Abstract We analysed the capacity of Salvinia minima plants collected from different seasons to accumulate Cr(VI) in presence or absence of mineral nutrients. Plants were collected in August and November and they were grown in both water and Hoagland solution with and without Cr(VI). August plants showed development of new fronds, a low content of soluble sugars, and an increase in biomass. In November plants, a lower number of new fronds, a higher content of soluble sugars, and a lower increase in biomass were observed. November plants accumulated more Cr than those from August and the growth media showed an increase in DO. These results would indicate that a greater accumulation of biomass (August plants) does not necessarily lead to a greater Cr accumulation. Salvinia plants did not show demand for mineral nutrients except for phosphate and magnesium. Changes in the ion composition of growing media during the assay show possible differences in mineral requirement between higher and lower plants. Our results showed that Cr(VI) accumulation in S. minima plants depends on the development stage and the mineral nutrients composition of the growth medium.

Resumo Analisamos a capacidade de plantas de Salvinia minima coletadas em diferentes estações do ano em acumular Cr(VI) na presença ou ausência de nutrientes minerais. As plantas foram coletadas em agosto e novembro e cultivadas em água e solução de Hoagland com e sem Cr(VI). As plantas de agosto apresentaram desenvolvimento de novas folhagens, baixo teor de açúcares solúveis e aumento de biomassa. Nas plantas de novembro, observou-se menor número de novas folhas, maior teor de açúcares solúveis e menor aumento de biomassa. As plantas de novembro acumularam mais Cr do que as de agosto e o meio de cultivo apresentou aumento de OD. Esses resultados indicam que um maior acúmulo de biomassa (plantas de agosto) não necessariamente leva a um maior acúmulo de Cr. As plantas de Salvinia não apresentaram demanda por nutrientes minerais, exceto fosfato e magnésio. Mudanças na composição de íons do meio de cultivo durante o ensaio mostram possíveis diferenças na exigência de minerais entre plantas superiores e inferiores. Nossos resultados mostraram que o acúmulo de Cr(VI) em plantas de S. minima depende do estádio de desenvolvimento e da composição de nutrientes minerais do meio de cultivo.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and morbidity is related to poor quality of life (QOL). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) may be associated with prolonged survival and QOL in patients with ALS. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether NIV is effective and safe for patients with ALS in terms of survival and QOL, alerting the health system. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting standards using population, intervention, comparison, and outcome strategies. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and CRD databases were searched based on the eligibility criteria for all types of studies on NIV use in patients with ALS published up to January 2022. Data were extracted from the included studies, and the findings were presented using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Of the 120 papers identified, only 14 were related to systematic reviews. After thorough reading, only one meta-analysis was considered eligible. In the second stage, 248 studies were included; however, only one systematic review was included. The results demonstrated that NIV provided relief from the symptoms of chronic hypoventilation, increased survival, and improved QOL compared to standard care. These results varied according to clinical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: NIV in patients with ALS improves the outcome and can delay the indication for tracheostomy, reducing expenditure on hospitalization and occupancy of intensive care unit beds. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO database: CRD42021279910 — https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=279910.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the performance of groups of pediatric residents from a Buenos Aires hospital, in terms of correct recognition and communication of a medical error (ME), in a high-fidelity simulation scenario. To describe the reactions and communication attempts following the ME and the self-perception by the trainees before and after a debriefing. Methods: Quasi-experimental uncontrolled study conducted in a simulation center. First- and third-year pediatric residents participated. We designed a simulation case in which an ME occurred and the patient deteriorated. During the simulation, participants had to provide information on communicating the ME to the patient’s father. We assessed communication performance and, additionally, participants completed a self-perception survey about ME management before and after a debriefing. Results: Eleven groups of residents participated. Ten (90.9%) identified the ME correctly, but only 27.3% (n=3) of them reported that a ME had occurred. None of the groups told the father they were going to give him important news concerning his son’s health. All 18 residents who actively participated in this communication completed the self-perception survey, with an average score before and after debriefing of 5.00 and 5.05 (out of 10) (p=0.88). Conclusions: We observed a high number of groups that recognized the presence of a ME, but the communication action was substantially low. Communication skills were insufficient and residents’ self-perception of error management was regular and not modified by the debriefing.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o desempenho de grupos de residentes pediátricos de um hospital de Buenos Aires, em termos de reconhecimento e comunicação correta de um erro médico (EM),em cenário de simulação. Descrever as reações e tentativas de comunicação após o EM e a autopercepção pelos estagiários antes e depois de um questionário. Métodos: Estudo quase experimental não controlado realizado em centro de simulação. Participaram residentes pediátricos do primeiro e terceiro anos. Concebeu-se um caso de simulação em que ocorreu um EM com deterioração de um paciente. Durante a simulação, os participantes tiveram que fornecer informações relacionadas à comunicação do EM ao pai do paciente. Avaliou-se o desempenho da comunicação e, adicionalmente, os participantes completaram um inquérito de autopercepção sobre a gestão da EM, antes e depois de um questionário. Resultados: Onze grupos de residentes participaram. Dez (90,9%) identificaram corretamente o EM, mas apenas 27,3% (n=3) deles comunicaram que havia ocorrido o EM. Nenhum dos grupos disse ao pai que iria dar notícias importantes sobre a saúde do seu filho. Todos os 18 residentes que participaram ativamente da comunicação completaram o questionário de autopercepção com uma pontuação média antes e depois do questionário de 5,00 e 5,05 (máximo: 10 pontos) (p=0,88). Conclusões: Observamos elevado número de grupos que reconheceram a presença de um EM, mas a ação de comunicação foi rara. A capacidade de comunicação foi insuficiente e a autopercepção da gestão de erros por parte dos residentes foi regular, não sendo modificada pelo debriefing.

