Resumen En Argentina se instaló hace varios años respecto a la formación en ingeniería, la necesidad de incorporar enfoques de enseñanza que atiendan al desarrollo de competencias. Y en ese contexto, se acuerda que el estudiante debe formarse de manera integral en aspectos relacionados con el saber, el saber hacer y el saber ser. En concordancia con ello se promueve una idea de enseñanza centrada en el estudiante, en la cual el rol del docente es el de facilitador de los aprendizajes. Esta nueva mirada de la formación en ingeniería ha generado en las instituciones formadoras la discusión acerca de qué contenidos enseñar, cómo enseñarlos, qué estrategias de enseñanza son adecuadas para que los estudiantes desarrollen competencias. Teniendo en cuenta estas discusiones y los cambios que se reclaman a la formación universitaria, se llevó adelante el trabajo de tesis cuyo resumen aquí se presenta. La investigación se focalizó en una asignatura de 4° año de la carrera de Ingeniería Electromecánica de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Se identificaron dos competencias que resultan centrales y sobre las que la asignatura procura hacer aportes significativos: la competencia para concebir, diseñar y desarrollar proyectos de ingeniería y la competencia para comunicarse con efectividad. A partir de ello se identificaron los respectivos contenidos procedimentales (modelización y comunicación escrita) asociados cada uno, al desarrollo de una de las competencias mencionadas. Se analizó la enseñanza atendiendo a identificar cómo las actividades que se proponen desarrollar en las clases, se constituyen en oportunidades de aprendizaje para los estudiantes. Dicho análisis se centró en la comunicación que establece el profesor con los estudiantes, y permitió indagar cómo se aborda la enseñanza de los contenidos procedimentales mencionados. Por una parte, se identificaron las principales prácticas de modelización que se potenciaron y las estrategias discursivas que podrían considerarse favorecedoras del aprendizaje de la modelización. Se analizó el uso de recursos extralingüísticos y de signos en el discurso docente, como facilitadores de la comprensión de los estudiantes. En cuanto a la enseñanza de la comunicación escrita se concluyó que se estarían potenciando aprendizajes sobre el género discursivo “redacción de informes” y sobre los aspectos formales de la escritura; sin tomar en cuenta el aporte al desarrollo de procesos cognitivos relacionados con el aprendizaje de la modelización. Por otra parte, se puso en evidencia la potencialidad de la metodología de investigación empleada para el estudio de situaciones educativas en contextos reales, como lo son los procesos de enseñanza en un aula universitaria. Y por último se destaca que este tipo de trabajo de investigación tiene un importante impacto en la formación de los docentes y de los investigadores involucrados. En particular, las conclusiones a que se arriba son insumos para la reflexión docente sobre las prácticas de enseñanza en la universidad.

