RACIONAL: Identificação de fatores de risco epidemiológicos no esôfago de Barrett resultando em displasia e adenocarcinoma e seu impacto na prevenção e detecção precoce. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar fatores de risco epidemiológicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de displasia e adenocarcinoma a partir do Barrett em população específica. Realizar análise crítica do período de vigilância, objetivando individualizar o tempo de seguimento conforme riscos identificados. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle retrospectivo em centro terciário com pacientes com esôfago de Barrett diagnosticados e seguidos neste centro. Pacientes com Barrett que apresentaram adenocarcinoma e/ou displasia foram comparados aos que não apresentaram, levando em consideração as variáveis sexo, idade, tabagismo, IMC, etnia e extensão do Barrett. Posteriormente, foi realizada regressão logística para mensuração da razão de chances entre fatores de risco para o desfecho adenocarcinoma e desfecho displasia. Foi correlacionada a presença de fatores epidemiológicos de risco nessa população com o tempo de desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma a partir da metaplasia. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis tabagismo, raça, sexo, extensão do Barrett e idade no grupo com adenocarcinoma em relação ao sem adenocarcinoma; tabagistas e ex-tabagistas apresentaram risco 4,309 vezes maior de desenvolver adenocarcinoma; a extensão do Barrett aumentou o risco em 1,193 vezes a cada centímetro. No grupo com displasia, as variáveis tabagismo, extensão do Barrett e idade se mostraram significantes estatisticamente; extensão do Barrett aumentou 1,128 vezes a cada centímetro o risco de displasia e idade aumentou 1,023 a cada ano o risco desse desfecho. Pacientes sem fatores de risco não desenvolveram adenocarcinoma em menos de 12 meses, mesmo com displasia anteriormente. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo confirmou maior risco de desenvolver displasia e adenocarcinoma em grupos epidemiológicos específicos, podendo direcionar o seguimento em pacientes com Esôfago de Barrett de forma mais custo efetiva.

BACKGROUND: Identification of epidemiological risk factors in Barrett's esophagus resulting in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma and its impact on prevention and early detection. AIMS: To evaluate epidemiological risk factors involved in the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma from Barrett's esophagus in a specific population. To critically analyze the surveillance period, aiming to individualize follow-up time according to identified risks. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study in a tertiary center with patients diagnosed and followed up for Barrett's esophagus. Patients with Barrett's esophagus who developed adenocarcinoma and/or dysplasia were compared to those who did not, considering variables such as sex, age, smoking status, Body mass index, ethnicity, and Barrett's extension. Logistic regression was performed to measure the odds ratio between risk factors for the outcome of adenocarcinoma and of dysplasia. The presence of epidemiological risk factors in this population was correlated with the time to develop adenocarcinoma from metaplasia. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the variables smoking status, race, sex, Barrett's esophagus extension, and age in the group with adenocarcinoma compared to the group without adenocarcinoma; smokers and former smokers had a 4.309 times higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma; the extension of Barrett's esophagus increased the risk by 1.193 times for each centimeter. In dysplasia group, the variables smoking status, Barrett's extension, and age were statistically significant; the extension of Barrett's esophagus increased the risk of dysplasia by 1.128 times for each centimeter, and age increased the risk by 1.023 times for each year. Patients without risk factors did not develop adenocarcinoma within 12 months, even with prior dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed a higher risk of developing dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in specific epidemiological groups, allowing for more cost-effective monitorization in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Background: The concept introduced by enhanced recovery after surgery protocols modifies perioperative traditional care in digestive surgery. The integration of these modern recommendations components during the perioperative period are highly important to ensure less postoperative complications, reduced length of hospital stay and decreased surgical costs. Aims: The aim of this position paper is to emphasize the most important points of a multimodal perioperative care protocol. Methods:  A careful analysis of each recommendation of both ERAS and ACERTO protocols is presented, justifying its inclusion in the recommended multimodal care of digestive surgery patients. Results: Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) such as ERAS and ACERTO protocols are a cornerstone in modern perioperative care. Nutritional therapy is highly important in digestive surgery and thus both preoperative and postoperative nutrition care are key to ensure less postoperative complications and to reduce the length of hospital stay. The concept of prehabilitation is another key element in ERPs. Management of crystalloid fluids in a perfect balance in vital. Fluid overload may delay the recovery of patients and increase postoperative complications. Abbreviation of preoperative fast for 2h before anesthesia is now accepted by various guidelines of both surgical and anesthesiology societies. Combined with early postoperative refeeding, these prescriptions are not only safe but can also enhance recovery of patients undergoing digestive procedures. Conclusions: This Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery position paper strongly emphasizes that the implementation of ERPs in digestive surgery represents a paradigm shift in perioperative care, transcending traditional practices and embracing an intelligent approach to patient well-being.   Background: The concept introduced by enhanced recovery after surgery protocols modifies perioperative traditional care in digestive surgery. The integration of these modern recommendations components during the perioperative period are highly important to ensure less postoperative complications, reduced length of hospital stay and decreased surgical costs. Aims: The aim of this position paper is to emphasize the most important points of a multimodal perioperative care protocol. Methods:  A careful analysis of each recommendation of both ERAS and ACERTO protocols is presented, justifying its inclusion in the recommended multimodal care of digestive surgery patients. Results: Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) such as ERAS and ACERTO protocols are a cornerstone in modern perioperative care. Nutritional therapy is highly important in digestive surgery and thus both preoperative and postoperative nutrition care are key to ensure less postoperative complications and to reduce the length of hospital stay. The concept of prehabilitation is another key element in ERPs. Management of crystalloid fluids in a perfect balance in vital. Fluid overload may delay the recovery of patients and increase postoperative complications. Abbreviation of preoperative fast for 2h before anesthesia is now accepted by various guidelines of both surgical and anesthesiology societies. Combined with early postoperative refeeding, these prescriptions are not only safe but can also enhance recovery of patients undergoing digestive procedures. Conclusions: This Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery position paper strongly emphasizes that the implementation of ERPs in digestive surgery represents a paradigm shift in perioperative care, transcending traditional practices and embracing an intelligent approach to patient well-being.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The concept introduced by protocols of enhanced recovery after surgery modifies perioperative traditional care in digestive surgery. The integration of these modern recommendations components during the perioperative period is of great importance to ensure fewer postoperative complications, reduced length of hospital stay, and decreased surgical costs. AIMS: To emphasize the most important points of a multimodal perioperative care protocol. METHODS: Careful analysis of each recommendation of both ERAS and ACERTO protocols, justifying their inclusion in the multimodal care recommended for digestive surgery patients. RESULTS: Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) such as ERAS and ACERTO protocols are a cornerstone in modern perioperative care. Nutritional therapy is fundamental in digestive surgery, and thus, both preoperative and postoperative nutrition care are key to ensuring fewer postoperative complications and reducing the length of hospital stay. The concept of prehabilitation is another key element in ERPs. The handling of crystalloid fluids in a perfect balance is vital. Fluid overload can delay the recovery of patients and increase postoperative complications. Abbreviation of preoperative fasting for two hours before anesthesia is now accepted by various guidelines of both surgical and anesthesiology societies. Combined with early postoperative refeeding, these prescriptions are not only safe but can also enhance the recovery of patients undergoing digestive procedures. CONCLUSIONS: This position paper from the Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery strongly emphasizes that the implementation of ERPs in digestive surgery represents a paradigm shift in perioperative care, transcending traditional practices and embracing an intelligent approach to patient well-being. BACKGROUND stay costs AIMS protocol METHODS RESULTS (ERPs thus vital societies refeeding procedures CONCLUSIONS wellbeing. wellbeing well being. being well-being

