ABSTRACT: Dysgeusia is understood as changes in the perception of taste in patients infected with COVID-19 and has been frequently observed in the early stages of the disease. Along with the causes of dysgeusia, we can mention the correlation with infectious conditions, being of importance for the differential diagnosis. Dysgeusia can be considered one of the first manifestations of COVID-19, being an important contribution in the search for solutions regarding early diagnosis and treatment, in addition to its hospital and laboratory application.

RESUMEN: La disgeusia se entiende como cambios en la percepción del gusto en pacientes infectados por COVID-19 y se ha observado con frecuencia en las primeras etapas de la enfermedad. Junto a las causas de la disgeusia, podemos mencionar la correlación con patologías infecciosas, siendo de importancia para el diagnóstico diferencial. La disgeusia se puede considerar como una de las primeras manifestaciones del COVID-19, siendo un aporte importante en la búsqueda de soluciones en cuanto al diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces, además de su aplicación hospitalaria y de laboratorio.

RESUMO O arcabouço jurídico-legal que estruturou o Sistema Único de Saúde influenciou significativamente a evolução da saúde bucal coletiva, no entanto, seu acesso ainda constitui um dos principais desafios da gestão dos sistemas de saúde. À luz dos direitos humanos, o direito à saúde bucal é um direito indissociável da saúde geral. Objetivou-se analisar a judicialização de demandas odontológicas fundamentadas no direito à saúde previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, realizado em base de dados secundários, obtidos nos acórdãos de segunda instância do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, de janeiro de 2016 a abril de 2019. Os resultados foram categorizados e analisados por estatística descritiva. As ações judiciais relativas à odontologia buscam, principalmente: indenizações por danos morais e materiais – 336 acórdãos (65%); indenização pela má qualidade da prestação de serviços odontológicos – 114 acórdãos (22%); e negativa de cobertura de procedimento e/ou materiais, por planos de saúde – 63 acórdãos (13%). As ações por erro odontológico aumentaram 305%, passando de 22 acórdãos, em 2016, para 99, em 2018. Conclui-se que as demandas judiciais referentes à odontologia estão mais voltadas às indenizações materiais e morais da prestação de serviços do que ao acesso e à efetivação de direitos constitucionais à saúde bucal.

ABSTRACT The legal-regulatory framework that structured the Unified Health System significantly influenced the evolution of collective oral health, however, access is still one of the main challenges of health systems management. In the light of human rights, the right to oral health is an inseparable right of general health. The objective of this research was to analyze the judicialization of dental demands based on the right to health provided for in the 1988 Federal Constitution. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, carried out in secondary database, obtained in the court decision of the second instance of the Court of Justice of São Paulo, from January 2016 to April 2019. The results were categorized and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The lawsuits related to Dentistry seek, mainly: indemnity for moral and material damages – 336 court decision (65%), indemnity for poor quality of dental services – 114 court decisions (22%), and negative procedural and/or material coverage. by health insurance – 63 court decisions (13%). Lawsuits for dental error increased by 305% from 22 court decision, in 2016, to 99 court decision, in 2018. It is concluded that the judicial demands in the dental area are more focused on the material and moral indemnities of the provision of dental services than for access and enforcement of constitutional rights to oral health.

RESUMO O arcabouço jurídico-legal que estruturou o Sistema Único de Saúde influenciou significativamente a evolução da saúde bucal coletiva, no entanto, seu acesso ainda constitui um dos principais desafios da gestão dos sistemas de saúde. À luz dos direitos humanos, o direito à saúde bucal é um direito indissociável da saúde geral. Objetivou-se analisar a judicialização de demandas odontológicas fundamentadas no direito à saúde previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, realizado em base de dados secundários, obtidos nos acórdãos de segunda instância do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, de janeiro de 2016 a abril de 2019. Os resultados foram categorizados e analisados por estatística descritiva. As ações judiciais relativas à odontologia buscam, principalmente: indenizações por danos morais e materiais – 336 acórdãos (65%); indenização pela má qualidade da prestação de serviços odontológicos – 114 acórdãos (22%); e negativa de cobertura de procedimento e/ou materiais, por planos de saúde – 63 acórdãos (13%). As ações por erro odontológico aumentaram 305%, passando de 22 acórdãos, em 2016, para 99, em 2018. Conclui-se que as demandas judiciais referentes à odontologia estão mais voltadas às indenizações materiais e morais da prestação de serviços do que ao acesso e à efetivação de direitos constitucionais à saúde bucal.