Abstract Objective: To describe study protocol and initial results of research project COVID-Inconfidentes. Method: This paper described the methodological procedures adopted and the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. A household survey was conducted between October and December 2020, in two historic cities of Brazil's mining region. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was detected using the Wondfo® rapid test. The face-to face interview consisted of administration of a questionnaire containing registration data, sociodemographic and economic variables, living habits, general health condition, mental health, sleep habits, and eating and nutrition. Results: We evaluated 1,762 residents, of which 764 (43.4 %) were in Mariana and 998 (56.6 %) in Ouro Preto. For both cities, 51.9 % of the interviewees were female, with a predominance of the age range 35 to 59 years old (47.2 %). The prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.5 % in both cities, 6.2 % in Ouro Preto, and 4.7 % in Mariana (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The study was effective to estimate the seroprevalence of infection by the virus and its findings will enable further analyses of the health conditions of the population related to social isolation and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Resumen Describir el protocolo de estudio y los resultados iniciales del proyecto de investigación COVID Inconfidentes. Método: Este artículo describe los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados y la prevalencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en la población. Se realizó una encuesta domiciliaria entre octubre y diciembre de 2020, en dos ciudades históricas de la región minera de Brasil. El anticuerpo anti-SARS-CoV-2 se detectó mediante la prueba rápida Wondfo®. La entrevista cara a cara consistió en la administración de un cuestionario que contenía datos de registro, variables sociodemográficas y económicas, hábitos de vida, estado general de salud, salud mental, hábitos de sueño, alimentación y nutrición. Resultados: Se evaluaron 1.762 habitantes, de los cuales 764 (43,4 %) estaban en Mariana y 998 (56,6 %) en Ouro Preto. Para ambas ciudades, el 51,9 % de los entrevistados eran del sexo femenino, con predominio del rango de edad de 35 a 59 años (47,2 %). La prevalencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 fue del 5,5 % en ambos municipios, del 6,2 % en Ouro Preto y del 4,7 % en Mariana (p > 0,05). Conclusión: El estudio fue efectivo para estimar la seroprevalencia de infección por el virus y sus hallazgos permitirán analizar más las condiciones de salud de la población relacionadas con el aislamiento social y el riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of morning-evening preference in pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 2nd-3rd trimester GDM outpatient care in Fortaleza, Brazil (2018-2020). Eveningness was defined by the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (MEQ ≤ 41). Furthermore, we obtained a 7-day actigraphic register. Subjective sleep quality, daytime somnolence, insomnia, fatigue and depressive symptoms were also evaluated. Associations with pregnancy outcomes were investigated. Results: Among 305 patients with GDM, evening preference was found in 21 (6.9%). Patients with evening preference had worse sleep quality (p < 0.01), greater severity of insomnia (p < 0.005), fatigue (p < 0.005) and depressive symptoms (<0.009). Evening chronotype was associated with preeclampsia [p = 0.01; OR = 0.27; CI 0.09-0.79] and a greater need for admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) [p = 0.02; OR = 0.23; CI .0.06-0.80]. A lower MEQ score confirmed an association with preeclampsia [p = 0.002; OR = 0.94; CI 0.90-0.97] and this was maintained after controlling for age, arterial hypertension, sleep quality, fatigue and depressive symptoms [p < 005; OR = 0.91; CI 0.87-0.95]. Conclusion: In GDM, patients with evening preference had worse sleep quality, more insomnia, fatigue, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, eveningness was independently associated with preeclampsia. These results indicate the important role of eveningness in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objective morningevening morning GDM. . (GDM) methods 2nd3rd ndrd 2nd 3rd nd rd Fortaleza 20182020. 20182020 2018 2020 (2018-2020) HorneÖstberg Horne Östberg MorningnessEveningnessQuestionnaire Morningness Questionnaire 41. 41 41) Furthermore 7day day 7 register somnolence evaluated investigated Results 30 2 6.9%. 69 6.9% 6 9 (6.9%) p 0.01, 001 0.01 , 0 01 0.01) 0.005, 0005 0.005 005 <0.009. 0009 <0.009 009 (<0.009) 0.27 027 27 0.090.79 009079 0.09 0.79 09 79 0.09-0.79 NICU (NICU 0.02 002 02 0.23 023 23 .0.060.80. 006080 .0.06 0.80 06 80 .0.06-0.80] 0.002 0002 0.94 094 94 0.900.97 090097 0.90 0.97 90 97 0.90-0.97 age hypertension 0.91 091 91 0.870.95. 087095 0.87 0.95 87 95 0.87-0.95] Conclusion (GDM 2018202 201 202 (2018-2020 4 3 6.9 (6.9% 00 0.0 000 0.00 <0.00 (<0.009 0.2 090 0.090.7 00907 079 0.7 0.09-0.7 060 .0.060.80 00608 006 .0.0 080 0.8 8 .0.06-0.80 0.9 900 0.900.9 09009 097 0.90-0.9 870 0.870.95 08709 087 095 0.87-0.95 201820 20 (2018-202 6. (6.9 0. <0.0 (<0.00 0.090. 0090 07 0.09-0. .0.060.8 0060 .0. 08 .0.06-0.8 0.900. 0900 0.90-0. 0.870.9 0870 0.87-0.9 20182 (2018-20 (6. <0. (<0.0 0.090 0.09-0 .0.060. .0 .0.06-0. 0.900 0.90-0 0.870. 0.87-0. (2018-2 (6 <0 (<0. 0.09- .0.060 .0.06-0 0.90- 0.870 0.87-0 (2018- ( (<0 .0.06- 0.87- (2018 (< (201 (20 (2

Molecular biomarkers correspond to all endogenous or exogenous biomolecules, whose presence or alteration in metabolic pathways indicate the response of a biological system to a disturbance caused by internal or external factors. The search for biomarkers has allowed deepening the knowledge of complex pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, interactions with potential drugs, and the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic tests, establishing itself as a central point in personalized medicine. In addition, the development of the omics sciences has fostered an increasing exploration in this field of research. This review presents essential and relevant concepts in biomarker research, explores the various definitions and classifications of biomarkers according to their purpose, the critical aspects to be considered in experimental design, the primary employed study models (in vivo, in vitro, and in silico) and the factors that have hindered their ultimate implementation. Finally, important, and current clinical and pharmacological research areas in which biomarker research play a central role are presented.