Abstract In the modern world, cancer is a growing cause of mortality, but archeological studies have shown that it is not exclusive to modern populations. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiologic, social, and clinicopathologic features of head and neck cancers in ancient populations. To do this, we extracted all records that described malignant lesions in the head and neck region available in the Cancer Research in Ancient Bodies Database (CRAB). The estimated age, sex, physical condition of the remains (skeletonized, mummified), anatomic location of tumors, geographic location, chronology, tumor type, and methods of tumor diagnosis were collected. One hundred and sixty-seven cases were found, mostly originating from Europe (51.5%). Most records were of adults between 35 and 49 years of age (37.7%). The most involved site was the skullcap (60.4%), and the most common malignancies were metastases to the bone (65.3%) and multiple myeloma (17.4%). No primary soft tissue malignancies were registered. The results of our study indicate that head and neck cancers were present in ancient civilizations, at least since 500,000 BCE. The available data can help to improve the current understanding of the global distribution of head and neck cancer and its multidimensional impacts on populations in the contemporary world.

Abstract The increase in life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance in bone remodeling. Several drugs are used for its treatment, but most promote undesirable side effects. The present investigation evaluated the effects of two low concentrations of grape seed extract (GSE) rich in proanthocyanidins on MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in an osteogenic medium and divided into control (C), 0.1 µg/mL GSE (GSE0.1), and 1.0 µg/mL GSE (GSE1.0) groups to evaluate cell morphology, adhesion, and proliferation, in situ alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection, mineralization and immunolocalization of osteopontin (OPN). The data obtained were analyzed by statistical tests for a significance of 5%. Cell morphology was maintained with both GSE concentrations, whereas cell adhesion significantly increased within three days in all groups. Cell proliferation increased significantly at seven days of culture, followed by a significant decrease in all experimental periods, with no statistical difference among them. In situ detection of ALP and mineralization increased with time, but within each period, no statistical differences among groups were observed. The expression of osteopontin was distributed regularly with more intensity after 24 hours in the GSE0.1 group. After three days, OPN expression was more intense in the control group, followed by GSE0.1 and GSE1.0 groups. Data obtained suggest that low concentrations of GSE do not affect the morphology and may stimulate the functional activity of osteoblastic cells.