RESUMO RACIONAL: O conceito introduzido pelos protocolos de recuperação após a cirurgia modifica os cuidados perioperatórios tradicionais em cirurgia digestiva. A integração desses componentes modernos de recomendações, durante o período perioperatório, é de grande importância para garantir menos complicações pós-operatórias, redução do tempo de internação hospitalar e diminuição dos custos cirúrgicos. OBJETIVOS: Enfatizar os pontos mais importantes de um protocolo multimodal de cuidados perioperatórios. MÉTODOS: Análise criteriosa de cada recomendação dos protocolos ERAS e ACERTO, justificando sua inclusão no atendimento multimodal recomendado para pacientes de cirurgia digestiva. RESULTADOS: Os programas de recuperação avançada (PRAs), tais como os protocolos ERAS e ACERTO, são a base dos cuidados perioperatórios modernos. A terapia nutricional é de grande importância na cirurgia digestiva e, portanto, tanto os cuidados nutricionais pré-operatórios, quanto pós-operatórios são fundamentais para garantir menos complicações pós-operatórias e reduzir o tempo de internação hospitalar. O conceito de pré-habilitação é outro elemento-chave nos PRAs. O manuseio de fluidos cristalóides em perfeito equilíbrio é vital. A sobrecarga de fluidos pode atrasar a recuperação dos pacientes e aumentar as complicações pós-operatórias. A abreviação do jejum pré-operatório para duas horas antes da anestesia é agora aceita por diversas diretrizes das sociedades cirúrgicas e de anestesiologia. Combinadas com a realimentação pós-operatória precoce, essas prescrições não são apenas seguras, mas também podem melhorar a recuperação de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos digestivos. CONCLUSÕES: Este posicionamento do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva enfatiza fortemente que a implementação de PRAs em cirurgia digestive, representa uma mudança de paradigma no cuidado perioperatório, transcendendo as práticas tradicionais e adotando uma abordagem inteligente para o bem-estar do paciente. RACIONAL recomendações perioperatório pósoperatórias, pósoperatórias pós operatórias, operatórias cirúrgicos OBJETIVOS MÉTODOS ACERTO RESULTADOS PRAs, , (PRAs) portanto préoperatórios, préoperatórios pré operatórios, operatórios pré-operatórios pósoperatórios préhabilitação habilitação elementochave elemento chave vital pósoperatórias. operatórias. préoperatório operatório anestesiologia pósoperatória operatória precoce seguras digestivos CONCLUSÕES digestive bemestar bem estar paciente (PRAs

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Predicting short- and long-term outcomes of oncological therapies is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Malnutrition and the host immune status significantly affect outcomes in major surgeries. AIMS: To assess the value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in predicting outcomes in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2009 and 2020. PNI was calculated as follows: PNI=(10 x albumin [g/dL])+(0.005 x lymphocytes [nº/mm3]). The optimal cutoff value was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve (PNI cutoff=52), and patients were grouped into low and high PNI. RESULTS: Of the 529 patients included, 315 (59.5%) were classified as a low-PNI group (PNI<52) and 214 (40.5%) as a high-PNI group (PNI≥52). Older age (p=0.050), male sex (p=0.003), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) III/IV (p=0.001), lower hemoglobin level (p<0.001), lower body mass index (p=0.001), higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001), D1 lymphadenectomy, advanced pT stage, pN+ and more advanced pTNM stage were related to low-PNI patient. Furthermore, 30-day (1.4 vs. 4.8%; p=0.036) and 90-day (3.3 vs. 10.5%; p=0.002) mortality rates were higher in low-PNI compared to high-PNI group. Disease-free and overall survival were worse in low-PNI patients compared to high-PNI (p<0.001 for both). ASA III/IV score, low-PNI, pT3/T4, and pN+ were independent risk factors for worse survival. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative PNI can predict short- and long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy. Low PNI is an independent factor related to worse disease-free and overall survival. BACKGROUND short longterm long term strategies surgeries AIMS METHODS curativeintent intent 200 2020 follows PNI=10 PNI10 PNI= 10 PNI=(1 g/dL+0.005 gdL0005 gdL g/dL + 0.005 g dL 0 005 [g/dL])+(0.00 nº/mm3. nºmm3 nºmm nº/mm3 . nº mm3 mm [nº/mm3]) cutoff=52, cutoff52 cutoff=52 , 52 cutoff=52) RESULTS included 31 59.5% 595 59 5 (59.5% lowPNI PNI<52 PNI52 (PNI<52 21 40.5% 405 40 (40.5% highPNI PNI≥52. PNI≥52 (PNI≥52) p=0.050, p0050 p p=0.050 050 (p=0.050) p=0.003, p0003 p=0.003 003 (p=0.003) (ASA IIIIV III IV p=0.001, p0001 p=0.001 001 (p=0.001) p<0.001, p<0.001 (p<0.001) neutrophillymphocyte neutrophil lymphocyte D lymphadenectomy pN patient Furthermore 30day day 30 1.4 14 1 4 (1. vs 4.8% 48 8 p=0.036 p0036 036 90day 90 3.3 33 3 (3. 10.5% 105 p=0.002 p0002 002 Diseasefree Disease free (p<0.00 both. both both) lowPNI, PNI, pT3T4 pTT pT3 T4 T pT3/T4 CONCLUSIONS gastrectomy diseasefree disease 20 202 PNI=1 PNI1 PNI=( g/dL+0.00 gdL000 0005 0.00 00 [g/dL])+(0.0 nº/mm [nº/mm3] cutoff5 cutoff=5 59.5 (59.5 PNI<5 PNI5 (PNI<5 2 40.5 (40.5 PNI≥5 (PNI≥52 p005 p=0.05 05 (p=0.050 p000 p=0.00 (p=0.003 (p=0.001 p<0.00 1. (1 4.8 p=0.03 p003 03 9 3. (3 10.5 (p<0.0 pT3T pT3/T g/dL+0.0 gdL00 000 0.0 [g/dL])+(0. [nº/mm3 cutoff= 59. (59. PNI< (PNI< 40. (40. PNI≥ (PNI≥5 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.05 (p=0.00 p<0.0 ( 4. 10. (p<0. g/dL+0. gdL0 0. [g/dL])+(0 [nº/mm (59 (40 (PNI≥ p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0. (p<0 g/dL+0 [g/dL])+( (5 (4 p=0 (p=0. p<0 (p< g/dL+ [g/dL])+ p= (p=0 p< (p [g/dL]) (p= [g/dL] [g/dL

RESUMO RACIONAL: Estimar os desfechos de curto e longo prazo das terapias contra o câncer é crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de tratamento eficazes. A desnutrição e o estado imunológico do hospedeiro afetam significativamente os desfechos em cirurgias de grande porte. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o valor do índice nutricional prognóstico pré-operatório (INP) na predição de desfechos em pacientes com câncer gástrico. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma análise de coorte retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia com intenção curativa para adenocarcinoma gástrico entre 2009 e 2020. O INP foi calculado da seguinte forma: INP=(10 x albumina [g/dL])+(0.005 x linfócitos [nº/mm3]). O valor de corte ideal foi determinado pela curva característica de operação do receptor (ponto de corte do INP=52), e os pacientes foram agrupados em INP baixo ou alto. RESULTADOS: Dos 529 pacientes incluídos, 315 (59,5%) foram classificados como grupo de baixo INP (INP<52) e 214 (40,5%) como grupo de alto INP (INP>52). Idade mais avançada (p=0,050), sexo masculino (p=0,003), escore da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA) III/IV (p=0,001), menor nível de hemoglobina (p<0,001), menor índice de massa corpórea (p=0,001), maior relação neutrófilos-linfócitos (p<0,001), linfadenectomia D1, estágio pT avançado, pN+ e estágio pTNM mais avançado foram relacionados ao paciente com baixo INP. Além disso, as taxas de mortalidade em 30 dias (1,4 vs. 4,8%; p=0,036) e em 90 dias (3,3 vs. 10,5%; p=0,002) foram maiores no grupo com baixo PNI em comparação ao grupo com alto INP. A sobrevida livre de doença e a sobrevida global foram piores em pacientes com baixo INP em comparação com pacientes com alto INP (p<0,001 para ambos). Escore ASA III/IV, baixo INP, pT3/T4 e pN+ foram fatores de risco independentes para pior sobrevida. CONCLUSÕES: O INP pré-operatório pode predizer desfechos de curto e longo prazo de pacientes com câncer gástrico após gastrectomia curativa. Baixo INP é um fator independente relacionado a piores sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. RACIONAL eficazes porte OBJETIVOS préoperatório pré operatório (INP MÉTODOS 200 2020 forma INP=10 INP10 INP= 10 INP=(1 g/dL+0.005 gdL0005 gdL g/dL + 0.005 g dL 0 005 [g/dL])+(0.00 nº/mm3. nºmm3 nºmm nº/mm3 . nº mm3 mm [nº/mm3]) ponto INP=52, INP52 INP=52 , 52 INP=52) RESULTADOS incluídos 31 59,5% 595 59 5 (59,5% INP<52 (INP<52 21 40,5% 405 40 (40,5% INP>52. INP>52 (INP>52) p=0,050, p0050 p p=0,050 050 (p=0,050) p=0,003, p0003 p=0,003 003 (p=0,003) (ASA IIIIV III IV p=0,001, p0001 p=0,001 001 (p=0,001) p<0,001, p<0,001 (p<0,001) neutrófiloslinfócitos neutrófilos D1 D pN disso 3 1,4 14 1 4 (1, vs 4,8% 48 8 p=0,036 p0036 036 9 3,3 33 (3, 10,5% 105 p=0,002 p0002 002 (p<0,00 ambos. ambos ambos) pT3T4 pTT pT3 T4 T pT3/T CONCLUSÕES 20 202 INP=1 INP1 INP=( g/dL+0.00 gdL000 0005 0.00 00 [g/dL])+(0.0 nº/mm [nº/mm3] INP5 INP=5 59,5 (59,5 INP<5 (INP<5 2 40,5 (40,5 INP>5 (INP>52 p005 p=0,05 05 (p=0,050 p000 p=0,00 (p=0,003 (p=0,001 p<0,00 1, (1 4,8 p=0,03 p003 03 3, (3 10,5 (p<0,0 pT3T g/dL+0.0 gdL00 000 0.0 [g/dL])+(0. [nº/mm3 59, (59, INP< (INP< 40, (40, INP> (INP>5 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,05 (p=0,00 p<0,0 ( 4, 10, (p<0, g/dL+0. gdL0 0. [g/dL])+(0 [nº/mm (59 (40 (INP> p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p<0, (p<0 g/dL+0 [g/dL])+( (5 (4 p=0 (p=0, p<0 (p< g/dL+ [g/dL])+ p= (p=0 p< (p [g/dL]) (p= [g/dL] [g/dL