ABSTRACT The legal-regulatory framework that structured the Unified Health System significantly influenced the evolution of collective oral health, however, access is still one of the main challenges of health systems management. In the light of human rights, the right to oral health is an inseparable right of general health. The objective of this research was to analyze the judicialization of dental demands based on the right to health provided for in the 1988 Federal Constitution. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, carried out in secondary database, obtained in the court decision of the second instance of the Court of Justice of São Paulo, from January 2016 to April 2019. The results were categorized and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The lawsuits related to Dentistry seek, mainly: indemnity for moral and material damages – 336 court decision (65%), indemnity for poor quality of dental services – 114 court decisions (22%), and negative procedural and/or material coverage. by health insurance – 63 court decisions (13%). Lawsuits for dental error increased by 305% from 22 court decision, in 2016, to 99 court decision, in 2018. It is concluded that the judicial demands in the dental area are more focused on the material and moral indemnities of the provision of dental services than for access and enforcement of constitutional rights to oral health.

No Brasil, o direito à saúde tem previsão constitucional e universal. No entanto, a via judicial tem sido muito utilizada para acesso a bens e serviços de saúde. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi revisar a literatura sobre a judicialização da saúde entre 2004 e 2017. A partir de pergunta estruturada, foram revisadas as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus e Bireme/BVS. A maioria das ações refere-se a medicamentos. Houve consenso quanto à característica individual das litigações, à preponderância da prescrição médica e à constitucionalidade da saúde integral. Há divergências em relação a possíveis interferências das decisões judiciais na gestão e na efetivação das políticas públicas e do direito à saúde. Estudos apontam falhas na gestão e disfunções nos sistemas de saúde. Os perfis das demandas de saúde levados à justiça podem auxiliar os gestores de saúde na reorientação das práticas assistenciais.

In Brazil, the right to health has a constitutional and universal provision. However, litigations have been frequently used to guarantee access to health goods and services. The objective of this study is to review the literature about judicialization of health from 2004 to 2017. Based on a structured question, the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus and BIREME/BVS were reviewed. The majority of lawsuits refers to medications. There was a consensus concerning the individual characteristic of the litigations, the preponderance of medical prescription, and the constitutionality of integral health. There are divergences regarding possible interferences of legal decisions in management and in the effectuation of public policies and of the right to health. Studies show management failures and dysfunctions in health systems. The profiles of health demands taken to the court can help health managers in the reorientation of care practices.

En Brasil, el derecho a la salud tiene previsión constitucional y universal. No obstante, la vía judicial se ha utilizado mucho para tener acceso a bienes y servicios de salud. El propósito del estudio fue revisar la literatura sobre la judicialización de la salud entre 2004 a 2017. A partir de una pregunta estructurada, se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus y BIREME/BVS. La mayoría de las acciones se refiere a medicamentos. Hubo consenso sobre la característica individual de los litigios, la preponderancia de la prescripción médica y la constitucionalidad de la salud integral. Hay divergencias sobre posibles interferencias de las decisiones judiciales en la gestión, en la realización efectiva de las políticas públicas y del derecho a la salud. Estudios señalan fallas en la gestión y disfunciones en los sistemas de salud. Los perfiles de las demandas de salud llevados ante los tribunales pueden auxiliar a los gestores de salud en la reorientación de las prácticas asistenciales.

No Brasil, o direito à saúde tem previsão constitucional e universal. No entanto, a via judicial tem sido muito utilizada para acesso a bens e serviços de saúde. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi revisar a literatura sobre a judicialização da saúde entre 2004 e 2017. A partir de pergunta estruturada, foram revisadas as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus e Bireme/BVS. A maioria das ações refere-se a medicamentos. Houve consenso quanto à característica individual das litigações, à preponderância da prescrição médica e à constitucionalidade da saúde integral. Há divergências em relação a possíveis interferências das decisões judiciais na gestão e na efetivação das políticas públicas e do direito à saúde. Estudos apontam falhas na gestão e disfunções nos sistemas de saúde. Os perfis das demandas de saúde levados à justiça podem auxiliar os gestores de saúde na reorientação das práticas assistenciais.

In Brazil, the right to health has a constitutional and universal provision. However, litigations have been frequently used to guarantee access to health goods and services. The objective of this study is to review the literature about judicialization of health from 2004 to 2017. Based on a structured question, the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus and BIREME/BVS were reviewed. The majority of lawsuits refers to medications. There was a consensus concerning the individual characteristic of the litigations, the preponderance of medical prescription, and the constitutionality of integral health. There are divergences regarding possible interferences of legal decisions in management and in the effectuation of public policies and of the right to health. Studies show management failures and dysfunctions in health systems. The profiles of health demands taken to the court can help health managers in the reorientation of care practices.

