Abstract Disarticulated shells of three bivalve mollusk species (Anomalocardia brasiliana, Codakia orbicularis, and Divaricella quadrisulcata) were experimentally tested in laboratory flumes to determine the threshold of motion and final orientation of the valves. A total of 150 current flow experiments were conducted on single shells resting on a fixed sand bed. This study demonstrated that shells in the convex-up position are more resistant to flow when the umbo is pointing downstream rather than upstream. Moreover, species with higher frontal areas were more likely to be entrained at lower flow velocities. Results of dimensionless shear stress exhibited values far below the threshold of grains movement for beds of uniform roughness (Shields curve). It was observed that circular shells in convex-up positions were mostly orientated with the umbo pointing downstream. Conversely, elliptical shells in convex-up position tended to align their longer axis parallel to the flow with the posterior side of the valve pointing downstream. These results are not only directly applicable in interpretations of incipient shell motions and in paleocurrent analyses from field and sample data, but also support construction of accurate geological models. Anomalocardia brasiliana orbicularis quadrisulcata valves 15 bed convexup convex up upstream Moreover velocities Shields curve. curve . curve) Conversely data models 1

Abstract The possible role of B-cell growth and differentiation-related cytokines on the pathogenesis of diabetes-related periodontitis has not been addressed so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the gene expression of proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), two major cytokines associated to survival, differentiation and maturation of B cells in biopsies from gingival tissue with periodontitis. Gingival biopsies were obtained from subjects with periodontitis (n = 17), with periodontitis and DM (n = 19) as well as from periodontally and systemically healthy controls (n = 10). Gene expressions for APRIL, BLyS, RANKL, OPG, TRAP and DC-STAMP were evaluated using qPCR. The expressions APRIL, BLyS, RANKL, OPG, TRAP and DC-STAMP were all higher in both periodontitis groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expressions of BLyS, TRAP and RANKL were significantly higher in the subjects with periodontitis and DM when compared to those with periodontitis alone (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of BLyS correlated positively with RANKL in the subjects with periodontitis and DM (p < 0.05). BLyS is overexpressed in periodontitis tissues of subjects with type 2 DM, suggesting a possible role of this cytokine on the pathogenesis DM-related periodontitis.

RESUMEN Una gran variedad de artrópodos plaga causan, a nivel mundial, perjuicios en cultivos hortícolas. Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) son las principales plagas de artrópodos que afectan a cultivos de pimiento bajo cubierta. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad de cuatro productos botánicos diferentes como una alternativa ecológica para el control de pulgones en cultivo protegido de pimiento en Concordia, Argentina. Se probaron formulaciones de extractos/aceites vegetales a base de: aceite esencial de canela Cinnamomun verum (J. Presl.) [AE canela]; aceite esencial de cuasia Quassia amara (L.) [AE cuasia], aceite de neem Azadarichta indica (A. Juss.) [M neem] y extracto de ajo Allium sativum (L.) [M ajo]. Cabe aclarar que éstos dos últimos contienen a su vez otros extractos/aceites esenciales que fueron comparados con un testigo absoluto (agua). Se realizó una distribución de acuerdo con un diseño totalmente aleatorio con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos se aplicaron directamente sobre el follaje con mochila manual iniciándose 1 semana después del trasplante y luego, semanalmente, hasta finalizar el ensayo. Posteriormente, se evaluó el número promedio total de pulgones por hoja. Estos resultados mostraron que el tratamiento con aceite de neem (en mezcla M neem) registró un número de pulgones menor comparado con el resto de los tratamientos y testigo absoluto. Sin embargo, el mayor número de pulgones parasitados (momias) fue observado en las hojas tratadas con el aceite esencial de cuasia (AE cuasia).