RESUMO O objetivo do presente manuscrito foi fazer uma revisão histórica do desenvolvimento e das mais importantes contribuições em relação à Síndrome de Lynch, desde sua primeira descrição há mais de um século atrás. Em 1895, o reputado patologista Dr. Aldred Scott Warthin ficou intrigado com a história familiar de uma costureira local, chamada Pauline Gross. De acordo com a sua previsão, ela morreria precocemente devido a um câncer, o que realmente aconteceu (do útero). Historicamente, sua família foi designada como Família “G”, caracterizando um grupo reconhecido como a maior e mais longa árvore genealógica relacionada ao câncer familiar jamais estudada. Warthin concluiu que os membros dessa família tinham susceptibilidade genética para câncer, e ainda hoje são considerados a primeira família com Síndrome de Lynch reportada na literatura. Entretanto, naquela época a comunidade médica oncológica não era receptiva à associação entre hereditariedade e câncer, a despeito da descrição de outras famílias com heredogramas similares. Infelizmente, esse fato histórico permaneceu esquecido até que outro investigador inaugurou uma nova era para a melhor compreensão da agregação familiar do câncer. Após diversas descrições dessa mesma agregação de casos de câncer em outras famílias, essa condição inicialmente denominada Síndrome de Câncer Familial foi mudada para o epônimo Síndrome de Lynch. Esse foi um reconhecimento ao extenso e dedicado trabalho desenvolvido pelo Dr. Henry Lynch na descrição de diversas características da doença e seus esforços para estabelecer as recomendações corretas para o seu diagnóstico e tratamento. Embora o futuro anuncie que ainda teremos um longo caminho a percorrer para a completa compreensão da Síndrome de Lynch, as contribuições extraordinárias da intuição de Pauline, da perseverança de Warthin e da consistência do trabalho de Lynch nunca devem ser esquecidas por àqueles que já se beneficiaram, bem como os que ainda irão se beneficiar de todo esse conhecimento. atrás 1895 Dr local Gross previsão útero. útero . útero) Historicamente G, G , “G” estudada literatura Entretanto similares Infelizmente tratamento beneficiaram conhecimento 189 “G 18 1

ABSTRACT The present manuscript aimed to review the historical development and most important contributions regarding Lynch Syndrome since its first description, more than a century ago. In 1895, a reputed pathologist from Michigan University, Dr. Aldred Scott Warthin, got intrigued by the family history of a local seamstress called Pauline Gross. According to her prevision, she would present an early death due to cancer, which actually happened (from the uterus). Historically, her family was designated “Family G”, comprising a group recognized as the longest and most detailed cancer genealogy that has ever been studied. Warthin concluded that its members had genetic susceptibility for cancer, and they are, nowadays, considered the first reported Lynch Syndrome family. At that time, however, the medical cancer community was far less receptive to the association between heredity and cancer, despite the description of other families with similar heredograms. Unfortunately, this historical fact remained somewhat dormant until another investigator inaugurated a new era in the understanding of family cancer clusters. After reports and studies from this family and many others, the condition initially called Cancer Family Syndrome was changed to the eponym Lynch Syndrome. This was a recognition of the extensive and dedicated work developed by Dr. Henry Lynch in describing various characteristics of the disease, and his efforts to establish the correct recommendations for its diagnosis and treatment. Although the future announces there is still far to go for a complete understanding of Lynch Syndrome, the remarkable contributions of Pauline’s intuition, Warthin’s perseverance, and Lynch’s work consistency must never be forgotten by those who already have or will still benefit from this knowledge. ago 1895 University Dr Gross prevision uterus. uterus . uterus) Historically G, G , G” studied are nowadays time however heredograms Unfortunately clusters others disease treatment Paulines s intuition Warthins perseverance Lynchs knowledge 189 18 1

Abstract Prognostic factors for local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and total mesorectal excision. Background: The standard curative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer of the middle and lower thirds is long-course chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision. Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic factors associated with local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and total mesorectal excision. Methods: Retrospective study including patients with rectal cancer T3–4N0M0 or T (any)N + M0 located within 10 cm from the anal border, or patients with T2N0M0 located within 5 cm, treated by long course chemoradio-therapy followed by total mesorectal excision with curative intent. Clinical, demographic, radiologic, surgical, and anatomopathological data were collected. Local recurrence was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier function, and risk was estimated according to each characteristic using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: 270 patients were included, 57.8% male and mean age 61.7 (30‒88) years. At initial staging, 6.7% of patients were stage I, 21.5% stage II, and 71.8% stage III. Open surgery was performed in 65.2%, with sphincter preservation in 78.1%. Mortality within 30 postoperative days was 0.7%. After 49.4 (0.5‒86.1) months of median follow-up, overall and local recurrences were 26.3% and 5.9%. On multivariate analyses, local recurrence was associated with involvement of the mesorectal fascia on restaging MRI (HR = 9.11, p = 0.001) and with pathologic involvement of radial surgical margin (HR = 8.19, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Local recurrence of rectal cancer treated with long-course chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision is low and is associated with pathologic involvement of the radial surgical margin and can be predicted on restaging MRI. Background longcourse Purpose Methods T34N0M0 TNM T3 4N0M0 N M T3–4N0M anyN any 1 border T2N0M chemoradio therapy intent Clinical demographic radiologic collected KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier function analyses Results 27 included 578 57 8 57.8 617 61 7 61. 30‒88 3088 88 (30‒88 years staging 67 6 6.7 I 215 21 21.5 II 718 71 71.8 III 652 65 2 65.2% 781 78 78.1% 3 07 0 0.7% 494 49 4 49. 0.5‒86.1 05861 86 (0.5‒86.1 followup, followup follow up, up follow-up 263 26 26.3 59 9 5.9% HR 911 11 9.11 0.001 0001 001 819 19 8.19 0.001. . Conclusion T34N0M NM 4N0M 57. 30‒8 308 (30‒8 6. 21. 71. 65.2 78.1 0.7 0.5‒86. 0586 (0.5‒86. 26. 5.9 91 9.1 0.00 000 00 81 8.1 30‒ (30‒ 65. 78. 0. 0.5‒86 058 (0.5‒86 5. 9. 0.0 8. (30 0.5‒8 05 (0.5‒8 (3 0.5‒ (0.5‒ ( 0.5 (0.5 (0. (0