Resumo Introdução: Campylobacter spp. é a causa principal de gastroenterite aguda bacteriana (GAB) pediátrica na União Europeia, com maior incidência em crianças com idade inferior a cinco anos. A maioria dos doentes tem uma recuperação completa num período de dias da data de infeção, sem comorbilidades associadas. A antibioterapia deve ser reservada para casos mais graves. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a epidemiologia, sintomas, tratamento e complicações associadas à infeção por Campylobacter spp. em doentes pediátricos com GAB. Material e métodos: Revisão dos casos clínicos de doentes avaliados no Serviço de Urgência Pediátrica de um hospital de nível II por um período de cinco anos (2013-2017) com diagnóstico de GAB e isolamento de Campylobacter spp. nas fezes. Resultados: Dos 1990 testes coprológicos efetuados, 637 (32%) foram positivos para a presença de bactérias. Campylobacter spp. foi identificada em 459 doentes (72%). Dezoito doentes foram excluídos por falta de informação, constituindo uma amostra final de 441 doentes, com uma idade média de três anos. Clinicamente, os doentes apresentavam diarreia aquosa (59,6%), diarreia sanguinolenta (43,8%), diarreia mucosanguinolenta (15,4%), diarreia mucosa (3,9%), vómitos (36,3%), dor abdominal (24,3%), febre (63%), convulsões (0,9%) e exantema cutâneo (0,2%). Oitenta e nove doentes foram internados. Onze doentes receberam antibioterapia. Discussão: Este estudo representa a maior revisão nacional até à data de casos de GAB por Campylobacter spp. na população pediátrica. Campylobacter foi a principal bactéria identificada, maioritariamente associada a doença autolimitada. Conclusão: O uso racional de testes coprológicos permite a identificação etiológica na GAB. O aumento dos casos de GAB por Campylobacter spp. reforça a necessidade de melhor cuidados de higiene.

Abstract Introduction: Campylobacter spp. is the main cause of pediatric acute bacterial gastroenteritis (ABG) in the European Union, with greater incidence in children under five years old. Most patients present complete recovery within days of infection, with no associated comorbidities. Antibiotic therapy should be reserved for severe cases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, symptoms, treatment, and complications of Campylobacter spp. infection in pediatric patients with ABG. Material and methods: Case-by-case review of the clinical records of patients evaluated in the Pediatric Emergency Department of a level II hospital with a diagnosis of ABG and Campylobacter spp. isolated from stool samples over a five-year period (2013-2017). Results: Of the 1990 stool tests performed, 637 (32%) were positive for the presence of bacteria. Campylobacter spp. was identified in the samples of 459 patients (72%). Eighteen patients were excluded for insufficient data, making up a final sample of 441 patients, with a mean age of three years old. Clinically, patients presented with aqueous diarrhea (59.6%), bloody diarrhea (43.8%), bloody and mucus diarrhea (15.4%), mucus diarrhea (3.9%), vomiting (36.3%), abdominal pain (24.3%), fever (63%), seizures (0.9%), and rash (0.2%). Eighty-nine patients were hospitalized. Eleven patients received antibiotic therapy. Discussion: This study represents the largest national case-by-case review of ABG by Campylobacter spp. in the pediatric population. Campylobacter was the main bacteria identified, mostly associated with self-limited disease. Conclusion: A judicious use of stool tests allows etiological identification in ABG. The growing number of cases of ABG by Campylobacter spp. reinforces the need for better hygiene procedures.

