Abstract INTRODUCTION One year after WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic, we found it useful to carry out a diagnosis of the situation in Latin America. OBJECTIVES Examine the prevailing epidemiological panorama in mid-March 2021 in 16 countries in Latin America and the performance, over time, in the two countries with the best responses to their respective epidemics. METHODS Using morbidity and mortality data, we compared the relative performance of each country under review and identified the two countries with the most successful responses to the pandemic. We used five indicators to analyze the course of each country’s performance during the pandemic throughout 2020: prevalence of active cases per million population; cumulative incidence rate in 7 days per 100,000 population; positivity rate over a 7-day period; percentage of recovered patients and crude mortality rate per 1,000,000 population. RESULTS According to the performance indicators, Cuba was ranked highest, followed by Uruguay. Although figures remained within acceptable margins, both nations experienced notable setbacks in the first weeks of 2021, especially sharp in Uruguay. CONCLUSIONS Any characterization of the situation is condemned to be short-lived due to the emergence of mutational variants; however, this analysis identified favorable sociodemographic characteristics in both nations, and in their health systems, which may offer possible explanations for the results we obtained.

ABSTRACT Introduction: One year after the WHO declared the spread of SARS-COV-2 as a pandemic, we consider it useful to approach a diagnosis of the prevailing situation in the Latin American region. Objectives: To examine the prevailing epidemiological scenario in mid-March 2021 in 16 countries of the region, as well as performance over time in the two countries with best outcomes. Methods: Using morbidity and mortality data, we made a comparison of the relative performance of the countries considered and the two nations with the best results were identified. To quantitatively analyze the course followed by the epidemic process in these nations from the outbreak of COVID-19 until the moment of the analysis, 5 indicators were used: prevalence rate of active cases per million inhabitants, cumulative incidence rate in 7 days per 100.000 inhabitants, positivity rate in 7 days, percentage of recovered patients and crude mortality rate per million inhabitants. Results: The top position of Cuba was shown, followed by Uruguay, according to the performance indicators considered. Although the figures remain within acceptable margins, the setback that both nations have experienced in the first weeks of 2021 was revealed, especially marked in Uruguay. Conclusions: Any characterization of the situation is condemned to be transitory due to the mutant nature of the epidemic. However, the examination of twelve complete months allowed to identify that the favorable socio-demographic characteristics of both nations, as well as those of their health systems, provide possible explanations for the results obtained.

RESUMEN Introducción: Transcurrido un año desde que la OMS declaró la diseminación del SARS-COV-2 como una pandemia, consideramos útil realizar un diagnóstico de la situación prevaleciente en la región latinoamericana. Objetivos: Examinar el panorama epidemiológico prevaleciente a mediados del mes de marzo de 2021 en 16 países de la región y el desempeño en el tiempo en los dos países con mejores resultados. Métodos: Con los datos de morbilidad y mortalidad, se realizó una comparación del desempeño relativo de los países considerados y se identificaron las dos naciones con mejores resultados. Para analizar cuantitativamente el derrotero seguido por el proceso epidémico en dichas naciones a lo largo de 2020, se usaron 5 indicadores: tasa de prevalencia de casos activos por millón de habitantes, tasa de incidencia acumulada en 7 días por 100 mil habitantes, tasa de positividad en 7 días, porcentaje de enfermos recuperados y tasa cruda de mortalidad por millón de habitantes. Resultados: Se constató la posición cimera de Cuba en primer lugar, seguido de Uruguay según los indicadores de desempeño considerados. Aunque las cifras se mantienen dentro de márgenes aceptables, se puso de manifiesto el retroceso que ambas naciones han experimentado en las primeras semanas de 2021, especialmente acusado en Uruguay. Conclusiones: Cualquier caracterización de la situación está condenada a ser efímera por la naturaleza mutante de la epidemia; no obstante, el análisis permite identificar que los favorables rasgos sociodemográficos de ambas naciones, así como los de sus sistemas de salud aportan posibles explicaciones para los resultados obtenidos.