RESUMO RACIONAL: O status linfonodal é vital para o prognóstico do câncer gástrico (CG), mas o estágio pN convencional pode ser limitado por variações na linfadenectomia e migração do estágio. O N-Ratio, que avalia a proporção entre linfonodos metastáticos e linfonodos ressecados, surge como uma ferramenta prognóstica promissora. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o valor prognóstico do N-Ratio no CG, particularmente em pacientes com <25 linfonodos ressecados. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia com intenção curativa para CG. As categorias do N-Ratio foram determinadas pelo método da curva ROC, e a área sob a curva (AUC) foi utilizada como medida de desempenho na previsão de recorrência/óbito. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 561 pacientes com CG, 57% tinham status pN+ e 17,5% tinham <25 linfonodos ressecados. O N-Ratio, com média de 0,12, previu a sobrevida com precisão de 74% (AUC=0,74; IC95% 0,70–0,78, p<0,001). As categorias N-Ratio incluíram: N-Ratio 0 (43%); N-Ratio 1 (12,3%); N-Ratio 2 (31,6%); e N-Ratio 3 (13,2%). A sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) variou entre todos os grupos N-Ratio, com o N-Ratio 3 apresentando pior sobrevida do que os casos pN3 (SLD=21,8 vs.11 meses, p=0,022, p<0,05). Nos casos com <25 linfonodos ressecados, a SLD não foi significativamente pior nos grupos N-Ratio 0 (68,8 vs. 81,9%, p=0,061, p>0,05) e N-Ratio 1 (66,2 vs. 50%, p=0,504, p>0,05). A SLD dos casos de N-Ratio 0 com <25 linfonodos foi semelhante aos casos de N-Ratio 1. CONCLUSÕES: O N-Ratio influenciou a sobrevida em pacientes com CG, especialmente na doença linfonodal avançada (N-Ratio 3). Considerando que a proporção N não afeta os casos pN0, a avaliação prognóstica individualizada é essencial para pacientes com <25 linfonodos ressecados. RACIONAL CG , (CG) NRatio, NRatio Ratio, Ratio ressecados promissora OBJETIVOS 25 <2 MÉTODOS analisados retrospectivamente ROC AUC (AUC recorrênciaóbito recorrência óbito recorrência/óbito RESULTADOS 56 57 175 17 5 17,5 012 12 0,12 74 AUC=0,74 AUC074 (AUC=0,74 IC95 IC 070078 70 78 0,70–0,78 p<0,001. p0001 p p<0,001 . 001 p<0,001) incluíram 43% 43 (43%) 12,3% 123 (12,3%) 31,6% 316 31 6 (31,6%) 13,2%. 132 13,2% 13 (13,2%) (SLD SLD=21,8 SLD218 21 8 (SLD=21, vs11 vs 11 vs.1 meses p0022 022 p=0,022 p<0,05. p005 p<0,05 05 p<0,05) 68,8 688 68 (68, 819 81 9 81,9% p0061 061 p=0,061 p>0,05 66,2 662 66 (66, 50 50% p0504 504 p=0,504 p>0,05. CONCLUSÕES 3. 3) pN0 (CG < 17, 01 0,1 7 AUC=0,7 AUC07 (AUC=0,7 IC9 07007 0,70–0,7 p000 p<0,00 00 4 (43% 12,3 (12,3% 31,6 (31,6% 13,2 (13,2% SLD=21, SLD21 (SLD=21 vs1 p002 02 p=0,02 p00 p<0,0 68, (68 81,9 p006 06 p=0,06 p>0,0 66, (66 p050 p=0,50 0, AUC=0, AUC0 (AUC=0, 0700 0,70–0, (43 12, (12,3 31, (31,6 13, (13,2 SLD=21 SLD2 (SLD=2 p=0,0 p0 p<0, (6 81, p>0, p05 p=0,5 AUC=0 (AUC=0 070 0,70–0 (4 (12, (31, (13, SLD=2 (SLD= p=0, p<0 ( p>0 AUC= (AUC= 07 0,70– (12 (31 (13 SLD= p=0 p< p> 0,70 (1 (3 p= 0,7

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Lymph node status is vital for gastric cancer (GC) prognosis, but the conventional pN stage may be limited by variations in lymphadenectomy and stage migration. The N-Ratio, which assesses the ratio of metastatic to resected lymph nodes, emerges as a promising prognostic tool. AIMS: To assess N-Ratios prognostic value in GC, particularly in patients with <25 resected lymph nodes. METHODS: Patients who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent for GC were retrospectively evaluated. The N-Ratio categories were determined using the ROC curve method, and the area under the curve (AUC) was used as a measure of performance in predicting recurrence/death. RESULTS: A total of 561 GC patients were included in the study, 57% had pN+ status, and 17.5% had <25 resected lymph nodes. N-Ratio, with a mean of 0.12, predicted survival with 74% accuracy (AUC=0.74; 95%CI 0.70–0.78, p<0.001). N-Ratio categories included: N-Ratio 0 (43%); N-Ratio 1 (12.3%); N-Ratio 2 (31.6%); and N-Ratio 3 (13.2%). Disease-free survival (DFS) varied among all N-Ratio groups, with N-Ratio 3 showing worse survival than pN3 cases (DFS=21.8 vs. 11 months, p=0.022, p<0.05). In cases with <25 resected lymph nodes, DFS was not significantly worse in N-Ratio 0 (68.8 vs. 81.9%, p=0.061, p>0.05) and N-Ratio 1 (66.2 vs. 50%, p=0.504, p>0.05) groups. The DFS of N-Ratio-0 cases with <25 lymph nodes was similar to N-Ratio 1 cases. CONCLUSIONS: N-Ratio influenced survival in GC patients, especially in advanced lymph node disease (N-Ratio 3). Considering that N-Ratio does not impact pN0 cases, individualized prognosis assessment is essential for patients with <25 resected lymph nodes. BACKGROUND (GC migration NRatio, NRatio N Ratio, Ratio tool AIMS NRatios Ratios 25 <2 METHODS evaluated method AUC (AUC recurrencedeath recurrence death recurrence/death RESULTS 56 study 57 175 17 5 17.5 012 12 0.12 74 AUC=0.74 AUC074 (AUC=0.74 95CI CI 95 070078 70 78 0.70–0.78 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 . 001 p<0.001) 43% 43 (43%) 12.3% 123 (12.3%) 31.6% 316 31 6 (31.6%) 13.2%. 132 13.2% 13 (13.2%) Diseasefree Disease free (DFS groups DFS=21.8 DFS218 21 8 (DFS=21. vs months p0022 022 p=0.022 p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 05 p<0.05) 68.8 688 68 (68. 819 81 9 81.9% p0061 061 p=0.061 p>0.05 66.2 662 66 (66. 50 50% p0504 504 p=0.504 NRatio0 N-Ratio- CONCLUSIONS 3. 3) < 17. 01 0.1 7 AUC=0.7 AUC07 (AUC=0.7 07007 0.70–0.7 p000 p<0.00 00 4 (43% 12.3 (12.3% 31.6 (31.6% 13.2 (13.2% DFS=21. DFS21 (DFS=21 p002 02 p=0.02 p00 p<0.0 68. (68 81.9 p006 06 p=0.06 p>0.0 66. (66 p050 p=0.50 0. AUC=0. AUC0 (AUC=0. 0700 0.70–0. (43 12. (12.3 31. (31.6 13. (13.2 DFS=21 DFS2 (DFS=2 p=0.0 p0 p<0. (6 81. p>0. p05 p=0.5 AUC=0 (AUC=0 070 0.70–0 (4 (12. (31. (13. DFS=2 (DFS= p=0. p<0 ( p>0 AUC= (AUC= 07 0.70– (12 (31 (13 DFS= p=0 p< p> 0.70 (1 (3 p= 0.7

Abstract Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide and ranks second in mortality. Screening programs for early detection and treatment have been implemented in several countries. Economic evaluations are an important tool to support decision-making about reimbursement and coverage decisions in health systems and, therefore, to support efficient resource allocation. The article aims to review the up-to-date evidence on economic evaluations of CRC screening strategies. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SciELO, Lilacs, CRD databases, and lists of references were reviewed to identify relevant literature regarding full economic evaluations of CRC screening in asymptomatic average-risk individuals over 40 years old. Searches were conducted with no restriction to language, setting, or date. Qualitative syntheses described CRC screening strategies and comparators (baseline context), study designs, key parameter inputs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Seventy-nine articles were included. Most of the studies were from high-income countries and a third-party payer perspective. Markov models were predominantly used, although microsimulation has been increasingly adopted in the last 15 years. The authors found 88 different screening strategies for CRC, which differed in the type of technique, the interval of screening, and the strategy, i.e., isolated or combined. The annual fecal immunochemical test was the most predominant screening strategy. All studies reported cost-effective results in their scenarios compared to no screening scenarios. One-quarter of the publications reported cost-saving results. It is still necessary to develop future economic evaluations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), which account for the high burden of disease. (CRC mortality decisionmaking decision making therefore allocation uptodate up date MEDLINE EMBASE Science SCOPUS SciELO Lilacs databases averagerisk average risk 4 old language setting baseline context, context , context) designs costeffectiveness cost effectiveness ratios Seventynine Seventy nine included highincome income thirdparty party perspective used 1 8 technique strategy ie i e i.e. combined costeffective effective Onequarter One quarter costsaving saving Low MiddleIncome Middle Income LMICs, LMICs (LMICs) disease i.e (LMICs