En Brasil, el derecho a la salud tiene previsión constitucional y universal. No obstante, la vía judicial se ha utilizado mucho para tener acceso a bienes y servicios de salud. El propósito del estudio fue revisar la literatura sobre la judicialización de la salud entre 2004 a 2017. A partir de una pregunta estructurada, se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus y BIREME/BVS. La mayoría de las acciones se refiere a medicamentos. Hubo consenso sobre la característica individual de los litigios, la preponderancia de la prescripción médica y la constitucionalidad de la salud integral. Hay divergencias sobre posibles interferencias de las decisiones judiciales en la gestión, en la realización efectiva de las políticas públicas y del derecho a la salud. Estudios señalan fallas en la gestión y disfunciones en los sistemas de salud. Los perfiles de las demandas de salud llevados ante los tribunales pueden auxiliar a los gestores de salud en la reorientación de las prácticas asistenciales.

Espera-se como objetivo deste estudo conhecer as percepções dos profissionais das equipes de Saúde da Família sobre a temática da gestão compartilhada. Foi realizado com base nos pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o método da Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática. O universo de estudo foi constituído de 25 trabalhadores das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) com equipes de saúde bucal. Os dados foram obtidos inicialmente por entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas em áudio e posteriormente transcritas. A análise temática revelou uma categoria: Percepções sobre gestão compartilhada, com os temas “Gestão descentralizada” e “Gestão centralizada” e seus respectivos subtemas. Concluiu-se que, para os trabalhadores, gestão compartilhada é um processo participativo. Eles valorizam a participação e a democracia nas equipes para que se possa trabalhar em uma proposta de gestão mais horizontal. Porém, foram apontados modelos de gestão verticalizados, centralizados no enfermeiro.

The objective of the present study was to understand the perceptions of professionals from family health teams regarding the subject of shared management. It was based on the theoretical framework of qualitative research, using the thematic modality of the content analysis method. The study sample was 25 employees from family health units with oral health teams. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, whose audios were transcribed. Thematic analysis revealed the thematic category perceptions regarding shared management, with the subjects decentralized and centralized management and their respective subthemes. It was concluded that the employees consider that shared management is a participative process. They value participation and democracy in teams, so it is possible to develop a more horizontal management model. However, the results pointed to a prevalence of vertical management models, focused on nurses.

Se espera, como objetivo de este estudio, conocer las percepciones de los profesionales de los equipos de salud de la familia sobre la temática de la gestión compartida. Se realizó con base en los supuestos teóricos de la investigación cualitativa, utilizando el método del Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad temática. El universo de estudio lo constituyeron 25 trabajadores de las Unidades de Salud de la Familia con equipos de salud bucal. Los datos se obtuvieron inicialmente por medio de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, grabadas en audio y con trascripción posterior. El análisis temático reveló una categoría temática: percepciones sobre gestión compartida, con los temas Gestión Descentralizada y Centralizada y sus correspondientes subtemas. Se concluyó que, para los trabajadores, gestión compartida es un proceso participativo. Ellos valoran la participación y la democracia en los equipos para que se pueda trabajar en una propuesta de gestión más horizontal. No obstante, se señalaron modelos de gestión verticalizados, centralizados en el enfermero.

Espera-se como objetivo deste estudo conhecer as percepções dos profissionais das equipes de Saúde da Família sobre a temática da gestão compartilhada. Foi realizado com base nos pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o método da Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática. O universo de estudo foi constituído de 25 trabalhadores das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) com equipes de saúde bucal. Os dados foram obtidos inicialmente por entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas em áudio e posteriormente transcritas. A análise temática revelou uma categoria: Percepções sobre gestão compartilhada, com os temas “Gestão descentralizada” e “Gestão centralizada” e seus respectivos subtemas. Concluiu-se que, para os trabalhadores, gestão compartilhada é um processo participativo. Eles valorizam a participação e a democracia nas equipes para que se possa trabalhar em uma proposta de gestão mais horizontal. Porém, foram apontados modelos de gestão verticalizados, centralizados no enfermeiro.

The objective of the present study was to understand the perceptions of professionals from family health teams regarding the subject of shared management. It was based on the theoretical framework of qualitative research, using the thematic modality of the content analysis method. The study sample was 25 employees from family health units with oral health teams. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, whose audios were transcribed. Thematic analysis revealed the thematic category perceptions regarding shared management, with the subjects decentralized and centralized management and their respective subthemes. It was concluded that the employees consider that shared management is a participative process. They value participation and democracy in teams, so it is possible to develop a more horizontal management model. However, the results pointed to a prevalence of vertical management models, focused on nurses.

