Abstract Knowledge of the genetic variability of a population is essential to guide its preservation and maintenance in addition to increasing the efficiency of genetic breeding programs. On this basis, this study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of Coffea canephora genotypes using multivariate statistical procedures applied to a set of morpho-agronomic variables. The materials employed in this study constitute a crop located in Vila Valério - ES, Brazil, where the genotypes are arranged in a randomized-blocks experimental design with four replicates. Significant differences were detected by the F test at the 1% or 5% probability levels among the genotypes for all evaluated traits, demonstrating heterogeneity of genetic constitution in the studied population, which is favorable to breeding, as it indicates the possibility to identify superior and divergent individuals. Based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance, the most divergent combinations were obtained between genotypes 23 and 10 (256.43) and 23 and 17 (250.09). The clusters formed by Tocher’s optimization and the UPGMA hierarchical method agreed, both similarly grouping the genotypes into three clusters. Of the analyzed traits, mature fruit weight (19.08%), yield (15.50%), plant diameter (12.42%), and orthotropic-shoot internode length (10.94%) were the most efficient to explain the dissimilarity among the genotypes.

Em solos tropicais altamente intemperizados, não fertilizados, a disponibilidade de P para as plantas é dependente da mineralização de compostos orgânicos com P (Po). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a mineralização de Po total e de lábil em classes de agregados (> 2,0, 2,0-0,25 e < 0,25 mm) de solos sob leguminosas florestais, pastagem e capoeira de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo na profundidade de 0-10 cm, após incubação por 90 d. A cobertura vegetal, o tempo de incubação e as classes de agregados do solo tiveram efeito significativo sobre os teores das frações de P total e P lábil (Pi e Po). Houve reduções médias de Po total nos macroagregados do solo: 25 e 15 % nas frações > 2,0 mm e 2,0-0,25 mm, respectivamente. Ao contrário nos microagregados (< 0,25 mm), ocorreu aumento médio de 90 %. Para o Po lábil, houve acentuada redução com o tempo de incubação nas frações > 2,0 mm (-50 %) e < 0,25 mm (-76 %), mas aumento de 35 % na fração 2,0-0,25 mm. Nas classes de agregados dos solos, a proporção da fração Po em relação ao P total e P lábil total extraídos variou com a cobertura vegetal e o tempo de incubação. Desse modo, a distribuição das frações de P (Pi e Po) nas classes de agregados dos solos revelou distinta capacidade das coberturas vegetais em reciclar o P do solo. Em consequência, o potencial de mineralização de Po no solo variou com a classe de agregados e a cobertura vegetal. Como o Po predominou na composição do P lábil total, a disponibilidade de P para as plantas estaria estreitamente relacionada à mineralização dessa fração de P.

In unfertilized, highly weathered tropical soils, phosphorus (P) availability to plants is dependent on the mineralization of organic P (Po) compounds. The objective of this study was to estimate the mineralization of total and labile Po in soil size fractions of > 2.0, 2.0-0.25 and < 0.25 mm under leguminous forest tree species, pasture and "capoeira" (secondary forest) in the 0-10 cm layer of a Red-Yellow Latosol after 90 d of incubation. The type of vegetation cover, soil incubation time and soil size fractions had a significant effect on total P and labile P (Pi and Po) fraction contents. The total average Po content decreased in soil macroaggregates by 25 and 15 % in the > 2.0 and 2.0-0.25 mm fractions, respectively. In contrast, there was an average increase of 90 % of total Po in microaggregates of < 0.25 mm. Labile Po was significantly reduced by incubation in the > 2.0 (-50 %) and < 0.25 mm (-76 %) fractions, but labile Po increased by 35 % in the 2.0-0.25 mm fraction. The Po fraction relative to total extracted P and total labile P within the soil size fractions varied with the vegetation cover and incubation time. Therefore, the distribution of P fractions (Pi and Po) in the soil size fraction revealed the distinctive ability of the cover species to recycle soil P. Consequently, the potential of Po mineralization varied with the size fraction and vegetation cover. Because Po accounted for most of the total labile P, the P availability to plants was closely related to the mineralization of this P fraction.

Salmonella enterica is frequently associated with outbreaks of human salmonellosis, and products of avian origin, such as eggs and chicken meat, are the main vehicles of its transmission. The present study describes the occurrence of different serovars of Salmonella enterica and phagotypes of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in eggs destined for human consumption. Four thousand eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms and one thousand discarded hatching eggs from broiler farms, which were acquired at farmers' markets and informal shops, were analyzed. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 52.0% of the discarded hatching eggs, in which the predominant serovar was Enteritidis (84.6%), and the predominant Salmonella Enteritidis phagotype (PT) was PT7 (26.9%). Salmonella spp. was not isolated from eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms. The antimicrobial resistance profile showed that 23.1% (n = 6) of the SE strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. The results suggest that the consumption of discarded hatching eggs represents an important source of Salmonella transmission to humans.