ABSTRACT A wide variety of arthropod pests that cause damage in agricultural crops can be found worldwide. The cotton aphids Aphis gossypii (Glover) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are the most significant arthropod pests, which affect greenhouse pepper crops. This research was carried out to determine the effectiveness of three distinct plant products used as an alternative biological aphid pest control in a greenhouse pepper crop in Concordia, Argentina. The effectiveness was determined by testing three formulas of essential plant oils or extracts, derived from cinnamon essential oil Cinnamomun verum (J. Presl.) [Cinnamon EO], Quassia essential oil Quassia amara (L.) [Quassia EO], neem oil Azadarichta indica (A. Juss.) [M neem] and garlic Allium sativum (L.) [M garlic]. It has to be noted that the latter two formulas contained other extracts/essential oils, which were compared to the absolute control (water). For that purpose, this research was carried out with a completely randomized design and replicated three times. The applications were made by means of a backpack sprayer, straight onto the foliage. The first application was made 1 week after the plant transplanting and afterward on a weekly basis until the end of the study. Subsequently, the total average number of aphids (adults and nymphs) on every leaf was recorded. The results showed that the treatment with neem oil (with M neem) recorded a lower number of aphids, as compared to the other treatments, including the absolute control. However, a significant number of parasitized aphids (mummies) were found on leaves treated with Quassia essential oil (Quassia EO).

Resumo A medição da geometria da junta é tarefa fundamental para a automação da soldagem. Dentre os sensores utilizados para tal finalidade, os Sensores de Triangulação Laser para soldagem (STL) estão entre as tecnologias que melhor caracterizam a geometria da junta durante a soldagem. A medição da abertura de raiz (gap) é especialmente importante para o sucesso na deposição automatizada do passe de raiz, com benefícios de produtividade e qualidade em diferentes aplicações, como a construção de dutos para o setor de Petróleo e Gás. A medição desta característica é sensível aos ruídos gerados pela soldagem e à reflexividade da superfície da junta. Os algoritmos de processamento de imagem para medição do gap apresentados na literatura não têm as características desejadas de erro de medição e flexibilidade para medição em chanfros de diferentes dimensões. Este artigo apresenta um novo algoritmo para a medição do gap em juntas de chanfro “V” empregando a técnica de ajuste linear. O algoritmo de medição desenvolvido foi avaliado a partir dos erros de medição do gap encontrados em imagens capturadas antes e durante o procedimento de soldagem de raiz de um corpo de prova padrão. As mesmas imagens foram processadas com os algoritmos de correlação de padrões e algoritmo de derivadas, ambos apresentados por trabalhos acadêmicos. O algoritmo proposto apresentou os melhores resultados de erro de medição, robustez e flexibilidade.

Abstract Joint geometry measurement is a key task for welding automation. Among the sensors used for this purpose, the Laser Triangulation Sensors for welding (LTS) are the ones that best characterize the joint geometry. Root gap measurement is especially important for success in the automated root pass deposition, with production and quality benefits in different applications, such as pipeline construction for the Oil & Gas industry. The measurement of this feature is sensitive to noises generated by welding and joint surface reflexivity. The image processing algorithms for gap measurement available in literature do not have the desired characteristics of measurement error and flexibility for dimensional variability of welding joints. This paper presents a new algorithm for root gap measurement of “V” type joints using a linear adjustment technique. This developed algorithm was evaluated from measurement errors found in images captured before and during orbital welding procedure of a standard test piece. The same images were processed with pattern correlation algorithm and derivative algorithm, both presented in academic papers. The proposed algorithm presented the best results of measurement error, robustness and flexibility.

RESUMO As correntes de densidade, cujo movimento ocorre pela diferença de massa específica entre o escoamento e o fluido ambiente ao seu redor, podem interagir com o substrato gerando formas de fundo, similares às encontradas em ambientes fluviais. Entretanto não existem diagramas de previsão específicos correspondentes para esse tipo de fenômeno. Assim, este trabalho visa comparar a ocorrência das formas de fundo fluviais previstas nos diagramas de previsão com aquelas geradas por correntes de densidade salinas obtidas experimentalmente. As formas de fundo foram geradas em um canal bidimensional de declividade variável, preenchido por água, com três composições de leito móvel e diferentes valores de vazão, massa especifica e inclinação. Três formas de fundo foram identificadas (leito plano inferior, ondulações e dunas), as quais, juntamente com o cálculo de parâmetros hidrodinâmicos permitiram a utilização dos diagramas fluviais. Verificou-se que os diagramas fluviais não apresentaram boas previsões das formas de fundo geradas por correntes de densidade. A esse fato são atribuídas as diferenças hidrodinâmicas dos escoamentos (perfis de velocidade e concentração) e, também, à limitação dos parâmetros dimensionais na extrapolação dos resultados. Dessa forma, indica-se a necessidade de se elaborar um diagrama de previsão próprio adaptado a estas correntes.