Abstract The canine filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis has not been reported in Brazil´s Amazonas state capital, Manaus, for over a century. Here, we report one imported and 27 autochthonous D. immitis infections from a microfilarial survey of 766 domestic dog blood samples collected between 2017 and 2021 in Manaus. An Overall prevalence estimate of 15.44% (23/149) was calculated from our two rural collection sites; a prevalence of 1.22% (4/328) was estimated at our periurban collection site, and an overall prevalence of 0.35% (1/289) was calculated from our two urban clinic collections. Our data suggest that in the urban areas of Manaus, where the parasites are very likely vectored by the same species of mosquito that historically vectored Wuchereria bancrofti (Culex quinquefasciatus), prevalence levels are very low and possibly maintained by an influx from rural areas where sylvatic reservoirs and/or more favorable vector transmission dynamics maintain high prevalences. Brazils Brazil s capital Manaus century Here 2 D 76 201 202 1544 15 44 15.44 23/149 23149 23 149 (23/149 sites 122 1 22 1.22 4/328 4328 4 328 (4/328 site 035 0 35 0.35 1/289 1289 289 (1/289 collections Culex quinquefasciatus, quinquefasciatus , quinquefasciatus) andor or prevalences 7 20 154 15.4 23/14 2314 14 (23/14 12 1.2 4/32 432 32 (4/32 03 3 0.3 1/28 128 28 (1/28 15. 23/1 231 (23/1 1. 4/3 43 (4/3 0. 1/2 (1/2 23/ (23/ 4/ (4/ 1/ (1/ (23 (4 (1 (2 (

Resumo O parasita filarial canino, Dirofilaria immitis, causa doença zoonótica, mas não tem sido registrado em Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas, há mais de um século. Neste trabalho, foi relatado uma infecção por D. immitis alóctone e 27 autóctones de um levantamento de microfilárias em 766 amostras de sangue em cães domésticos, coletados entre 2017 e 2021 em Manaus. A prevalência de 15,44% (23/149) foi estabelecida em áreas rurais, 1,22% (4/328) para áreas periurbanas e de 0,35% (1/289) para duas clínicas veterinárias localizadas na zona urbana da cidade. Estes dados sugerem, portanto, que nas áreas urbanas de Manaus, nas quais o parasita é provavelmente vetorizado pela mesma espécie de mosquito que, historicamente, transmitiu Wuchereria bancrofti (Culex quinquefasciatus). Também os níveis de prevalência são baixos e, possivelmente, mantidos por um influxo de áreas rurais onde reservatórios silvestres e/ou dinâmicas de transmissão vetorial mais favoráveis mantêm uma prevalência mais elevada. canino zoonótica Manaus Amazonas século trabalho D 2 76 domésticos 201 202 1544 15 44 15,44 23/149 23149 23 149 (23/149 122 1 22 1,22 4/328 4328 4 328 (4/328 035 0 35 0,35 1/289 1289 289 (1/289 cidade sugerem portanto historicamente Culex quinquefasciatus. quinquefasciatus . quinquefasciatus) possivelmente eou ou elevada 7 20 154 15,4 23/14 2314 14 (23/14 12 1,2 4/32 432 32 (4/32 03 3 0,3 1/28 128 28 (1/28 15, 23/1 231 (23/1 1, 4/3 43 (4/3 0, 1/2 (1/2 23/ (23/ 4/ (4/ 1/ (1/ (23 (4 (1 (2 (

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Surgical resection remains the main curative therapeutic modality for advanced gastric cancer. Recently, the association of preoperative chemotherapy has allowed the improvement of results without increasing surgical complications. AIMS: To evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of preoperative chemotherapy in a real-world setting. METHODS: A retrospective review of gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy was performed. Patients were divided into two groups for analysis: upfront surgery and preoperative chemotherapy. The propensity score matching analysis, including 9 variables, was applied to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Of the 536 patients included, 112 (20.9%) were referred for preoperative chemotherapy. Before the propensity score matching analysis, the groups were different in terms of age, hemoglobin level, node metastasis at clinical stage- status, and extent of gastrectomy. After the analysis, 112 patients were stratified for each group. Both were similar for all variables assigned in the score. Patients in the preoperative chemotherapy group had less advanced postoperative p staging (p=0.010), postoperative n staging (p<0.001), and pTNM stage (p<0.001). Postoperative complications, 30- and 90-days mortality were similar between both groups. Before the propensity score matching analysis, there was no difference in survival between the groups. After the analysis, patients in the preoperative chemotherapy group had better overall survival compared to upfront surgery group (p=0.012). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that American Society of Anesthesiologists III/IV category and the presence of lymph node metastasis were factors significantly associated with worse overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative chemotherapy was associated with increased survival in gastric cancer. There was no difference in the postoperative complication rate and mortality compared to upfront surgery. BACKGROUND Recently complications AIMS realworld real world setting METHODS performed analysis RESULTS 53 included 11 20.9% 209 20 (20.9% age level status p=0.010, p0010 p=0.010 , 0 010 (p=0.010) p<0.001, p0001 p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) p<0.001. . 30 90days days 90 p=0.012. p0012 p=0.012 012 (p=0.012) IIIIV III IV CONCLUSIONS 5 1 20.9 2 (20.9 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.010 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 3 (p=0.012 20. (20. p00 p=0.0 (p=0.01 p<0.0 (p<0.00 (20 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 (2 p=0 (p=0. p<0 (p<0. ( p= (p=0 p< (p<0 (p= (p< (p

RESUMO RACIONAL: A ressecção cirúrgica continua sendo a principal modalidade terapêutica curativa para o câncer gástrico avançado. Recentemente, a associação de quimioterapia pré-operatória tem permitido a melhora dos resultados sem aumentar as complicações cirúrgicas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os resultados cirúrgicos e oncológicos da quimioterapia pré-operatória em um cenário do mundo real. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma revisão retrospectiva de pacientes com câncer gástrico submetidos à gastrectomia. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos para análise: cirurgia inicial e quimioterapia pré-operatória. A análise por escore de propensão, incluindo 9 variáveis, foi aplicada para ajustar possíveis fatores de confusão. RESULTADOS: Dos 536 pacientes incluídos, 112 (20,9%) foram encaminhados para quimioterapia pré-operatória. Antes da análise por escore de propensão, os grupos eram diferentes em termos de idade, nível de hemoglobina, status de node metastasis at clinical stage e extensão da gastrectomia. Após a análise, 112 pacientes foram estratificados para cada grupo. Ambos foram semelhantes para todas as variáveis atribuídas no escore. O grupo da quimioterapia pré-operatória apresentou estágios postoperative p staging (p=0,010), postoperative n staging (p<0,001) e pTNM menos avançados (p<0,001). As complicações pós-operatórias e a mortalidade em 30 e 90 dias foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Antes da análise por escore de propensão, não houve diferença na sobrevida entre os dois grupos. Após a análise, o grupo da quimioterapia pré-operatória apresentou melhor sobrevida global em comparação ao grupo da cirurgia inicial (p=0,012). As análises multivariadas demostraram que a categoria American Society of Anesthesiologists III/IV e a metástase linfonodal foram fatores significativamente associados à pior sobrevida global. CONCLUSÕES: A quimioterapia pré-operatória foi associada à maior sobrevida no câncer gástrico. Não houve diferença na taxa de complicações pós-operatórias e mortalidade em comparação com a cirurgia inicial. RACIONAL avançado Recentemente préoperatória pré operatória cirúrgicas OBJETIVOS real MÉTODOS Realizouse Realizou se gastrectomia préoperatória. operatória. propensão confusão RESULTADOS 53 incluídos 11 20,9% 209 20 (20,9% idade hemoglobina p=0,010, p0010 p=0,010 , 0 010 (p=0,010) p<0,001 p0001 001 (p<0,001 p<0,001. . pósoperatórias pós operatórias 3 p=0,012. p0012 p=0,012 012 (p=0,012) IIIIV III IV CONCLUSÕES 5 1 20,9 2 (20,9 p001 p=0,01 01 (p=0,010 p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 (p=0,012 20, (20, p00 p=0,0 (p=0,01 p<0,0 (p<0,0 (20 p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p<0, (p<0, (2 p=0 (p=0, p<0 (p<0 ( p= (p=0 p< (p< (p= (p

