RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a soroprevalência de infecção com Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) em cabras em cinco províncias do noroeste da China. Soroprevalência foi determinado usando o kit de teste de ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática (ELISA). A soroprevalência geral foi 21.23% (197/928). Análise estatística revlou que diferenças significativas foram observadas em fêmeas (P= 0.048, OR= 0.567, 95% CI= 0.309 a 1.041) e nos grupos ≥ 2 (P= 0.002, OR= 0.330, 95% CI= 0.224 a 0.488). Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi observada entre diferentes províncias. Nossos resultados indicam que a infecção com T. gondii, que pode ter implicações importantes sobre a saúde pública, teve diferenças significativas em sexo e idade, mas nenhuma significância foi observada em diferentes regiões. Além disto, nossos resultados também indicam que infecção por T. gondii em cabras é generalizada nas cinco províncias do noroeste.

ABSTRACT Chinese indigenous chicken breeds are geographically widespread, and a total of 116 indigenous chicken breeds are listed as Chinese national genetic resources. However, these indigenous chicken breeds are facing serious challenges as declining population and germplasm degeneration because lots of commercial chicken breeds had been introduced. In this study, the genetic variations of eleven Chinese indigenous chicken breeds of Sichuan province and three commercial chicken breeds were investigated based on the partial mitochondrial DNA D-loop of 487bp in length. 147 individuals from 14 breeds were examined and 34 haplotypes were observed. Genetic diversity analysis showed that the highest haplotype diversity level was found in Dahen Chicken (DH) population, while the Arbor Acres Chicken (WF) and Roman layer (RM) showed lower genetic diversity levels. The long-term artificial selection may lead to reduced nucleotide diversity. Genetic population differentiation analysis indicated that most of the variation (80.80%) was attributed to variations among breeds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these individuals were divided into four distinct genetic clades, including cluster A, B, C and D. Eighteen haplotypes were classified as cluster A, eight haplotypes were classified as cluster B, five haplotypes were classified as cluster C and three haplotypes were classified as cluster D. There was no breed-specific clade. Our study firstly identified the population’s genetic structure of Chinese indigenous chickens and the most important commercial breeds in Sichuan province, though the genetic diversity of indigenous breeds did not suffer obvious decrease, but could be helpful for efficient artificial breeding selection and genetic resources conservation.

The performance of microemulsified diesel and conventional diesel collectors in coal flotation was compared by flotation indicators, including combustible recovery, ash content of the clean coal, and the flotation index. An efficient separation with lower dosage was obtained using the microemulsified diesel collector. Under optimum separation conditions, the microemulsion consumption was 100 g/t less compared with diesel. The saving in diesel consumption using the microemulsion reached about 70%, disregarding the consumption of the surfactant and cosurfactant. Frothing tests showed that the frother dosage was decreased by using the microemulsion collector, because of the surfactant and cosurfactant added during preparation. The microemulsified diesel collector is superior to the conventional diesel collector in terms of diesel consumption and separation efficiency, but the selectivity requires further improvement.

Supercritical fluid extraction was used to extract active compounds from the Chinese traditional medicinal D. dasycarpus under the pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 45 ºC. Further separation and purification was established by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:0.8:1.3:0.9, volume ratio). The separation yielded a total of 47 mg of dictamnine, 24 mg of obacunone and 83 mg of fraxinellone from 1.0 g of the crude extract in one step separation with the purity of 99.2, 98.4 and 99.0%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by ESI-MS, IR, ¹H-NMR and 13C-NMR.

The vacuum-assisted closure or negative pressure wound therapy is a widespread therapeutic option in Plastic Surgery. Since its first application several indications have been suggested for treatment of difficult wounds. The VAC® therapy system promotes wound healing through the application of negative pressure by controlled suction which, accelerate the resolution of different kinds of wound by promoting vascularization and debridement. It is currently considered as a useful tool in the treatment of complex wounds. These injuries represent a therapeutic challenge for the plastic surgeon that often involve a lengthy and costly hospitalization. Thanks to the VAC® therapy the size of these wounds can be reduced, at the same time they are protected from infection. This could be reflected as a step down in surgical planning by reducing the need of major interventions like free flaps transfer. We present a review of some interesting cases in our clinical experience with the vacuum-assisted therapy within the past 6 years, between may 2005 and november 2011, counting for a total of 41 patients.

El empleo de la terapia de presión negativa es una opción ampliamente extendida dentro del campo de la Cirugía Plástica. Desde su aparición en el mercado se han ido sumando indicaciones de tratamiento de diversa índole, como podemos ver reflejado en la bibliografía existente al respecto. El sistema VAC® promueve la curación de las heridas mediante la aplicación de presión negativa, de manera que el uso de niveles controlados de presión subatmosférica y succión controlada, acelera la resolución de las mismas favoreciendo la vascularización y el desbridamiento. Actualmente, este sistema se considera un arma fundamental en el tratamiento de las heridas complejas, las cuales suponen un reto terapéutico importante y muchas veces acarrean a los pacientes que las padecen un largo y costoso ingreso hospitalario. Gracias a la terapia de vacío se puede disminuir el tamaño de dichas heridas a la par que se protegen de la infección, haciendo innecesario el uso prioritario de colgajos libres y grandes intervenciones. Presentamos una revisión de casos de interés sobre nuestra experiencia clínica con el uso de terapia de vacío en los últimos 6 años, durante la etapa comprendida entre mayo del 2005 y noviembre del 2011, con un total de 41 pacientes.