Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass residues can generate interesting materials for the chemical and food industries. Physical activation processes were developed by cold pressing and slow pyrolysis, as well as physical chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2), to produce bio-based products, including bio-oil (30%) and biochar (31%), with good yields. Charcoal and biooil provided good results, respectively, with regard to adsorption capacity (357 m2 g-1 of surface area BET) and the possibility of extracting chemical compounds (phenols with 45.81% and aldehydes with 32.76%). Moreover, the key economic performance indicators of the process were analyzed, and the results indicate that the proposed process is economically feasible and attractive with $422,416.10 profits. Finally, after dialoguing with the babassu nut breakers and understanding their needs, the feasibility of economically developing the contacted families through technology transfer for extracting the oil, cake, biochar, and bio-oil from babassu coconuts was studied, demonstrating the possibility of income generation based on the profitability achieved in this study. industries pyrolysis ZnCl2, ZnCl2 ZnCl , (ZnCl2) biobased bio products oil 30% 30 (30% 31%, 31 31% (31%) yields respectively 357 (35 m g1 g 1 g- BET phenols 4581 45 81 45.81 32.76%. 3276 32.76% . 32 76 32.76%) Moreover analyzed 42241610 422 416 10 $422,416.1 profits Finally needs cake studied study (ZnCl2 3 (30 (31% 35 (3 458 4 8 45.8 327 32.76 7 4224161 42 41 $422,416. (ZnCl (31 ( 45. 32.7 422416 $422,416 32. 42241 $422,41 4224 $422,4 $422, $422 $42 $4 $

Abstract Lignocellulosic waste is a valuable source of energy, fuels, and raw materials for the chemical industry. In this study, the potential of cupuaçu husks, derivative from a typical fruit of the Brazilian Amazon, was evaluated. Therefore, biomass was submitted to acid hydrolysis and pyrolysis, and the contents of sugars, by-products, bio-oil compounds, and bio-oil theoretical energy potential were determined. X-ray diffraction, High performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyzes were used. The hydrolysate has considerable sugar levels (31.7%) and presence of relevant by-products including furfural, levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural. Bio-oil contained a variety of phenolic compounds, and its theoretical energy potential suggested usability of cupuaçu husks for energy generation. Economic analysis showed that commercialization of bioproducts obtained by biomass hydrolysis and pyrolysis could be highly profitable. These outcomes indicate a range of applications for cupuaçu husks in biorefinery processes and potential to promote sustainability and social development.

Abstract In the current search for renewable energy sources, residual biomass has been highlighted as a potential source of chemical compounds that are currently obtained from petroleum. Among the derivatives obtained from this, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural are considered key parts in this process as they are key compounds in the fine chemical industry. This work aims at the use of the rice husks and soybean peel for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural using the ionic liquid [BMIM][Br]. The physical pre-treatment of biomasses was carried out followed by acid hydrolysis. For the synthesis of the furanic compounds, different temperatures and reaction times were used. The products obtained in each step were analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry and by high performance liquid chromatography. The best yields for rice husks was obtained with 4 hours of reaction at 120 °C (34%) and for soy peel with 3 hours of reaction at 120 °C (59%), for furfural production. For 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production the yields were 8.7% and 3.4% for rice and soy husks, respectively. It was found that glucose was the main group related to bio-products obtaining.

Abstract The real-time prediction in biorefinery industries has become essential. Models using partial least square regression (PLS) were developed to predict moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon and organic matter of coconut and coffee residues. In this study, 49 samples were collected and near infrared spectroscopy were applied to predict moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon and organic matter. For external validation 25% of the set samples were used. Moisture and volatile matter were predicted with coefficients of determination (R2cal) above 0.90, and standard errors (RSD) of the estimate of 14.4% and 2.26%, respectively. Models of ash and organic matter show R2cal > 0.77 and RSD values < 20.4%. For the external validation, the low deviations show the approximation between reference and predicted values and good prediction with R2pred > 0.70. All calibration models were acceptable for sample screening. This study demonstrates that PLS can be used to predict biomass composition of different species, with very low costs and time.

Abstract In search for renewable energy sources, the Brazilian residual biomasses stand out due to their favorable physical and chemical properties, low cost, and their being less pollutant. Therefore, they are likely to be used in biorefineries in the production of chemical inputs to substitute fossil fuels. This substitution is possible due to the high contents of carbohydrates (>40%), low contents of extractives (<20%), ashes (<8%) and moisture (<8%) found in these residual biomasses. High calorific values of all residues also offer them the chance to be used in combustion. A principal components analysis (PCA) was performed for better understanding of the samples and their hysic-chemical properties. Thus, this study aimed to characterize biomasses from the north (babassu residues, such as mesocarp and endocarp; pequi and Brazil nut) and northeast (agave and coconut) regions of Brazil, in order to contribute to the preservation of the environment and strengthen the economy of the region.