RESUMO Objetivo: O nosso objetivo neste estudo foi comparar as alterações na unidade funcional lacrimal em dois modelos de síndrome do olho seco neurogênica: desnervação sensorial da córnea versus desnervação autonômica da glândula lacrimal. Métodos: A rede neural é um importante suporte para a unidade funcional lacrimal. Pode ser dividido em vias aferentes (sensoriais) e eferentes (autonômicas), sujeitas a doenças graves que comprometem a unidade funcional lacrimal. Ratos Wistar machos, com 8 semanas de idade, foram divididos em três grupos: 1) Controle naïve (n=16 animais); 2) Desnervação autonômica: onde os ratos foram submetidos à ablação do nervo da glândula lacrimal direita e avaliados após um e dois meses (1 M a 2 M) do procedimento (n=7 animais por subgrupo, desnervação autonômica 1M e desnervação autonômica 2M, respectivamente); 3) Desnervação sensorial induzida por colírio a 0,2% de cloreto de benzalcônio, duas vezes ao dia por 7 dias no olho direito (n=10 animais). A sensibilidade da córnea foi medida pelo teste de movimento pata-olho com capsaicina (10 µM). A PCR quantitativa em tempo real foi aplicada para comparar a expressão relativa de mRNA de citocinas pró-inflamatórias: Il1b, Il6, Tnf, Mmp9, na córnea, gânglio trigêmio e glândula lacrimal. O mRNA dos agentes pró-mitóticos Bmp7, Runx1, Runx3, Fgf10 e Smad1 foram comparados na glândula lacrimal. Resultados: A desnervação sensorial induziu hiperalgesia da córnea (p=0,001). Desnervação sensorial e desnervação autonômica aumentaram o mRNA de citocinas pró-inflamatórias no córnea e glândula lacrimal (p<0,05), mas apenas desnervação sensorial aumentou o mRNA de Il1b e Tnf no gânglio trigêmio (p<0,05) quando comparado ao controle naïve. Conclusões: Os modelos de desnervação autonômica e desnervação sensorial podem ter características comuns, como inflamação de diferentes partes da unidade funcional lacrimal. No entanto, a hiperestesia e os marcadores inflamatórios no gânglio trigêmio de desnervação sensorial e a expressão de mediadores regenerativos na glândula lacrimal na desnervação autonômica são características que distinguem essas doenças, podendo ser investigadas em estudos futuros que abordam o olho seco secundário ao dano neural da unidade funcional lacrimal.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare the changes in the lacrimal functional unit in the following two models of neurogenic dry eye syndrome: sensory denervation of the cornea versus autonomic denervation of the lacrimal gland. Methods: The neural network supports the lacrimal functional unit. It can be divided into afferent (sensory) and efferent (autonomic) pathways and is affected by severe diseases that compromise the lacrimal functional unit. Male Wistar, 8-week-old rats were divided into the following three groups: 1) control naïve (n=16 animals); 2) autonomic denervation: where rats were subjected to right lacrimal gland nerve ablation and evaluated after 1 and 2 months (1M and 2M) after the procedure (n=7 animals per subgroup, autonomic denervation 1M and autonomic denervation 2M, respectively); 3) sensory denervation induced by 0.2% benzalkonium chloride eye drops, twice a day for 7 days in the right eye (n=10 animals). The corneal sensitivity was measured using the eye wipe test with capsaicin (10 µM). The quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, such as Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf, Mmp9, in the cornea, trigeminal ganglion, and lacrimal gland. In addition, the mRNA of the promitotic factors in the lacrimal gland, such as Bmp7, Runx1, Runx3, Fgf10, and Smad1, was compared. Results: Sensory denervation induced corneal hyperalgesia (p=0.001). Sensory denervation and autonomic denervation increased the mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines in the cornea and lacrimal gland (p<0.05), but only sensory denervation increased the mRNA levels of Il-1β and Tnf in the trigeminal ganglion (p<0.05) compared with the control naïve. Conclusions: Autonomic denervation and sensory denervation models can have common features, such as inflammation of different parts of the lacrimal functional unit. However, hyperesthesia and inflammatory markers in the trigeminal ganglion because of sensory denervation and the expression of regenerative mediators in the lacrimal gland owing to autonomic denervation are the distinguishing features of these diseases that can be explored in future studies assessing dry eye syndrome secondary to neural damage of the lacrimal functional unit.

Abstract Objective: To provide guidelines on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) to rheumatologists considering specific scenarios of the daily practice based on the shared-making decision (SMD) process. Methods: A task force was constituted by 24 rheumatologists (panel members), with clinical and research expertise in immunizations and infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients, endorsed by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (BSR), to develop guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IMRD. A consensus was built through the Delphi method and involved four rounds of anonymous voting, where five options were used to determine the level of agreement (LOA), based on the Likert Scale: (1) strongly disagree; (2) disagree, (3) neither agree nor disagree (neutral); (4) agree; and (5) strongly agree. Nineteen questions were addressed and discussed via teleconference to formulate the answers. In order to identify the relevant data on COVID-19 vaccines, a search with standardized descriptors and synonyms was performed on September 10th, 2021, of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and LILACS to identify studies of interest. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of nonrandomized studies. Results: All the nineteen questions-answers (Q&A) were approved by the BSR Task Force with more than 80% of panelists voting options 4—agree—and 5—strongly agree—, and a consensus was reached. These Guidelines were focused in SMD on the most appropriate timing for IMRD patients to get vaccinated to reach the adequate covid-19 vaccination response. Conclusion: These guidelines were developed by a BSR Task Force with a high LOA among panelists, based on the literature review of published studies and expert opinion for COVID-19 vaccination in IMRD patients. Noteworthy, in the pandemic period, up to the time of the review and the consensus process for this document, high-quality evidence was scarce. Thus, it is not a substitute for clinical judgment.