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer is considered a fatal disease, without expectation of definitive cure. As systemic chemotherapy is not sufficient to contain the disease, a multimodal approach associating intraperitoneal chemotherapy with surgery may represent an alternative for these cases. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in stage IV gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. METHODS: This study is a single institutional single-arm prospective clinical trial phase II (NCT05541146). Patients with the following inclusion criteria undergo implantation of a peritoneal catheter for intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma; age 18–75 years; Peritoneal carcinomatosis with peritoneal cancer index<12; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0/1; good clinical status; and lab exams within normal limits. The study protocol consists of four cycles of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with paclitaxel associated with systemic chemotherapy. After treatment, patients with peritoneal response assessed by staging laparoscopy undergo conversion gastrectomy. RESULTS: The primary outcome is the rate of complete peritoneal response. Progression-free and overall survivals are other outcomes evaluated. The study started in July 2022, and patients will be screened for inclusion until 30 are enrolled. CONCLUSIONS: Therapies for advanced gastric cancer patients have been evaluated in clinical trials but without success in patients with peritoneal metastasis. The treatment proposed in this trial can be promising, with easy catheter implantation and ambulatory intraperitoneal chemotherapy regime. Verifying the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel with systemic chemotherapy is an important progress that this study intends to investigate. BACKGROUND disease cure cases AIMS metastasis METHODS singlearm arm NCT05541146. NCT05541146 NCT . (NCT05541146) adenocarcinoma 1875 18 75 18–7 years index<12 index12 index 12 0/1 01 0 1 status limits gastrectomy RESULTS Progressionfree Progression free 2022 3 enrolled CONCLUSIONS promising regime NCT0554114 (NCT05541146 187 7 18– index<1 index1 0/ 202 NCT055411 (NCT0554114 index< 20 NCT05541 (NCT055411 2 NCT0554 (NCT05541 NCT055 (NCT0554 NCT05 (NCT055 NCT0 (NCT05 (NCT0 (NCT

RESUMO RACIONAL: A carcinomatose peritoneal no câncer gástrico é considerada uma doença fatal, sem expectativa de cura definitiva. Como a quimioterapia sistêmica não é suficiente para conter a doença, uma abordagem multimodal associando a quimioterapia intraperitoneal à cirurgia pode representar uma alternativa para esses casos. OBJETIVOS: Investigar o papel da quimioterapia intraperitoneal em pacientes com câncer gástrico estágio IV com metástases peritoneais. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico prospectivo unicêntrico, braço único, fase II (NCT05541146). Pacientes com os seguintes critérios de inclusão serão submetidos à implantação de cateter peritoneal para quimioterapia intraperitoneal: adenocarcinoma gástrico estágio IV; idade 18-75 anos; carcinomatose peritoneal com índice de câncer peritoneal<12; ECOG 0/1; bom estado clínico e exames laboratoriais dentro da normalidade. O protocolo do estudo consiste em 4 ciclos de quimioterapia intraperitoneal com Paclitaxel associado à quimioterapia sistêmica. Após o tratamento, os pacientes com resposta peritoneal avaliada por laparoscopia serão submetidos à gastrectomia de conversão. RESULTADOS: O desfecho primário é a taxa de resposta peritoneal completa. A sobrevida livre de progressão e global são outros desfechos avaliados. O estudo foi iniciado em julho de 2022 e os pacientes serão selecionados para inclusão até que 30 sejam inscritos. CONCLUSIONS: Terapias para pacientes com câncer gástrico avançado foram avaliadas em ensaios clínicos, mas sem sucesso em pacientes com metástase peritoneal. O tratamento proposto neste estudo pode ser promissor, com fácil implantação do cateter e regime de quimioterapia intraperitoneal ambulatorial. Verificar a eficácia e segurança do Paclitaxel associado à quimioterapia sistêmica é um progresso importante que o presente estudo pretende investigar. RACIONAL fatal definitiva casos OBJETIVOS peritoneais MÉTODOS Tratase Trata se unicêntrico único NCT05541146. NCT05541146 NCT . (NCT05541146) 1875 18 75 18-7 anos peritoneal<12 peritoneal12 12 0/1 01 0 1 normalidade conversão RESULTADOS completa avaliados 202 3 inscritos CONCLUSIONS clínicos promissor ambulatorial investigar NCT0554114 (NCT05541146 187 7 18- peritoneal<1 peritoneal1 0/ 20 NCT055411 (NCT0554114 peritoneal< 2 NCT05541 (NCT055411 NCT0554 (NCT05541 NCT055 (NCT0554 NCT05 (NCT055 NCT0 (NCT05 (NCT0 (NCT

Abstract Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) followed by a colonoscopy is an efficacious strategy to improve the adenoma detection rate and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). There is no organized national screening program for CRC in Brazil. The aim of this research was to describe the implementation of an organized screening program for CRC through FIT followed by colonoscopy, in an urban low-income community of São Paulo city. The endpoints of the study were: FIT participation rate, FIT positivity rate, colonoscopy compliance rate, Positive Predictive Values (PPV) for adenoma and CRC, and the rate of complications. From May 2016 to October 2019, asymptomatic individuals, 50-75 years old, received a free kit to perform the FIT. Positive FIT (≥ 50 ng/mL) individuals were referred to colonoscopy. 10,057 individuals returned the stool sample for analysis, of which (98.2%) 9,881 were valid. Women represented 64.8% of the participants. 55.3% of individuals did not complete elementary school. Positive FIT was 7.8% (776/9881). The colonoscopy compliance rate was 68.9% (535/776). There were no major colonoscopy complications. Adenoma were detected in 63.2% (332/525) of individuals. Advanced adenomatous lesions were found in 31.4% (165/525). CRC was diagnosed in 5.9% (31/525), characterized as adenocarcinoma: in situ in 3.2% (1/31), intramucosal in 29% (9/31), and invasive in 67.7% (21/31). Endoscopic treatment with curative intent for CRC was performed in 45.2% (14/31) of the cases. Therefore, in an urban low-income community, an organized CRC screening using FIT followed by colonoscopy ensued a high participation rate, and high predictive positive value for both, adenoma and CRC. (FIT . (CRC) Brazil lowincome low income city PPV (PPV complications 201 2019 5075 75 50-7 old ≥ ( 5 ng/mL ngmL ng mL 10057 10 057 10,05 analysis 98.2% 982 98 2 (98.2% 9881 9 881 9,88 valid 648 64 8 64.8 participants 553 55 3 55.3 school 78 7 7.8 776/9881. 7769881 776/9881 776 (776/9881) 689 68 68.9 535/776. 535776 535/776 535 (535/776) 632 63 63.2 332/525 332525 332 525 (332/525 314 31 4 31.4 165/525. 165525 165/525 165 (165/525) 59 5.9 31/525, 31525 31/525 , (31/525) adenocarcinoma 32 3.2 1/31, 131 1/31 1 (1/31) 29 9/31, 931 9/31 (9/31) 677 67 67.7 21/31. 2131 21/31 21 (21/31) 452 45 45.2 14/31 1431 14 (14/31 cases Therefore both (CRC 20 507 50- 1005 05 10,0 98.2 (98.2 988 88 9,8 6 64. 55. 7. 776988 776/988 77 (776/9881 68. 53577 535/77 53 (535/776 63. 332/52 33252 33 52 (332/52 31. 16552 165/52 16 (165/525 5. 3152 31/52 (31/525 3. 13 1/3 (1/31 93 9/3 (9/31 67. 213 21/3 (21/31 45. 14/3 143 (14/3 100 0 10, 98. (98. 9, 77698 776/98 (776/988 5357 535/7 (535/77 332/5 3325 (332/5 1655 165/5 (165/52 315 31/5 (31/52 1/ (1/3 9/ (9/3 21/ (21/3 14/ (14/ (98 7769 776/9 (776/98 535/ (535/7 332/ (332/ 165/ (165/5 31/ (31/5 (1/ (9/ (21/ (14 (9 776/ (776/9 (535/ (332 (165/ (31/ (1 (21 (776/ (535 (33 (165 (31 (2 (776 (53 (3 (16 (77 (5 (7