Resumo O aumento da expectativa de vida tem levado a uma maior incidência de osteoporose, caracterizada por um desequilíbrio na remodelação óssea. Vários medicamentos são utilizados para o seu tratamento, contudo, a maioria promove efeitos colaterais indesejáveis. A presente investigação avaliou os efeitos de duas baixas concentrações de extrato de semente de uva (GSE) rico em proantocianidinas em células osteoblásticas MC3T3-E1. As células foram cultivadas em meio osteogênico e divididas em grupos controle (C), 0,1 µg/mL de GSE (GSE0.1) e 1,0 µg/mL de GSE (GSE1.0) para avaliar morfologia, adesão e proliferação celular, detecção in situ de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), mineralização e imunolocalização da proteína osteopontina (OPN). Os dados obtidos foram analisados por testes estatísticos para um nível de significância de 5%. A proliferação celular aumentou significativamente aos sete dias de cultura, seguido de uma diminuição significativa em todos os períodos experimentais, sem diferença estatística entre eles. A detecção in situ de ALP e mineralização aumentou com o tempo, mas dentro de cada período não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. A morfologia celular foi mantida com ambas as concentrações de GSE, enquanto a adesão celular aumentou significativamente aos três dias em todos os grupos. A expressão de osteopontina distribuiu-se regularmente com maior intensidade após 24 horas no grupo GSE0.1. Após três dias, a expressão de OPN foi mais intensa no grupo controle, seguida pelos grupos GSE0.1 e GSE1.0. Os dados obtidos sugerem que baixas concentrações de GSE não afetam a morfologia e podem estimular a atividade funcional das células osteoblásticas.

Abstract Research on natural additives to replace or reduce synthetic ones in meat products is still being highlighted. The effect of goji berry (GB) (extract, powder and incorporated in an edible coating) in hamburgers during 10 days of refrigerated (2 ºC) and illuminated (fluorescent lamp, 1200 lux, 12 h day-1) display were evaluated. Four treatments were studied: control (CONT) - hamburger without GB; GBEX - hamburger with GB extract, GBPW - hamburger with GB powder and GBEC - hamburger with GB edible coating. pH, color, water losses, shear force, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) and lipid oxidation (TBARS) were evaluated. The use of GB positively affected the quality of hamburger during display and the coated samples presented better results, with reduced weight and color losses, lower pH, and shear force values. The inclusion of GB in hamburgers increased the antioxidant activity and inhibited lipid oxidation. GB has potential application in hamburgers to maintain or improve their characteristics during the shelf-life.

Abstract This objective work sets out to analyze whether the construction process of the 2022-2025 Municipal Health Plans (MHP) of the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District (FD) provided for the inclusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enable citizen participation. A total of 37 documents published on the 27 websites of the municipal health secretariats (MHS) were analyzed, in the light of the theoretical concept of the Postulate of coherence, elaborated by Mario Testa for analysis of the health planning process. The results show that ten secretariats adopted strategies to monitor remote social participation in the preparation of the MHP and only nine provided virtual channels for public consultation to define priorities in the context of the pandemic. From the documents analyzed, the adoption of MHS strategies was not identified, such as virtual tents, granting assistance for internet access, tablets, spaces for itinerant access, among others, as a way to enable and encourage broader social participation, in health crisis situations.

Resumo Este trabalho objetiva analisar se o processo de construção dos planos municipais de saúde (PMS) 2022-2025 das 26 capitais brasileiras e do Distrito Federal (DF) previu a inclusão de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) para viabilizar a participação cidadã. Foram analisados 37 documentos publicados nos 27 sites das secretarias municipais de Saúde (SMS), à luz da concepção teórica do postulado da coerência, elaborado por Mario Testa para análise do processo de planejamento em saúde. Os resultados evidenciam que dez secretarias adotaram estratégias de mobilização da participação social remota na elaboração do PMS e somente nove disponibilizaram canais virtuais de consulta pública para definição de prioridades no contexto pandêmico. A partir dos documentos analisados, não se identificou a adoção de estratégias pelas SMS, como tendas virtuais, concessão de auxílio para acesso à internet, tablets, espaços para acessos itinerantes, entre outras, como forma de viabilizar e fomentar uma participação social mais abrangente em tempos de crise sanitária.

Abstract Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent pathology in older adults, with physical, social and psychological impacts that reduce their quality of life. Objective Analyze the correlation between KOA in older individuals and biopsychosocial aspects such as pain, functional limitation, dependence, anxiety and depression. Methods A systematic review of English and Portuguese articles published on the Cochrane Library, PUBMED/MEDLINE, SciELO and Web of Science databases between 2016 and 2021, selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results After cross-checking specific to each database, studies were selected by reading the title (2,304), abstract (136) and full article (72), with 30 ultimately included based on the eligibility criteria. Conclusion Knee osteoarthritis has a significant negative impact on patients’ lives and is correlated with pain, functional limitation, dependence, anxiety and depression, compromising interpersonal relationships, physical and mental status and causing disability due to chronic pain, making osteoarthritis (OA) a public health issue with a high financial, physical and emotional cost for patients.

