Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mast cell markers toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase and presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam. Nineteen specimens of OLP, OLLC, and healthy oral mucosa were selected. Mononuclear inflammatory cells were analyzed. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using toluidine blue, anti-c-kit and anti-tryptase reagents, and the results were quantified in areas A and B of connective tissue. Mast cells of all OLP and OLLC samples were positive for toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase. The density of toluidine blue+, c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells was higher in tissue with OLP and OLLC compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). No difference was noted in mast cells density between OLP and OLLC (p > 0.05). The density of tryptase+ mast cells was higher in the subepithelial region (area A) than the region below it (Area B) in OLLC (p = 0.047). The mononuclear inflammatory cell density was higher in OLLC compared to OLP, but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). A positive statistical correlation was found between mononuclear immune cells and density of c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells in OLP (r = 0.943 and r = 0.886, respectively). Our data demonstrate that the etiopathogenesis process of OLP and OLLC modulates the expansion and degranulation of mast cells; mast cells density, however, was similar between OLP and OLLC. The distribution of mast cells appears to vary along the lamina propria. blue ckit, ckit c kit, kit c-kit (OLP amalgam selected analyzed antickit anti antitryptase reagents blue+ ckit+ kit+ p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) area Area 0.047. 0047 0.047 047 0.047) 0943 943 0.94 0886 886 0.886 respectively. respectively respectively) however propria 00 0.0 004 0.04 04 094 94 0.9 088 88 0.88 0. 09 9 08 8 0.8

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cooling systems by negative pressure versus directed ducts on the performance of lactating sows and their litter. The experiment was conducted in a tropical climatic region in Brazil. Ninety-four lactating sows during 26.2±1.7 days of lactation were included with their 1,236 piglets. Sows were distributed using a completely randomized block design into two treatments: a negative pressure cooling (NPC) system and a directed duct cooling (DDC) system. We adopted sow parity as blocking criterion. During the experimental period, environmental temperatures inside the farrowing rooms were 22.9±1.5 and 25.4±2.5 °C, respectively, using the NPC and DDC systems. Sow daily feed intake, litter weight at weaning, piglet weight at weaning, litter daily weight gain, piglet daily gain, and daily milk production per sow were greater in the NPC system than in the DDC system. The type of cooling system did not affect piglet weight after standardization, mortality, number of piglets weaned per sow, and estrus return. The use of an NPC system can reduce the effects of higher environmental temperatures better than the DDC system. The NPC system allowed for greater feed intake, piglet and litter weight gain, weight of piglets and litter at weaning, and milk production compared with the DDC system.

ABSTRACT Growth performance, organ biometrics, bone characteristics, and intestinal morphometry were evaluated in broilers fed a diet containing orange (Citrus sinensis L.) essential oil. A completely randomized design was used, with five treatments with orange essential oil (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg kg−1 diet) and six replications with 20 birds per experimental unit. In the pre-starter phase, feed intake and weight gain of all birds linearly increased, while feed conversion decreased with the addition of orange essential oil in the feed. At day 21, bone density (Seedor Index) and body weight were higher in the birds that received the maximum level of essential oil (400 mg kg−1) compared with those not treated with essential oil. The observed effects resulted from the better functioning of the physiological mechanisms of digestion and absorption of nutrients, characterized by the increase in villus height. Glycemia and weights of gastrointestinal tract organs of broilers at 21 days of age were not influenced by the evaluated essential oil. The results show that the addition of phytogenic additives to the diet does not cause any physiological impairment in birds.

Resumo Nos quarenta dias em que esteve no Ceará a serviço da Estrada de Ferro de Baturité, Francisco Saturnino Rodrigues de Brito mapeou o território e relatou seu parecer sobre o melhor percurso para o prolongamento dessa ferrovia, que deveria atravessar as terras cearenses e chegar até as margens do rio São Francisco, em Pernambuco. Nessa documentação, o engenheiro, convencido de sua obrigação para com a pátria brasileira e o progresso do país, definiu as marcas para a produção de um território moderno, que aliasse o Ceará à rapidez e eficiência dos moldes europeus ocidentais. Suas colocações, via de regra, apresentaram um olhar preconceituoso sobre a realidade observada, classificando o diferente como desigual e inferior. Trata-se de farta documentação a partir da qual é possível refletir sobre os projetos de modernização para o Brasil do final do século XIX e início do XX.

Abstract In the forty days he was in Ceará, Brazil, at the service of the Baturité Railway, Francisco Saturnino Rodrigues de Brito mapped the territory and reported an opinion on the best route for the extension of said railroad, which should cross Ceará lands and reach the banks of the São Francisco river, in Pernambuco. In this documentation, the engineer, convinced of his obligation to the Brazilian nation and the country’s progress, defined the marks for the production of a modern territory, which would ally Ceará to the speed and efficiency of the Western European molds. His affirmations, as a rule, presented a prejudiced look on the reality he observed, classifying anything different as uneven and inferior. This is a plentiful documentation from which it is possible to reflect on the modernization projects for Brazil of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Conduziu-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de energia líquida na dieta de suínos machos castrados em terminação. Foram utilizados 100 suínos, com peso inicial de 73,60±4,80kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco níveis de energia líquida (2.300, 2.425, 2.550, 2.675 e 2.800kcal kg-1 de dieta), dez repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os níveis de energia líquida foram obtidos através da inclusão crescente de óleo de soja em substituição ao caulim. Houve redução (P<0,05) no consumo de ração diário, consumo de lisina e consumo de proteína bruta e melhora da conversão alimentar com o aumento dos níveis de energia líquida das dietas. O melhor nível de energia líquida para suínos machos castrados em terminação é de 2.800kcal kg-1 de dieta, pois promove redução no consumo de ração diário (P<0,05) e melhora a conversão alimentar (P<0,05), sem alterar o ganho de peso e as características de carcaça

This study was carried out to evaluated levels of net energy in the diet of finishing barrows. Were used 100 swines with an initial body weight of 73.60±4.80kg, distributed in a randomized block design, with five levels of net energy (2,300; 2,425; 2,550; 2,675 and 2,800kcal kg-1 of diet), ten replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The net energy levels were obtained by replacement of soybean oil to replace kaolin. There was a reduction in feed intake, of lysine and crude protein intake and improves feed conversion with increasing levels of net energy diets. The best level of net energy for finishing barrows is 2,800kcal kg-1 of diet as it foment reduction in feed intake and improves feed conversion without changing the weight gain and carcass characteristics