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses in pediatric patients. Between April 17 and September 30, 2020, we collected 1,566 respiratory samples from 1,044 symptomatic patients who were younger than 18 years old to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these, 919 were analyzed for other respiratory pathogens (ORP). Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or ORP were included. We evaluated 76 pediatric COVID-19 infections and 157 other respiratory virus infections. Rhinovirus occurred in 132/157 (84%). COVID-19 patients who were significantly older, had more fevers, headaches and pneumonia than those with ORP. The median white blood cell count was lower in patients with SARS-CoV-2 than in those with ORP (6,470 versus 8,170; p=0.02). COVID-19 patients had significantly worse symptoms than those with ORP.

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o mapeamento, construção e aplicação de estratégias pedagógicas (EP) voltadas para a Educação a Distância (EaD) em diferentes contextos. Para isso, foram utilizados cursos de extensão em áreas distintas, que versaram sobre aspetos socioafetivos da EaD, m-learning e inclusão digital de idosos. A realização da investigação mostrou-se necessária, tendo em vista que o entendimento sobre o conceito de estratégias pedagógicas costuma ser amplo e, muitas vezes, impreciso. Este artigo apresenta uma definição de estratégias pedagógicas, bem como situações de implementação na EaD. As EP podem ser consideradas como um conjunto de ações colocadas em prática pelo professor para alcançar uma finalidade voltada à educação. A metodologia empregada para a realização desta pesquisa foi a qualitativa do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos. A coleta de dados teve como base o desenvolvimento, aplicação e avaliação de estratégias pedagógicas em cursos de extensão. A partir da análise dos dados, foi possível mapear diferentes estratégias e verificar a pertinência da sua adequação, de acordo com o contexto e perfil de cada público. As EP necessitam ser constantemente avaliadas, principalmente em função das transformações que podem ocorrer com a inclusão de novas tecnologias digitais no contexto virtual, além do perfil heterogéneo dos alunos envolvidos no processo educativo.

Resumen El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el mapeo, la construcción y la aplicación de estrategias pedagógicas (EP) centradas en la educación a distancia (ED) en diferentes contextos. Para ello, se utilizaron cursos de extensión en diferentes áreas, que trataron aspectos socio-afectivos de la educación a distancia, el aprendizaje virtual y la inclusión digital de las personas mayores. Se demostró que la investigación era necesaria en vista del hecho de que la comprensión del concepto de estrategias pedagógicas suele ser amplia y, a menudo, imprecisa. Este artículo presenta una definición de estrategias pedagógicas, así como situaciones de implementación en educación a distancia. La educación física se puede considerar como un conjunto de acciones puestas en práctica por el profesor para lograr un objetivo dirigido a la educación. La metodología utilizada para llevar a cabo esta investigación fue el tipo cualitativo de estudio de caso múltiple. La recolección de datos se basó en el desarrollo, aplicación y evaluación de estrategias pedagógicas en cursos de extensión. A partir del análisis de los datos, fue posible mapear diferentes estrategias y verificar la pertinencia de su adecuación, de acuerdo con el contexto y el perfil de cada audiencia. La educación física debe ser evaluada constantemente, principalmente debido a las transformaciones que pueden ocurrir con la inclusión de nuevas tecnologías digitales en el contexto virtual, además del perfil heterogéneo de los estudiantes involucrados en el proceso educativo.

Abstract The goal of the present article is to present the mapping, creation and application of pedagogical strategies (PS) focused on Distance Education (DE) in different contexts. For that, extension courses were used in different areas, which dealt with socio-affective aspects of distance education, m-learning and digital inclusion of the elderly. The need of this investigation arises from the fact that the concept of pedagogical strategies is usually broad and often inaccurate. Although some studies do use the term, few authors discuss its meaning and application. Based on these, this article presents a definition of pedagogical strategies, as well as implementation situations in distance education. In this approach, PS can be considered as a set of actions put into practice by the teacher to achieve an education-aimed goal. The methodology used to carry out this research was a multiple case study of the qualitative type. Data collection was based on the development, application and evaluation of pedagogical strategies used in extension courses. From the analysis of the data, it was possible to map different strategies and verify the pertinence in their adequacy, according to the context and profile of each audience. Based on the studies we carried out, we can conclude that the pedagogical strategies need to be constantly evaluated, mainly due to the transformations that can occur with the inclusion of new digital technologies in the virtual context, in addition to the heterogeneous profile of the students.