Resumo Introdução A osteoartrite de joelho é uma patologia prevalente em idosos, impactando suas vidas em um contexto físico, social e psicológico, o que ocasiona redução na qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Objetivo Analisar a correlação entre a osteoartrite de joelho em idosos e aspectos biopsicossociais como dor, limitação funcional, dependência, ansiedade e depressão. Métodos Revisão sistemática de artigos publicados nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, PUBMED/MEDLINE, SciELO e Web of Science, entre 2016 e 2021, em português e inglês. Após isso, realizou-se a seleção dos artigos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados Após cruzamentos específicos em cada base, selecionaram-se os artigos por meio da leitura do título (2.304), do resumo (136) e do artigo na íntegra (72). Assim, 30 artigos foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Conclusão Confirmou-se que a osteoartrite de joelho impacta negativamente a vida dos pacientes e está correlacionada com dor, limitação funcional, dependência, ansiedade e depressão, prejudicando as relações interpessoais, afetando condições físicas e mentais e gerando incapacidade devido à dor crônica, tornando a osteoartrite uma questão de saúde pública de alto custo financeiro, físico e emocional aos pacientes.

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) are natural compounds extracted from plants that exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. and therefore attract interest as additives in the food industry. especially food for special populations. In the case of children diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy. another factor has to be considered. such as the consistency of food. This study evaluated consumer acceptability of infant food with oregano essential oil by children diagnosed with cerebral palsy and a questionnaire was applied to assess consumption habits and profile of the studied population. Samples were evaluated according to odor. flavor. color. and texture acceptability. Consumers were divided by days. with 35 children each day per sample (CONT without essential oil and EO with different concentration of oregano essential oil). Total number of children was 103. In relation to acceptability of color. odor and flavor of the CONT and EO-0.01% received higher grades. the infant food with 0.05% oregano essential oil showed lower scores compared with the other treatments. However. in relation to acceptability. all samples received satisfactory scores. In relation to texture. differences were not observed. The use of oregano essential oil could be an alternative for the development of an infant food.

Abstract Background The diagnosis of cognitive disorders in Parkinson disease (PD) can be very challenging. Aiming at establishing uniform and reliable diagnostic procedures, the International Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned task forces to delineate diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in PD. Objectives To investigate the applicability of the MDS recommendations for cognitive evaluation in a Brazilian sample of patients with PD with low levels of formal education. Methods A total of 41 patients with PD were subjected to a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation based on tests proposed by the MDS, which included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), the Trail Making Test (TMT) parts A and B, in addition to language and memory skills assessment. Neuropsychiatric and daily functioning features were also evaluated. Spearman correlation analyses were used to evaluate the association between the scores obtained in the cognitive scales and demographic/clinical variables. Results Although none of the participants had a formal diagnosis of dementia, 50% presented some degree of cognitive impairment when considering the results of the MDRS. Of note, a noticeable number of patients was not able to complete the full neuropsychological assessment. The TMT part B was the most difficult task, being completed by only 22 participants (54%). As expected, the greater the educational level, the better the performance on the cognitive tests. Better motor function was also associated with better scores in cognition. Conclusions Adopting strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and a comprehensive clinical evaluation, we found remarkable limitations for the MDS recommendations when individuals with low educational levels are considered. A revision of the current guidelines is necessary considering differences among populations, especially related to formal education.

Resumo Antecedentes O diagnóstico de distúrbios cognitivos na doença de Parkinson (DP) pode ser muito desafiador. Com o objetivo de estabelecer procedimentos diagnósticos uniformes e confiáveis, a Sociedade Internacional da Doença de Parkinson e Distúrbios do Movimento (MDS, na sigla em inglês) encomendou forças-tarefa para delinear critérios diagnósticos para comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e demência na DP. Objetivos Investigar a aplicabilidade das recomendações da MDS para avaliação cognitiva em uma amostra brasileira de pacientes com DP de baixa escolaridade. Métodos Um total de 41 pacientes com DP foram submetidos a uma avaliação neuropsicológica abrangente com base nos testes propostos pela MDS, que incluiu o Miniexame do Estado Mental, a Escala de Avaliação de Demência de Mattis (MDRS, na sigla em inglês), o teste de trilhas (TMT, na sigla em inglês) partes A e B, além da avaliação das habilidades de linguagem e memória. Características neuropsiquiátricas e de funcionamento diário também foram avaliadas. Análises de correlação de Spearman foram utilizadas para avaliar a associação entre os escores obtidos nas escalas cognitivas e variáveis demográficas/clínicas. Resultados Apesar de nenhum dos participantes ter diagnóstico formal de demência, 50% apresentaram algum grau de comprometimento cognitivo ao levar em consideração os resultados da MDRS. Vale ressaltar que um número notável de pacientes não conseguiu completar a avaliação neuropsicológica completa. A parte B do TMT foi a tarefa mais difícil, sendo realizada por apenas 22 participantes (54%). Como esperado, quanto maior o nível educacional, melhor o desempenho nos testes cognitivos. Melhor função motora também foi associada a melhores escores em cognição. Conclusões Adotando critérios rígidos de inclusão/exclusão e uma avaliação clínica abrangente, encontramos limitações marcantes para as recomendações da MDS quando considerados indivíduos com baixa escolaridade. É necessária uma revisão das diretrizes atuais considerando as diferenças entre as populações, principalmente relacionadas ao nível educacional.