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The main treatment modality for gastric cancer is surgical resection with lymphadenectomy. Despite advances in perioperative care, major surgical complications can occur in up to 20% of cases. To determine the quality of surgical care employed, a new indicator called failure to rescue (FTR) was proposed, which assesses the percentage of patients who die after complications occur. AIMS: To assess the rate of FTR after gastrectomy and factors associated with its occurrence. METHODS: Patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent were retrospectively evaluated. According to the occurrence of postoperative complications, patients were divided into FTR group (grade V complications) and rescued group (grade III/IV complications). RESULTS: Among the 731 patients, 114 had major complications. Of these patients, 76 (66.7%) were successfully treated for the complication (rescued group), while 38 (33.3%) died (FTR group). Patients in the FTR group were older (p=0.008; p<0.05), had lower levels of hemoglobin (p=0.021; p<0.05) and albumin (p=0.002; p<0.05), and a higher frequency of ASA III/IV (p=0.033; p<0.05). There were no differences between the groups regarding surgical and pathological characteristics. Clinical complications had a higher mortality rate (40.0% vs 30.4%), with pulmonary complications (50.2%) and infections (46.2%) being the most lethal. Patients with major complications grade III/IV had worse survival than those without complications. CONCLUSIONS: The FTR rate was 33.3%. Advanced age, worse performance, and nutritional parameters were associated with FTR. BACKGROUND lymphadenectomy 20 cases employed proposed AIMS METHODS evaluated IIIIV III IV . RESULTS 73 11 7 66.7% 667 66 (66.7% group, , group) 3 33.3% 333 33 (33.3% group. p=0.008 p0008 p 0 008 (p=0.008 p<0.05, p005 p<0.05 05 p=0.021 p0021 021 (p=0.021 p=0.002 p0002 002 (p=0.002 p=0.033 p0033 033 (p=0.033 p<0.05. characteristics 40.0% 400 40 (40.0 30.4%, 304 30.4% 30 4 30.4%) 50.2% 502 50 2 (50.2% 46.2% 462 46 (46.2% lethal CONCLUSIONS age performance 1 66.7 6 (66.7 33.3 (33.3 p=0.00 p000 00 (p=0.00 p00 p<0.0 p=0.02 p002 02 (p=0.02 p=0.03 p003 03 (p=0.03 40.0 (40. 30.4 50.2 5 (50.2 46.2 (46.2 66. (66. 33. (33. p=0.0 (p=0.0 p0 p<0. 40. (40 30. 50. (50. 46. (46. (66 (33 p=0. (p=0. p<0 (4 (50 (46 (6 (3 p=0 (p=0 p< ( (5 p= (p= (p

RESUMO RACIONAL: A principal modalidade de tratamento do câncer gástrico (CG) é a ressecção cirúrgica associada a linfadenectomia. Apesar dos avanços no cuidado peri-operatório, as complicações cirúrgicas maiores podem ocorrer em até 20% dos casos. Para determinar a qualidade do atendimento cirúrgico empregado, foi proposto um novo indicador denominado failure to rescue (FTR), que avalia a porcentagem dos pacientes que vão a óbito após a ocorrência de complicações. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a taxa de FTR após gastrectomia e fatores associados com a sua ocorrência. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os pacientes com CG submetidos à gastrectomia com intenção curativa. De acordo com a ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias, os pacientes foram divididos em grupo FTR (complicação grau V) e grupo resgatado (complicações grau 3-4). RESULTADOS: Entre os 731 pacientes, 114 tiveram maiores complicações. Desses pacientes, 76 casos (66,7%) obtiveram sucesso no tratamento da complicação (grupo resgatados), enquanto 38 casos (33,3%) foram a óbito (grupo FTR). Os pacientes do grupo FTR apresentaram idade mais avançada (p=0,008, p<0,05), menores níveis de hemoglobina (p=0,021, p<0,05) e de albumina (p=0,002, p<0,05), e maior frequência de ASA III/IV (p=0,033, p<0,05). Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto às características cirúrgicas e patológicas. As complicações clínicas apresentaram maior taxa de mortalidade (40.0% vs 30,4%), sendo complicações pulmonares (50,2%) e infecções (46,2%) as mais letais. Pacientes com complicações maiores grau III-IV tiveram pior sobrevida comparado aqueles sem complicações. CONCLUSÕES: A taxa de FTR foi de 33,3%. Idade avançada, pior performance, e parâmetros nutricionais associam-se ao FTR. RACIONAL (CG linfadenectomia perioperatório, perioperatório peri operatório, operatório peri-operatório 20 empregado FTR, , (FTR) OBJETIVOS MÉTODOS curativa pósoperatórias, pósoperatórias pós operatórias, operatórias pós-operatórias V 34. 34 3 4 . 3-4) RESULTADOS 73 11 7 66,7% 667 66 (66,7% resgatados, resgatados resgatados) 33,3% 333 33 (33,3% FTR) p=0,008, p0008 p 0 008 (p=0,008 p<0,05, p005 p<0,05 05 p=0,021, p0021 021 (p=0,021 p=0,002, p0002 002 (p=0,002 IIIIV III IV p=0,033, p0033 033 (p=0,033 p<0,05. patológicas 40.0% 400 40 (40.0 30,4%, 304 30,4% 30 30,4%) 50,2% 502 50 2 (50,2% 46,2% 462 46 (46,2% letais CONCLUSÕES performance associamse associam se (FTR 3-4 1 66,7 6 (66,7 33,3 (33,3 p=0,008 p000 00 (p=0,00 p00 p<0,0 p=0,021 p002 02 (p=0,02 p=0,002 p=0,033 p003 03 (p=0,03 40.0 (40. 30,4 50,2 5 (50,2 46,2 (46,2 3- 66, (66, 33, (33, p=0,00 (p=0,0 p0 p<0, p=0,02 p=0,03 40. (40 30, 50, (50, 46, (46, (66 (33 p=0,0 (p=0, p<0 (4 (50 (46 (6 (3 p=0, (p=0 p< ( (5 p=0 (p= p= (p

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) is associated with less blood loss and faster functional recovery. However, the benefits of robotic assisted distal pancreatectomy (RDP) over laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) are unknown. AIMS: To compare RDP versus LDP for surgical treatment of benign lesions, pre-malignant and borderline malignant pancreatic neoplasias. METHODS: This is a retrospective study comparing LDP with RDP. Main outcomes were overall morbidity and overall costs. Secondary outcomes were pancreatic fistula (PF), infectious complications, readmission, operative time (OT) and length of hospital stay (LOS). RESULTS: Thirty patients submitted to LDP and 29 submitted to RDP were included in the study. There was no difference regarding preoperative characteristics. There was no difference regarding overall complications (RDP – 72,4% versus LDP – 80%, p=0,49). Costs were superior for patients submitted to RDP (RDP=US$ 6,688 versus LDP=US$ 6,149, p=0,02), mostly due to higher costs of surgical materials (RDP=US$ 2,364 versus LDP=1,421, p=0,00005). Twenty-one patients submitted to RDP and 24 to LDP developed pancreatic fistula (PF), but only 4 RDP and 7 LDP experienced infectious complications associated with PF. OT (RDP=224 min. versus LDP=213 min., p=0.36) was similar, as well as conversion to open procedure (1 RDP and 2 LDP). CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative morbidity of robotic distal pancreatectomy is comparable to laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. However, the costs of robotic distal pancreatectomy are slightly higher. BACKGROUND MIDP (MIDP recovery However (LDP unknown AIMS lesions premalignant pre neoplasias METHODS PF, PF , (PF) readmission (OT LOS. LOS . (LOS) RESULTS characteristics 724 72 72,4 80 80% p=0,49. p049 p p=0,49 0 49 p=0,49) RDP=US$ RDPUS US (RDP=US 6688 6 688 6,68 LDPUS LDP=US 6149 149 6,149 p=0,02, p002 p=0,02 02 p=0,02) 2364 364 2,36 LDP1421 1 421 LDP=1,421 p=0,00005. p000005 p=0,00005 00005 p=0,00005) Twentyone Twenty one RDP=224 RDP224 224 (RDP=22 min LDP213 213 LDP=21 p=0.36 p036 36 similar ( LDP. LDP) CONCLUSIONS (PF (LOS 72, 8 p04 p=0,4 RDP=US 668 68 6,6 614 14 6,14 p00 p=0,0 236 2,3 LDP142 42 LDP=1,42 p00000 p=0,0000 0000 RDP=22 RDP22 22 (RDP=2 LDP21 21 LDP=2 p=0.3 p03 3 p0 p=0, 66 6, 61 6,1 23 2, LDP14 LDP=1,4 p0000 p=0,000 000 RDP=2 RDP2 (RDP= LDP2 LDP= p=0. p=0 LDP1 LDP=1, p000 p=0,00 00 RDP= p= LDP=1