Se espera, como objetivo de este estudio, conocer las percepciones de los profesionales de los equipos de salud de la familia sobre la temática de la gestión compartida. Se realizó con base en los supuestos teóricos de la investigación cualitativa, utilizando el método del Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad temática. El universo de estudio lo constituyeron 25 trabajadores de las Unidades de Salud de la Familia con equipos de salud bucal. Los datos se obtuvieron inicialmente por medio de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, grabadas en audio y con trascripción posterior. El análisis temático reveló una categoría temática: percepciones sobre gestión compartida, con los temas Gestión Descentralizada y Centralizada y sus correspondientes subtemas. Se concluyó que, para los trabajadores, gestión compartida es un proceso participativo. Ellos valoran la participación y la democracia en los equipos para que se pueda trabajar en una propuesta de gestión más horizontal. No obstante, se señalaron modelos de gestión verticalizados, centralizados en el enfermero.

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the oral health quality of the workers of a telemarketing company and their satisfaction with the dental treatments provided by the corporative dental insurance plan. Methods: Data collection was by an online intranet questionnaire on dental service providers from Uberlândia/MG and Campinas/SP. It was addressed to 6000 associates, with objective and subjective questions, comprising the level of the telemarketing operators' oral health, dental needs, satisfaction with dental care providers and the importance of having the laboral dental services provided by the company. Results: After analysis of the results, we observed that: 57.52% of the workers required improvement in their oral health and 56.03% mentioned prevention as the largest need, 66.70% use the dental providers' services, but only 31.34% were satisfied with them. Conclusions: The results underscore that the workers have an intermediate level of dental needs, with prevention as top importance. Additionally, establishment of a basic attention program inside the company would increase the satisfaction and adhesion indexes of providers and the workers' oral health.

<p>Jobs that require great responsibility can cause serious damage to the body such as stress and its consequences. Stress can be one of the triggers of disease systemic and oral diseases in different professionals. Aim: To associate emotional stress with the systemic and oral alterations in the nurses of public referral hospital. Methods: All 60 nurses of both genders, with higher education level, different ethnicities and ages were invited to join this study. Nurses filled out the Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL) and questionnaire of diseases/psychosomatic symptoms. Next, they were subjected to a stomatological examination of the oral cavity, according to the Boraks (1996) criteria. Stress was associated with most outstanding psychosomatic and oral variables by the Fisher's exact test for calculating the p value (0.05). Results: The sample was comprised of 37 nurses, most of them female (91.9%), young (83.7% are less than 36-years old), full range 22-50 years old, white ethnicity (86.5%). The level of stress in level II (resistance) and III (exhaustion) was observed in 51.3% of the nurses. Symptoms of headache and gain of body weight lately were present in 48.6% of the nurses. With regard to oral alterations, 32.4% reported cold sore sometimes and 59.5% nibbled mucosa always. There was no significant association between the stress and psychosomatic and oral variables. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study it may be concluded that the nursing profession can lead to emotional stress, although no significant association between stress and disease/psychosomatic and oral symptoms was found. Future studies should be performed to evaluate this association.</p>

<sec><title>Aim:</title><p>To determine the relationship between the chemical composition of saliva, periodontal disease and dental calculus.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with patients over 55 years of age. Ethical principles of autonomy and risk protection were applied according to the international standards. Sociodemographic and diagnosis variables (presence of dental calculus and periodontal status) were considered to measure salivary concentrations of glucose (by the glucose oxidase/peroxidase method, amylase (by the colorimetric test), urea (by the amount of indophenol), total protein (by the Bradford method) and albumin (by the nephelometric method). Patients chewed a sterile rubber band and 3 mL of stimulated saliva were collected. The samples were stored at -5 °C, centrifuged at 2,800 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was removed and stored at -20 °C. Data were presented as frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables. Data were analyzed by either analysis of variance or Kruskal Wallis test . A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Significant relationships were observed between the concentration of salivary urea and periodontal status (p = 0.03) and the presence of dental calculus and urea (p = 0.04) was demonstrated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>A relationship between the salivary urea concentration and the presence of periodontal disease and dental calculus is suggested.</p></sec>