ABSTRACT Density currents, whose movement takes place by the density difference between the flow and the ambient fluid around it, can interact with the substract generating bedforms similar to the fluvial environments. However, there are no specific bedform phase diagrams capable to predict this type of phenomenon. This study aims to compare the prediction of fluvial bedforms phase diagram with those generated by experimental saline currents. Bedforms were generated in two-dimensional tilting plexiglass flume submerged in a larger tank filled with water with three different mobile beds and varied values of discharge and salt concentration. It was observed three types of bedform (lower plane bed, ripples and dunes), which, with the concomitant calculation of hydrodynamic parameters (mean velocity, energy and mobility) allowed the use of the phase diagram. It was observed that the fluvial phase diagrams did not present good predictions for bedforms generated by density currents. This fact is associated to the hydrodynamics differences (velocity and concentration profiles) and the limitation of the dimensional parameters in the extrapolation of results. Therefore, it is indicated the need to draw up a proper phase diagram to density currents.

Teniendo en cuenta que algunos adultos de insectos muestran preferencia a ciertas longitudes de onda, se ha considerado este comportamiento para desarrollar herramientas de monitoreo y estrategias de control de insectos plaga. Como ejemplo de ello, las tarjetas adhesivas amarillas han sido ampliamente usadas para monitorear población de moscas blancas a campo como invernadero. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de trampas adhesivas amarillas provistas con luces emitidas por diodos (LEDs) para el trampeo de adultos moscas blancas Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Los ensayos se llevaron a cabo en la EEA INTA Concordia en condiciones de umbráculo, donde se ubicaron jaulas de cría con plantas de tabaco, Solanum tabacum (L.) y poroto, Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) desde Junio hasta Julio del 2013. Las trampas adhesivas amarillas tuvieron una superficie de 64cm2 provistas con (LEDs) de diferentes longitudes de onda promedio (525 nm verde y 380 nm UV) y sin LED como testigo. Los ensayos mostraron que los adultos de mosca blanca fueron significativamente (α >0.05) más atraídos por las trampas equipadas con LED 525 nm verde (134 ± 7.4 adultos/tarjeta) comparadas con trampas equipadas con LED 380 nm UV (105 ± 7.4 adultos/tarjeta) y trampas sin LED (85.17 ± 7.4 adultos/tarjeta). Estos resultados muestran que los adultos de T. vaporariorum son atraídos a trampas dotadas con LED verde, las cuales podrían tener un promisorio uso en invernadero como detección, monitoreo y control de mosca blanca.

Since adult insects respond to particular wavelengths, some investigations have proposed to use such behavior as potential target for novel monitoring and pest control tools.Yellow sticky cards have been commonly used for monitoring whiteflies population in open-fields as well as in greenhouses. However, the attractiveness depends on various factors such as the reflected intensity (brightness) and the hues of yellow color (wavelength) of the trap surface, which is often influenced by environmental conditions and may sometimes affect the capture of white flies.There fore, the use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be a significant complementary tool to strengthen attractiveness and the selectivity of these cards. This research was carried out to investigate the efficacy of the yellow sticky traps equipped with LEDs in the capturing mechanism of adult whiteflies Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). This study has taken place in a glass little greenhouse at the Argentine Agricultural Experiment Station (EEA) of the National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) of Concordia, Province of Entre Rios (Argentina), where rearing insect cages were placed together with tobacco plants, Solanum tabacum L. and beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. from June to July, 2013. The yellow sticky traps covered an area of 64 cm2 and were supplemented with LED sof different wavelengths, namely green LEDs (525 nm), UV (380 nm) and without LED sas control treatment. The trials showed that adults of T. vaporariorum on average preferred (α>0,05) traps equipped with green LEDs (525nm),which could have a promising use in greenhouses for the identification, monitoring and control of whiteflies