INTRODUÇÃO: Há múltiplos modelos experimentais em animais, entretanto o modelo suíno é o que apresenta características anatômicas e funcionais mais próximas às humanas. Assim sendo, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de desenvolver e implementar um protocolo experimental de indução de hiperproliferação neointimal em suínos, visando à criação de técnicas de lesão vascular simulando a reestenose. MÉTODO: De agosto de 2006 a março de 2009, 69 suínos jovens da raça Large White foram submetidos a cinecoronariografia seguida de lesão vascular com implante de 102 stents sobredimensionados, guiados por ultrassom intracoronário. Em 28 dias foi realizado reestudo com nova cinecoronariografia e ultrassom intracoronário. RESULTADOS: O diâmetro luminal mínimo e a área luminal mínima imediatamente após o implante de stent no grupo stent sobredimensionado foram maiores em comparação ao grupo controle (3,5 ± 0,3 mm vs. 3 ± 0,2 mm, P < 0,0001 e 40,7 ± 0,3 mm² vs. 30,2 ± 0,2 mm², P < 0,0001). A taxa de reestenose binária no grupo submetido a implante de stent sobredimensionado foi de 92% (69/75 stents), enquanto no grupo controle foi de 12% (3/25 stents), com diferença estatisticamente significante (P < 0,0001). O volume de hiperplasia neointimal foi maior no grupo submetido a implante de stent sobredimensionado, em comparação ao grupo controle (5,9 ± 0,8 mm³/mm de stent vs. 1,8 ± 0,7 mm³/mm de stent; P < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: O modelo experimental proposto de indução de proliferação neointimal em suínos é eficaz na indução de hiperplasia intrastent, portanto pode ser utilizado tanto para o estudo dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da reestenose intrastent quanto para aplicações terapêuticas, como testes de novos fármacos, novos dispositivos e novos stents farmacológicos para prevenção e tratamento da reestenose intrastent.

BACKGROUND: There are several experimental animal models, but, the swine model is the most similar to human anatomic and physiologic characteristics. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop and implement an experimental protocol of vascular neointimal hyperplasia induction in swine, aiming at creating vascular injury techniques simulating restenosis. METHOD: From August 2006 to March 2009, 69 young Large White swine underwent coronary angiography followed by vascular injury and implantation of 102 oversized stents guided by intravascular ultrasound. After 28 days a new coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound was performed. RESULTS: The minimal luminal diameter and the minimal luminal area immediately after the stent deployment in the group treated with an oversized stent were significantly higher when compared to the control group (3.5 ± 0.3 mm vs. 3 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.0001 and 40.7 ± 0.3 mm² vs. 30.2 ± 0.2 mm², P < 0.0001). The binary restenosis rate in the group treated with an oversized stent was 92% (69/75 stents), whereas it was 12% (3/25 stents) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). The neointimal hyperplasia volume was significantly higher in the group treated with an oversized stent in comparison to the control group (5.9 ± 0.8 mm³/stent mm vs. 1.8 ± 0.7 mm³/stent mm, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The proposed experimental model of neointimal proliferation induction in swine is effective in inducing instent hyperplasia, and therefore it may be used for the study of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of in-stent restenosis as well as for therapeutic purposes, such as the evaluations of new drugs, new devices and new drug-eluting stents for the prevention and treatment of in-stent restenosis.

O padrão de agrupamento espacial de três espécies arbóreas, Caryocar brasiliense, Pterodon pubescens e Sclerolobium paniculatum, e duas espécies de palmeiras, Syagrus comosa e S. flexuosa, nativas do cerrado, foi investigado usando três métodos de variância entre parcelas. Os dados foram coletados em uma área de cerrado sensu strictu da Fazenda Água Limpa da Universidade de Brasília, em Brasília, DF, em 128 parcelas contíguas de 5 x 8 m cada. Em cada parcela, foram procurados todos os indivíduos das espécies, anotando o número encontrado e suas alturas. Os dados foram tabelados e analisados usando as técnicas de variância entre blocos de parcelas (BQV), variância móvel entre blocos de parcelas (TTLQV) e variância entre parcelas pareadas (PQV), tanto para todos os indivíduos encontrados quanto para somente os indivíduos lenhosos maiores do que 130 cm em altura. O número total de indivíduos encontrado foi 138 para C. brasiliense, 34 para P. pubescens, 82 para S. paniculatum, oito para S. comosa e 36 para S. flexuosa. Todas as espécies apresentaram um padrão agrupado de distribuição espacial em pelo menos uma das metodologias e três das cinco espécies tiveram resultados semelhantes em todos os métodos. O padrão para C. brasiliense foi semelhante ao encontrado para esta mesma espécie em outra região do cerrado, utilizando a mesma metodologia, com uma distância de aproximadamente 350 m entre grupos.

The scale of spatial distribution of three native tree species, Caryocar brasiliense, Pterodon pubescens and Sclerolobium paniculatum, and two native palm species, Syagrus comosa and S. flexuosa, in the cerrado was determined using three quadrat variance methods. The data were collected in an area of cerrado, sensu stricto, on the Fazenda Água Limpa of the University of Brasília in 128 contiguous quadrats of 5 x 8 m each. In each quadrat, all individuals of each species were located and their height measured. The scale of spatial distribution of each species was evaluated with the following methods: blocked quadrat variance (BQV); two-term local quadrat variance (TTLQV) and paired quadrat variance (PQV), for both all individuals and all woody individuals over 130 cm in height. The total number of individuals was 138 for C. brasiliense, 34 for P. pubescens, 82 for S. paniculatum, eight for S. comosa and 36 for S. flexuosa. All species showed a group in at least one of the methods. The time spent in collection of data was comparable to that for other studies of spatial distribuition and three of the five species had similar results in all methods. The pattern for C. brasiliense was similar to that found in another study using the same methodology, with a distance of approximately 350 m between groups.