Abstract Elderly women are more susceptible to the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Among these, diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) stand out. This work aimed to carry out an expanded study on the interactions of anthropometric, biochemical and inflammatory parameters associated with the risk of severity in elderly women with hypertension and diabetes. The study involved the evaluation of 126 elderly women with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The women were divided according disease severity (low, moderate, high and very high). Anthropometric data were collected by bioimpedance analysis. The inflammatory and biochemical data were obtained from volunteer blood samples. Waist circumference, waist circumference/height ratio, and systolic and diastolic pressures increased with severity. Biochemical marker levels increased with risk of severity, except HDLc. In the very high risk group, there was a higher IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α production, however, lower IL-10 levels were observed. The very high risk group showed change values for the IL-10/IL-1β, IL-10/IL-17 and IL-10/TNF-α ratios. The results showed to be extensively altered in the very high risk group, where the inflammatory profile loses its responsiveness. This is the first study that shows an expanded view of the different parameters evaluated in elderly women with hypertension and diabetes. noncommunicable non communicable diseases these DM (DM SAH (SAH anthropometric 12 low, low (low moderate high. . high) analysis samples circumference circumferenceheight height ratio HDLc IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β IFNγ IFN γ TNFα TNF α production however IL10 10 IL-1 observed IL10/IL1β, IL10IL1β ILILβ 10/IL IL-10/IL-1β IL10/IL17 IL10IL17 ILIL 17 IL-10/IL-1 IL10/TNFα IL10TNFα ILTNFα 10/TNF ratios responsiveness 1 IL1 IL- IL10/IL1β 10IL IL17 IL10/IL1 IL10IL1 IL-10/IL- 10TNF IL10/IL IL10IL IL-10/IL

Abstract Regular exercise is beneficial to health. This study evaluated the effects of moderate and intense physical exercise modalities on intradermal infection by Staphylococcus aureus in a murine model. Mice that practiced moderate exercise had lower bacterial load on lymph nodes and less inflammatory infiltrate in dermis. They presented greater weight, however, less amount of epididymal fat: the weight was increased while they had fat diminished. A positive correlation was observed between lipid content and bacterial load in mice trained at moderate intensity. Animals that were under high intensity exercises presented superior bacterial load on the lymph nodes, increased neutrophil count and circulating lymphocytes, and had leukocyte recruitment to the dermis augmented, when compared to the ones in moderate exercise. These findings suggest that moderate physical activity modulates the immune response in dermal infection caused by S. aureus in a murine model.

Abstract Background Stroke management require rapid identification, assessment, and transport of patients to qualified health care centers. However, there is little description in the literature on the multiple challenges associated with the pre-hospital transport of suspected stroke patients. Objective To characterize the pre-hospital care provided to suspected stroke patients by the Brazilian Emergency Medical Service (SAMU in Portuguese), by means of a descriptive case study. Methods This is a descriptive study of a series of cases. Data from the SAMU regarding the responses to emergency calls from suspected stroke patients were collected. Independent reviewers confirmed the diagnostic hypothesis and all discordances were assessed using kappa statistics. Clinical data and transport times were described as frequency and proportion or central tendency and dispersion measures. Normality of continuous variable distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of medians, with a 5% significance level. Results During the studied period, 556 suspected stroke patients were treated. The kappa index was 0.82 (95% CI 0.737 to 0.919) CI. In 74.7% of the cases, the symptom onset time was not recorded. The median time elapsed between the call for emergency services and the ambulance arrival was 18 minutes, and the median transport time was 38 minutes. A total of 34% of the patients were taken to referral hospitals for stroke. Conclusion This study revealed a low level of knowledge regarding the need to determine the exact time of symptom onset of suspected stroke patients. Also, the study showed the low rate of patients taken to referral hospitals. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compose the two major noncommunicable chronic inflammatory diseases. Physical activity has been shown as a promising complementary approach to control the systemic inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether this modulation is gender-dependent. The objective of this study was evaluate the gender-related influence of physical activity on the inflammatory response and biochemical profile of individuals with SAH and T2DM. An international physical activity questionnaire was applied to 376 individuals diagnosed with SAH and T2DM in order to access their exercises routine and was evaluated the influence of physical activity in biochemical, anthropometrical, and immunological markers involved in these disorders in men and women. Even though active individuals have exhibited lower serum levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A, the ratios between IL-10 and all inflammatory cytokines were higher in men than in women. Physically active individuals also demonstrated increased HDL/LDL and HDL/VLDL ratios. Moreover, multiple correlations revealed that in active women both IL-10 and TNF-α serum levels positively correlate with fasting glucose levels, and were negatively associated with HDL levels. Our findings suggest that gender-related differences dictate a distinct crosstalk between inflammatory and biochemical markers in physically active individuals.

RESUMO A doença de Chagas, causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, possui uma ampla distribuição na América do Sul, e tem como principal método de controle a eliminação de triatomíneos. Apresenta-se aqui a distribuição geográfica e a taxa de infecção natural por T. cruzi de triatomíneos coletados e avaliados de 2008 a 2013, no sudoeste da Bahia. Os triatomíneos foram capturados nas áreas intradomiciliares e peridomiciliares de cinco cidades localizadas no sudoeste da Bahia, identificados e analisados quanto à presença de tripanossomatídeos em suas fezes. Durante o período de estudo o número de pacientes com suspeita de doença de Chagas aguda foi recuperado a partir do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). 8966 triatomíneos foram capturados e identificados como pertencentes a oito espécies. Vinte e seis apresentaram-se infectados, sendo Triatoma sordida o que mostrou maior percentagem de infecção pelo T. cruzi. Tremedal foi a cidade com o maior número de casos de doença de Chagas aguda relatado pelo SINAN. Todas as cidades apresentaram triatomíneos infectados com o T. cruzi, por isso, existe um risco considerável de transmissão vetorial da doença de Chagas no sudoeste da Bahia, evidenciando a necessidade de programas de controle de vetores de transmissão e medidas de vigilância preventiva.

ABSTRACT Chagas disease, caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi, has a wide distribution in South America, and its main method of control is the elimination of triatomines. It is presented here the geographic distribution and the rate of natural infection by T. cruzi of triatomines collected and evaluated from 2008 to 2013 in southwest of Bahia. Triatomines were captured in the intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary areas of five cities located in the southwest of Bahia state, identified, and analyzed for the presence of trypanosomatids in their feces. During the study period the number of patients suspected for acute Chagas disease was recovered from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). 8966 triatomines were captured and identified as belonging to eight species. Twenty-six presented themselves infected, being Triatoma sordida the most abundant and with the highest percentage of infection by T. cruzi. Tremedal was the city with the highest number of cases of acute Chagas' disease reported to SINAN. All cities showed triatomines infected with T. cruzi, so there is considerable risk of vectorial transmission of Chagas disease in the southwestern Bahia state, evidencing the need for vector transmission control programs and preventive surveillance measures.

RESUMO As vias de acesso traqueopulmonar vêm sendo utilizadas em diversos modelos experimentais que estudam a ação de fármacos e agentes infecciosos, além de enfermidades. Tendo em vista a sua importância e as dificuldades associadas, o presente artigo de atualização propõe-se a dar ao pesquisador as informações necessárias para o emprego das técnicas de acesso traqueopulmonar em pequenos roedores.

ABSTRACT The tracheal pulmonary route is used in diverse experimental models for the study of drugs, infectious agents, and diseases. In view of its importance and associated difficulties, the present article proposes to give research groups up-to-date information on techniques to access the tracheal pulmonary pathway of small rodents.