Background: A population study is an important tool that can be used to understand the actual epidemiological scenario of the Covid-19 in different territories, identify its magnitude, understand its transmission dynamics, and its demographic, geographical, and social distribution. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of two Brazilian cities during the pandemic first wave and subsequent socioeconomic and health effects. Materials &amp; methods: This paper described the methodological procedures adopted and the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. A household survey was conducted between October and December 2020, in two historic cities of Brazil's mining region. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was detected using the Wondfo® rapid test. The face-to-face interview consisted of administration of a questionnaire containing registration data, sociodemographic and economic variables, living habits, general health condition, mental health, sleep habits, and eating and nutrition. Results: We evaluated 1,762 residents, of which 764 (43.4%) were in Mariana and 998 (56.6%) in Ouro Preto. For both cities, 51.9% of the interviewees were female, with a predominance of the age range 35 to 59 years old (47.2%). The prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.5% in all cities, 6.2% in Ouro Preto, and 4.7% in Mariana. The prevalence was similar between cities (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The study was effective in verifying the seroprevalence of infection by the virus and its findings will enable further analyses of the health conditions of the population related to social isolation and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMO O presente trabalho traz uma revisão das abordagens terapêuticas para a cegueira da córnea. O estudo detalha as etapas e os elementos envolvidos na cicatrização da córnea. Ele mostra as limitações das estratégias cirúrgicas e farmacológicas usadas para restaurar e manter a transparência da córnea em termos de sobrevida a longo prazo e alcance geográfico. As perspectivas dos agentes anabólicos, incluindo vitamina A, hormônios, fatores de crescimento e novos moduladores pró-mitóticos e anti-inflamatórios para auxiliar a cicatrização da ferida na córnea, são revisadas criticamente. Aqui, apresentamos estudos envolvendo nanotecnologia, terapia gênica e reengenharia de tecidos como possíveis estratégias futuras para atuar de maneira isolada ou combinada com a cirurgia da córnea para prevenir ou reverter a cegueira corneana.

ABSTRACT This review is intended to describe the therapeutic approaches for corneal blindness, detailing the steps and elements involved in corneal wound healing. It also presents the limitations of the actual surgical and pharmacological strategies used to restore and maintain corneal transparency in terms of long-term survival and geographic coverage. In addition, we critically review the perspectives of anabolic agents, including vitamin A, hormones, growth factors, and novel promitotic and anti-inflammatory modulators, to assist corneal wound healing. We discuss the studies involving nanotechnology, gene therapy, and tissue reengineering as potential future strategies to work solely or in combination with corneal surgery to prevent or revert corneal blindness.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To investigate sleep alterations and associated factors in pregnant diabetic women (n=141). METHODS: Sleep profile, sociodemographics and clinical information were collected. Poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5) and excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥10), sleep duration (h), sleep latency (min), frequent sleep interruption and short sleep (≤6 h) were assessed in type 1 diabetes mellitus (16.3%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (25.5%) and gestational diabetes mellitus (58.2%). RESULTS: Poor sleep quality was found in 58.8% of patients and daytime sleepiness in 25.7%, regardless of hyperglycemia etiology. No correlation existed between daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality (Pearson correlation r=0.02, p=0.84). Short sleep duration occurred in 1/3 of patients (31.2%). Sleep interruptions due to frequent urination affected 72% of all and sleep interruptions due to any cause 71.2%. Metformin was used by 65.7% of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 28.7% of gestational diabetes mellitus. In gestational diabetes mellitus, parity number was independently associated with poor sleep quality (p=0.02; OR=1.90; 95%CI 1.07-3.36) and metformin use was also independently associated with poor sleep quality (p=0.03; OR=2.36; 95%CI 1.05-5.29). CONCLUSIONS: Our study originally shows that poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness are frequent in diabetic pregnancy due to different etiologies. Interestingly, only in gestational diabetes mellitus, metformin therapy and higher parity were associated with poor sleep quality.