - Priori Xtra®, Nativo®, Tebufort®, Aproach Prima®; insecticides - Connect®, Lorsban® 480 BR, Karate Zeon®; and nutrition - Kellus Manganese®, Kellus Blindex®. The experimental units consisted of 5-litre pots, containing two plants per pot, with the products applied at phenological stage V6. Assessments were made of phytotoxicity, transient chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll content and shoot dry weight. The data obtained in the experiment were submitted to ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05), and when significant, to the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). The maize crop suffered phytotoxicity of up to 30%, with the plants recovering from 28 DAA. The phytotoxicity was caused by mixing the different products in the spraying solution, mainly due to the synergism caused by the mixture of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and the fertiliser Kellus Manganese®, which aggravated the incompatibility of some treatments. The results of this study defined which phytosanitary products recommended for use with maize should not be mixed in the same spraying solution due to the possibility of damaging the crop. crops However used Sanson Sanson® Soberan Soberan® Callisto Callisto® Pro® Pro Xtra Xtra® Nativo Nativo® Tebufort Tebufort® Prima® Prima Connect Connect® Lorsban 48 BR Zeon® Zeon Manganese Manganese® Blindex Blindex® 5litre litre 5 pots pot V6 V fluorescence weight p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0 05 0.05) significant ScottKnott Scott Knott 0.05. . 30 30% 2 DAA treatments 4 00 0.0 3 0.