Abstract Biofuels and other bioproducts derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks represent environmentally sustainable pathways that have the potential to compete favorably with conventional petrochemical counterparts. Realizing their economic viability necessitates the development of highly efficient and cost-effective enzymatic preparations for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. Within the context of this investigation, it was harnessed the capabilities of T. reesei RUT-C30, a well-recognized hypercellulolytic fungus. Employing delignified pretreated sugarcane bagasse as the main substrate, and amelioration of the culture medium composition enhanced the production of cellulase and xylanase enzymes. In a controlled bench scale bioreactor system, it was achieved noteworthy enzymatic activities, peaking at 3.8 FPU/mL for cellulase and 231 U/mL for xylanase and 26 FPU/L h productivity. Calculated hydrolysis conversion of delignified steam-explosion sugarcane bagasse (DSB) at 3% DSB concentration without the addition of an external source of β-glucosidase was 51.8% for the enzyme preparation DSB(C) and only n this same condition, maximum conversion for commercial enzymes (T reesei, Sigma) was only 34 %. This observation accentuates the competence of the enzymes derived from T. reesei RUT-C30 in efficiently degrading pretreated sugarcane bagasse. While it was demonstrated the potential of T. reesei RUT-C30 for enzyme production in the context of second-generation ethanol generation, our data portrays the enzyme's cost contribution to ethanol production of US$ 0.115 per liter of ethanol produced. counterparts costeffective effective substrates investigation T RUTC30, RUTC30 RUTC RUT C30, C30 C wellrecognized well recognized fungus substrate system activities 38 3 8 3. FPUmL FPU mL 23 UmL U 2 FPUL L productivity steamexplosion steam explosion (DSB βglucosidase β glucosidase 518 51 51.8 DSBC DSB(C condition Sigma % RUT-C3 secondgeneration second generation s US 0115 0 115 0.11 produced RUTC3 C3 5 51. RUT-C 011 11 0.1 01 1 0.

Abstract Xylan degradation is an important step in different industries, such as in biorefinery for biomass hydrolysis. Talaromyces wortmannii is a known fungus due to second metabolite production but only few works showed the xylanolytic potential of this fungus. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the production of xylanolytic enzymes from T. wortmannii DR49 on industrial agro wastes. Cultivation in shake flask showed highest xylanase titration (10.3 U/mL; 9.5 U/mL) for wheat bran (WB) and hydrothermal pretreated sugar cane bagasse (HB); in β-xylosidase production WB and xylose were the best carbon sources (0.57 U/mL; 0.34 U/mL) respectively. STR cultivation revealed that 29°C and pH 6.0 were the best conditions for xylanase (14.5 U/mL) and β-xylosidase (1.7 U/mL) production. T. wortmannii DR49 showed to be a potential candidate for xylanolytic enzymes production using agro wastes in bioreactors, which has never been previously reported in this fungus.

Abstract Tailor made enzymatic preparation must be design to hydrolyze efficiently plant biomass, once that each plant biomass possesses a distinct cell wall composition. Most of actinomycetes used for plant cell wall degradation are focused on the cellulases and xylanases production. However, a wide range of enzymes must be produced for an efficient degradation of lignocellulose materials. During the last decade several unusual environments were studied to obtain strains that produce glycohydrolases with innovator characteristics. In this context, the present work concerned the selection of endophytic actinomycetes as producers of hemicellulases and related enzymes with different enzymatic profiles, for use in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. A total of 45 Brazilian actinomycetes previously isolated from plants (endophytics) and soil were prospected for hemicellulases and β-glucosidase production. Four strains highlighted for hemicellulase production (DR61, DR63, DR69 and DR66) and were selected for cultivation under other inductors substrates (xylan and pectin). All strains belong to Streptomyces genera and have their extracts tested for degradation of several hemicellulolytic substrates. The strains presented different glicohydrolyse enzymes profiles mainly for xylans and glucans that can be used for specific formulations of enzymes applied on the biomass deconstruction, principally on sugar cane bagasse.

Abstract The optimization of culture medium with statistical methods is widely used in filamentous fungi glycosyl hydrolase production. The implementation of such methodology in bioreactors is very expensive as it requires several pH-controlled systems operating in parallel in order to test a large number of culture media components. The objective of this study was to evaluate potassium biphthalate buffer for pH control, which allows the optimization studies to be performed in shake flasks.The results have shown that buffering the culture medium with 0.1 M potassium biphthalate allowed pH control, resulting in a decrease of the standard deviation of triplicates for pH and activities of glycosyl hydrolase measurements. The use of this buffer allowed shake flask culture media optimization of enzyme production by Trichoderma harzianum, increasing the cellulase activity by more than 2 times compared to standard unbuffered culture medium. The same buffer can be used for culture media optimization of other fungi, such as Penicillium echinulatum.

Manipulation of the flux of substrates was utilized to control the amount of 3-hydroxyvalerate and 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoate produced by Burkohlderia sp. The 3HV production rate was directly proportional to the propionic acid uptake rate with the last one completely directed to 3HV biosynthesis. The 3HPE production rate was inversely proportional to the sucrose uptake rate probably due to operation of the glyoxylate cycle.

In recent years, several studies have been developed in Brazil to produce biodegradable materials. A particular family of bacterial polymers, the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), has received special attention. PHAs are thermoplastic, biodegradable, biocompatible, are synthesised from renewable resources and can substitute petrochemical plastics in some applications. Different aspects have been focused to increase productivity and to reduce the cost of PHA production: bacterial improvement, use of industrial by-products as raw material, bioreactor design, process operation strategies, downstream process, mathematical modelling, polymer characterisation, application and biodegradability of blends. A production process was transferred to industry and studies to produce new PHA by controlling monomer composition are in progress. All these aspects are presented in this review.