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e a freqüência de periodontite apical e de tratamentos endodônticos em 450 idosos brasileiros institucionalizados. Os dentes com periodontite apical foram avaliados com uso do Índice Periapical (PAI). Um total de 942 dentes foram avaliados em 98 pacientes (57 mulheres; 41 homens), com média de idade de 74 anos. A freqüência observada do total de indivíduos desdentados foi alta (76%) nesta população. 126 dentes apresentaram tratamento endodôntico, destes apenas 46 (36,5%) foram classificados como de qualidade adequada. Periodontite apical foi encontrada em 114 dentes (12,1%) em 42 (42,9%) sujeitos. 80 (70,2%) dentes com tratamento endodôntico inadequado apresentaram periodontite apical. Houve uma correlação significativa entre a presença de patologia periapical e dentes com tratamento endodôntico inadequado. Os dentes com tratamento endodôntico inadequado foram associados com uma maior prevalência de periodontite apical nestes indivíduos. Este fato pode resultar em aumento das necessidades de retratamento para esta população.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and frequency of apical periodontitis and root fillings in 450 institutionalized Brazilian elderly. The teeth with apical periodontitis were assessed using the Periapical Index (PAI) score. A total of 942 teeth were evaluated in 98 subjects (57 females and 41 males) with mean age of 74 years. The observed frequency of total edentulous subjects was high (76%) in this population. A total of 126 teeth showed root fillings, of these only 46 (36.5%) were scored as having adequate quality. Apical periodontitis was found in 114 teeth (12.1%) in 42 (42.9%) subjects. 80 (70.2%) inadequate root-filled teeth showed apical periodontitis. There was a significant correlation between the presence of periapical pathology and inadequate root-filled teeth. Inadequate root-filled teeth were associated with an increased prevalence of apical periodontitis in these subjects. This fact may result in increased endodontic retreatment needs for this population.

AIM: To assess the total cost of direct and indirect materials used in Class III, IV and V composite resin direct restorations. METHODS: The calculation of costs was based on the method of variable costing system. A list of the materials was obtained by a panel of experts and based on the excellence standards established in the literature for dental team treatment. The cost considered for each material was obtained from an average of the costs found in the regional supplier market (US$1.0=R$2.12). The repetitions were obtained from Class III, IV and V cavities in artificial pre-manufactured teeth. The cavities were classified as shallow, medium and deep. The materials were quantified for each type of preparation. Seven brands of composite resins were used and weighed on a precision scale after their insertion in each cavity. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and non-parametric Friedman's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The mean costs were US$7.96 (R$16.88) for Class III restoration, US$8.13 (R$17.24) for Class IV, and US$7.84 (R$16.62) for Class V. There was statistically significant difference in cost between the types of cavities and depth classification. The small cost difference among the different resin brands resulted in no statistically significant differences in the total cost of the restorations. CONCLUSIONS: The costs obtained in this survey may be used in the calculation of the final cost of restorative procedures, helping in the management of public or private dental care services.

Absenteeism is determined as an absence from work, resulting in the decrease of the company's production and, consequentially, causing profit reduction. The employer must follow closely the employees' quality of life, assuring that they perform all their tasks effectively. Dental health is directly connected to the employee's general health status and cannot be put aside when trying to assure complete physical and mental well being of an individual. AIM: To analyze pre-employment exams of a military company in order to identify, among all the reasons for exclusion, dental problems that ultimately resulted prevented hiring of job applicants. METHODS: Information was collected in 2008 from the dental files of the Health Department archives, which contained data referring to the candidates applying for a specific position and permitted and analytical study of the reasons for exclusion, based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). RESULTS: 10.24% (720) of the candidates, from a total of 7,029, were excluded for dental reasons, namely dental cavitation, 2.8% (197), and pulpal and periapical diseases, 3.14% (221). CONCLUSIONS: Aside from being limited, the results of this study suggest that dental problems influence a great deal on the quality of life of employees that are able for work, and, that being said, should be managed closely to reduce absenteeism in the workplace.

AIM: To identify the most important factors involved in dentistry absenteeism since the foundation of the Labor Court in Campinas, SP, Brazil, until December 2008; to verify if there was a decrease in dentistry absenteeism after the introduction of the dental service in the headquarters of the Court; to verify if dentistry absenteeism is greater in the others cities of the region compared with the city of Campinas. METHODS: The information was collected from the dental statements of the archives of the Health Department of the Labor Court. Collected information included: International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), gender, age, function, origin of the statements, period of the absenteeism and year when the absence occurred. RESULTS: 3,084 health files from server group (2,741) and judges (343) were reviewed. The results indicated: higher prevalence of female gender, higher frequency in the age group from 30 to 40 years old and the smallest frequency in the age group upper from 60 years old. It was found an average sick-leave period of 1.93 days. According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10, the most prevalent dental problems found in this study were: K01 (25.78%), K04 (10.57%) and K05 (6.37%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study pointed to lower rates of absenteeism than the results found in the literature. The introduction of the dental service did not have influence on the rates of absenteeism of the area; however it influenced the absenteeism rates in the city of Campinas (headquarters of the Court).