RESUMO RACIONAL: A pancreatectomia distal minimamente invasiva (PDMI) está associada a menos perda sanguínea e recuperação funcional mais rápida, no entanto, os benefícios da pancreatectomia distal robótica (PDR) são desconhecidos quando comparada a pancreatectomia distal laparoscópica (PDL). OBJETIVOS: Comparar PDR versus PDL no tratamento cirúrgico de lesões benignas, neoplasias pancreáticas malignas, pré-malignas e limítrofes. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo comparando PDL com PDR. Os desfechos primários avaliados foram morbidade e custos hospitalares. Os desfechos secundários foram fístula pancreática (FP), complicações infecciosas, readmissão, tempo cirúrgico e tempo de internação hospitalar (TIH). RESULTADOS: Trinta pacientes submetidos a PDL e 29 submetidos a PDR foram incluídos no estudo. Não houve diferença em relação às características pré-operatórias. Não houve diferença em relação às complicações gerais (PDL – 72,4% versus PRD – 80%, p=0,49). Os custos foram superiores para PDR (PDR=US$ 6688 versus PDL=US$ 6149, p=0,02), principalmente devido aos custos mais elevados de materiais cirúrgicos (PDR=US$ 2364 versus PDL=1421, p=0,00005). Vinte e um pacientes submetidos a PDR e 24 submetidos a PDL desenvolveram fístula pancreática (PF), no entanto, apenas 4 submetidos PDR e 7 a PDL apresentaram complicações infecciosas associadas a FP. O tempo cirúrgico (PDR=224 min. versus PDL=213 min., p=0,36) e a conversão para cirurgia aberta (1 PDR e 2 PDL) não tiveram diferença estatística. CONCLUSÕES: A morbidade pós operatória da pancreatectomia distal robótica é comparável à pancreatectomia distal laparoscópica. Entretando, os custos da pancreatectomia distal robótica são mais elevados. RACIONAL PDMI (PDMI rápida entanto (PDR PDL. . (PDL) OBJETIVOS benignas malignas prémalignas pré limítrofes MÉTODOS hospitalares FP, FP , (FP) readmissão TIH. TIH (TIH) RESULTADOS estudo préoperatórias. préoperatórias operatórias. operatórias pré-operatórias 724 72 72,4 80 80% p=0,49. p049 p p=0,49 0 49 p=0,49) PDR=US$ PDRUS US (PDR=US 668 PDLUS PDL=US 6149 p=0,02, p002 p=0,02 02 p=0,02) 236 PDL1421 1421 PDL=1421 p=0,00005. p000005 p=0,00005 00005 p=0,00005) PF, PF (PF) PDR=224 PDR224 224 (PDR=22 min PDL213 213 PDL=21 p=0,36 p036 36 1 ( estatística CONCLUSÕES Entretando (FP (TIH 72, 8 p04 p=0,4 PDR=US 66 614 p00 p=0,0 23 PDL142 142 PDL=142 p00000 p=0,0000 0000 (PF PDR=22 PDR22 22 (PDR=2 PDL21 21 PDL=2 p=0,3 p03 3 p0 p=0, 6 61 PDL14 14 PDL=14 p0000 p=0,000 000 PDR=2 PDR2 (PDR= PDL2 PDL= p=0 PDL1 PDL=1 p000 p=0,00 00 PDR= p=

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hematological recurrence is the second most frequent cause of failure in the treatment of gastric cancer. The detection of circulating tumor markers in peripheral blood by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method may be a useful tool to predict recurrence and determine the patient’s prognosis. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the association between the tumor markers level in peripheral blood and its impact on patient survival. AIMS: To evaluate the expression of the circulating tumor markers CK20 and MUC1 in peripheral blood samples from patients with gastric cancer by qRT-PCR, and to verify the association of their expression levels with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. METHODS: A total of 31 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were prospectively included in this study. CK20 and MUC1 expression levels were analyzed from peripheral blood by the qRT-PCR technique. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant (p>0.05) association between CK20 expression levels and clinical, pathological, and surgical features. Higher MUC1 expression levels were associated with female patients (p=0.01). There was a correlation between both gene levels (R=0.81, p<0.001), and CK20 level and tumor size (R=0.39, p=0.034). CONCLUSIONS: CK20 and MUC1 expression levels could be assessed by qRT-PCR from total peripheral blood samples of patients with gastric cancer. CK20 levels were correlated to MUC1 levels as well as to tumor size. There was no difference in disease-free survival and overall survival regarding both genetic markers expression in this series. BACKGROUND qRTPCR qRT PCR (qRT-PCR s prognosis However AIMS CK CK2 MUC qRTPCR, PCR, METHODS 3 study technique RESULTS p>0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p>0.05 clinical pathological features p=0.01. p001 p=0.01 . 01 (p=0.01) R=0.81, R081 R 81 (R=0.81 p<0.001, p0001 p<0.001 , 001 p<0.001) R=0.39, R039 39 (R=0.39 p=0.034. p0034 p=0.034 034 p=0.034) CONCLUSIONS diseasefree disease free series p>0.0 p00 (p>0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.01 R=0.81 R08 8 (R=0.8 p000 p<0.00 00 R=0.39 R03 (R=0.3 p003 p=0.03 03 p>0. p0 (p>0. p=0. (p=0.0 R=0.8 R0 (R=0. p<0.0 R=0.3 p>0 (p>0 p=0 (p=0. R=0. (R=0 p<0. p> (p> p= (p=0 R=0 (R= p<0 (p (p= R= (R p<

RESUMO RACIONAL: A recorrência hematológica é a segunda causa mais frequente de falha no tratamento do câncer gástrico. A detecção de marcadores tumorais circulantes no sangue periférico, pelo método de reação em cadeia da polimerase de transcrição reversa quantitativa (qRT-PCR) pode ser uma ferramenta útil para prever a recorrência e determinar o prognóstico do paciente. No entanto, ainda não foi alcançado consenso em relação à associação entre o nível de marcadores tumorais circulantes no sangue periférico e seu impacto na sobrevida do paciente. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a expressão de CK20 e MUC1 em amostras de sangue periférico de pacientes com câncer gástrico por meio de qRT-PCR e verificar a associação dos níveis de expressão com características clinicopatológicas e sobrevida. MÉTODOS: Trinta e um pacientes com adenocarcinoma gástrico foram incluídos, prospectivamente. Os níveis de expressão de CK20 e MUC1 foram analisados a partir de sangue periférico por meio de qRT-PCR. RESULTADOS: Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05) entre os níveis de expressão de CK20 com características clínicas, patológicas e cirúrgicas. Níveis mais elevados de expressão de MUC1 estavam associados a pacientes do sexo feminino (p=0,01). Houve correlação entre os níveis de ambos os genes (R=0,81, p<0,001), nível de CK20 e tamanho do tumor (R=0,39, p=0,034). CONCLUSÕES: Os níveis de CK20 e MUC1 podem ser avaliados por qRT-PCR a partir de amostras de sangue periférico total de pacientes com câncer gástrico, os níveis de CK20 estavam correlacionados com os de MUC1, assim como tamanho do tumor. Não houve diferença de sobrevida global ou livre de doença em relação à expressão de ambos marcadores genéticos nesta série. RACIONAL qRTPCR qRT PCR (qRT-PCR paciente entanto OBJETIVOS CK CK2 MUC MÉTODOS incluídos prospectivamente qRTPCR. PCR. RESULTADOS p>0,05 p005 p 0 05 (p>0,05 clínicas cirúrgicas p=0,01. p001 p=0,01 . 01 (p=0,01) R=0,81, R081 R 81 (R=0,81 p<0,001, p0001 p<0,001 , 001 p<0,001) R=0,39, R039 39 (R=0,39 p=0,034. p0034 p=0,034 034 p=0,034) CONCLUSÕES série p>0,0 p00 (p>0,0 p=0,0 (p=0,01 R=0,81 R08 8 (R=0,8 p000 p<0,00 00 R=0,39 R03 3 (R=0,3 p003 p=0,03 03 p>0, p0 (p>0, p=0, (p=0,0 R=0,8 R0 (R=0, p<0,0 R=0,3 p>0 (p>0 p=0 (p=0, R=0, (R=0 p<0, p> (p> p= (p=0 R=0 (R= p<0 (p (p= R= (R p<