Abstract Considering that sexual dysfunction profoundly affects self-perception and quality of life, this study aims to understand the experience of living with vaginismus. This is an empirical, qualitative, exploratory research, in which nine women diagnosed with vaginismus at some point in their lives participated. Data were collected through individual semi-directed interviews and application of the drawing and story procedure with the theme “Vaginismus”. In this paper, the analysis of the drawings and stories is highlighted due to the richness of this instrument. The material was interpreted together, enabling the construction of three thematic categories: “Representations: vaginismus as a protagonist”, “The course and history of life: the different moments of vaginismus” and “Loneliness and relationships”. The results pointed to different perceptions of vaginismus according to the time of treatment, highlighting the long duration of symptoms and the arduous process of living with this disorder.

Resumen Considerando que experiencia una disfunción sexual afecta profundamente la autopercepción y la calidad de vida, este trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender la experiencia de vivir con vaginismo. Se trata de una investigación empírica, cualitativa, exploratoria, en la que participaron nueve mujeres diagnosticadas de vaginismo en algún momento de su vida. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas individuales semidirigidas y aplicación del procedimiento de dibujo-cuento con el tema “Vaginismo”. En este trabajo se destaca el análisis de los dibujos y cuentos por la riqueza de este instrumento. El material fue interpretado en conjunto, posibilitando la construcción de tres categorías temáticas: “Representaciones: el vaginismo como protagonista”, “El curso y la historia de la vida: los diferentes momentos del vaginismo” y “La soledad y las relaciones”. Los resultados apuntaron a diferentes percepciones del vaginismo según el tiempo de tratamiento, destacando la larga duración de los síntomas y el arduo proceso de convivencia con este trastorno.

Resumo Considerando que experienciar uma disfunção sexual afeta profundamente a autopercepção e a qualidade de vida, este estudo almejou compreender a experiência de viver com vaginismo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica, qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, em que participaram nove mulheres diagnosticadas em algum período da vida com vaginismo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semidirigidas e do procedimento de desenhos-estórias com o tema “Vaginismo”, sendo que, neste trabalho, destaca-se a análise dos desenhos e histórias devido à riqueza deste instrumento. O material foi interpretado em conjunto possibilitando a construção de três categorias temáticas: “Representações: o vaginismo como protagonista”, “O percurso e a história de vida: os diferentes momentos do vaginismo” e “A solidão e os relacionamentos”. Os resultados apontaram para diferentes percepções do vaginismo de acordo com o momento do tratamento, destacando-se a longa duração dos sintomas e o árduo processo de viver com esta disfunção.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer treatment has evolved significantly over the years, both in terms of local and systemic approaches. Halsted's radical mastectomy gave way to modified mastectomies and to conservative surgeries, along with breast reconstruction and repair. Although the use of new drugs has directly increased the survival of patients submitted to adjuvant or neoadjuvant systemic therapies, the de-escalation of drugs may also be beneficial in numerous cases. Therefore, breast cancer treatment must be increasingly customized and assessed using a multidisciplinary approach. This study aimed to review the concept and therapy of early breast cancer. METHODS: A narrative review of the literature was carried out in the PubMed database in December 2022, where the keywords for the searches were as follows: early breast cancer, surgical treatment of breast cancer, systemic treatment of breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer, adjuvant treatment of luminal breast cancer, early triple negative tumor, and early positive Her-2 tumor. Articles that were historically important in the treatment of breast cancer and articles that impacted management with scientific relevance were selected for this review. DISCUSSION: As new evidence continues to update existing knowledge, breast cancer treatment is becoming increasingly personalized and must now take into account the different tumor variants and their clinical stages, the age of patients and relevant comorbidities, as well as personal expectations and desires. CONCLUSION: This literature review of current studies shows that the primary therapy for patients with early breast cancer continues to be surgery, although a customized and multidisciplinary approach is now required.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Version of Lay Person's Social Judgement about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). A standardized photograph of a 16-year-old girl was manipulated by using photo editing software, to simulate different cleft-lip situations. The cleft-free image was used as a control. The researchers structured an initial questionnaire that was evaluated by experts and a sample of the target population to evaluate the construct. After analysis by the researchers, a final version of the B-LSojCleft-S containing 14 items was generated. Each answer was awarded score from 1 to 3 points, yielding a total score of 14 to 42 points. Higher scores represented better social judgements. The B-LSojCleft-S was applied online to 103 test participants and 73 retest participants with an interval of 20 days between application. Aspects of acceptability, discriminant property, internal consistency, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed using the Friedman test (p < 0.05). Reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha > 0.81. The B-LSojCleft-S showed high acceptability, strong discriminant property, excellent internal consistency and reliability, but had a floor and ceiling effect. The instrument reached valid and reliable scores and had acceptable psychometric properties to evaluate the social judgments of lay persons about different cleft lip situations in a Brazilian population.

Abstract In a context in which the neglect toward the older adult population grows, the COVID-19 pandemic has made evident the lack of inclusion and care that these people face, creating a phenomenon of non-belonging and exclusion that can be described by the term “social death.” This study aims to analyze the social death of the older adult population from an integrative literature review that includes studies related to social death, older adults and the pandemic. Of the 1,291 studies found in the databases, 15 articles were selected, in which it was observed that aging is not understood as a physiological process, but as a disease, so that older adults are removed from society and treated exhaustively until they die in isolation. It can be concluded that a specific gaze toward this population is necessary to ensure their (re)integration and active participation in society.

Resumen En un contexto en que la población anciana está cada vez más desatendida, la pandemia del covid-19 puso de manifiesto la falta de inclusión y de atención a que hace frente esta población, configurando un fenómeno de no pertenencia y exclusión que puede describirse con el término “muerte social”. Esta investigación pretende analizar la muerte social de la población anciana mediante una revisión integradora de la literatura en estudios relacionados con la muerte social, los ancianos y la pandemia. De los 1.291 trabajos encontrados en las bases de datos, se seleccionaron 15, en los cuales se observó que el envejecimiento no se considera como un proceso fisiológico, sino como una enfermedad, por lo que se apartan a los ancianos de la sociedad y los cuidan exhaustivamente hasta que mueren aislados. Es necesario destinar una mirada específica a esta población que le garantice una (re)integración y participación activa en la sociedad.

Resumo Num contexto em que a população idosa é cada vez mais negligenciada, a pandemia de covid-19 tornou evidente a falta de inclusão e cuidado que essas pessoas enfrentam, configurando um fenômeno de não pertencimento e exclusão que pode ser descrito pelo termo “morte social”. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a morte social da população idosa por meio de revisão integrativa da literatura que inclui estudos relacionados a morte social, idosos e pandemia. Dos 1.291 estudos encontrados nas bases de dados, foram selecionados 15 trabalhos, nos quais se observou que o envelhecimento não é entendido como processo fisiológico, mas como doença, de maneira que idosos são retirados da sociedade e tratados exaustivamente até morrerem isolados. Pode-se concluir que um olhar específico para essa população se faz necessário para garantir sua (re)integração e participação ativa na sociedade.

Abstract Objective To evaluate patients’ and healthcare professionals’ knowledge about vaccination protocols in post-liver transplantation before and after applying an educational awareness strategy in this population. Methods Patients (n=124) underwent the educational intervention through access to a webpage containing educational videos and, for health professionals (n=111), through a symposium and access to information on the project’s virtual page. To analyze the effect of the intervention, qualitative analyses of knowledge were carried out using questionnaires before and after the interventions. Results Among patients, males were predominant (66.9%) and the mean age was 55.2 years old (SD + 15.9). 82.2% of patients visited a UBS to be vaccinated and 13.7% of them the CRIEs (Reference Center for Special Immunobiologicals). Only 46.7% received orientation about vaccines after liver transplantation. From the 111 questionnaires answered by health professionals, 46.5% did not check the vaccine portfolio, 61.3% referred patients to UBS and 38.7% to a CRIE. In the post-intervention analysis, 66.1% of patients watched educational videos about vaccination. Of these, 62.2% said they had improved their understanding about vaccines and 91.4% feel safer to vaccinate. After the educational intervention, 45 health professionals answered the questionnaire. 30.4% said they knew which vaccines to prescribe, and 67.4% recommended vaccines to patients’ relatives. Conclusion The proposed educational strategy applied in this study shown to increase awareness regarding the post-liver transplant immunization protocols. This may contribute to avoiding the potential risk of lack of information and failure to address vaccination by healthcare professionals.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los conocimientos de pacientes y profesionales de la salud sobre protocolos de vacunación tras un trasplante hepático, antes y después de aplicar una estrategia educativa de sensibilización en esta población. Métodos Los pacientes (n=124) fueron sometidos a la intervención educativa mediante el acceso a un sitio web con videos educativos, y los profesionales de la salud (n=11), mediante un simposio y el acceso a información en la página web del proyecto. Para analizar el efecto de la intervención, se realizaron análisis cualitativos de conocimiento con cuestionaros antes y después de la intervención. Resultados Entre los pacientes, el sexo masculino fue predominante (66,9 %) y la edad promedio fue 52,2 años (SD + 15,9). El 82,2 % de los pacientes fue a una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) para recibir la vacuna y el 13,7 % de ellos acudió a un Centro de Referencia para Inmunobiológicos Especiales (CRIE). Solo el 46,7 % recibió instrucciones sobre vacunación tras el trasplante hepático. De los 111 cuestionarios respondidos por profesionales de la salud, el 46,5 % no consultó el catálogo de vacunas, el 61,3 % derivó a los pacientes a una UBS y el 38,7 % a un CRIE. En el análisis posintervención, el 66,1 % de los pacientes miró los videos educativos sobre vacunación. De ellos, el 62,2 % mencionó haber mejorado su comprensión sobre vacunas y el 91,4 % se sintió más seguro para vacunarse. Después de la intervención educativa, 45 profesionales de la salud respondieron el cuestionario. El 30,4 % afirmó saber qué vacunas prescribir y el 67,4 % recomendó vacunas a familiares de los pacientes. Conclusión La estrategia educativa propuesta aplicada en este estudio demostró un aumento de conocimiento sobre los protocolos de inmunización tras un trasplante hepático. Esto pude ayudar a evitar el riesgo potencial de la falta de información y el no abordar el tema de la vacunación por parte de los profesionales de la salud.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes e profissionais de saúde sobre os protocolos de vacinação no pós-transplante hepático antes e após a aplicação de uma estratégia educativa de conscientização nessa população. Métodos Os pacientes (n=124) foram submetidos à intervenção educativa através do acesso a uma página web com vídeos educativos e, para os profissionais de saúde (n=111), através de um simpósio e acesso à informação na página virtual do projeto. Para analisar o efeito da intervenção, análises qualitativas de conhecimento foram realizadas por meio de questionários antes e depois das intervenções. Resultados Entre os pacientes, predominou o sexo masculino (66,9%) e a média de idade foi de 55,2 anos (DP + 15,9). 82,2% dos pacientes procuraram uma UBS para serem vacinados e 13,7% deles, os CRIEs (Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais). Apenas 46,7% receberam orientações sobre vacinas após o transplante hepático. Dos 111 questionários respondidos pelos profissionais de saúde, 46,5% não consultaram a carteira de vacinas, 61,3% encaminharam os pacientes para UBS e 38,7%, para um CRIE. Na análise pós-intervenção, 66,1% dos pacientes assistiram a vídeos educativos sobre vacinação. Destes, 62,2% disseram ter melhorado seu entendimento sobre as vacinas e 91,4% se sentem mais seguros para vacinar. Após a intervenção educativa, 45 profissionais de saúde responderam ao questionário. 30,4% afirmaram saber quais vacinas prescrever e 67,4% indicaram vacinas para familiares de pacientes. Conclusão A estratégia educacional proposta aplicada neste estudo mostrou aumentar a conscientização sobre os protocolos de imunização pós-transplante hepático. Isso pode contribuir para evitar o risco potencial de falta de informação e não abordagem da vacinação pelos profissionais de saúde.