Hematological problems are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory impairment is the higher point studied, although without experimental studies related to the oxygen transport performed by erythrocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate if erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients have their functionality changed. The case-control study included hospitalized patients with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result admitted to University Hospital. Volunteers (negative RT-PCR results) were recruited as a control group. Thus, we assessed different erythrocytes parameters, oxidative stress markers, and biophysical studies using whole blood and isolated hemoglobin. We found a decrease of 51% in oxygen uptake and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Raman spectrometry showed structural changes in the hemoglobin and lipids of the erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients; thus, these results were consolidated with an increase in Young’s modulus in erythrocytes followed by morphology changes. Besides, isolated hemoglobin from COVID-19 patients has a distinct interaction profile using a ligand model compared to the control. COVID-19 leads to structural, functional, and morphological damage to human erythrocytes. Our data showed structural and molecular changes and induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by COVID-19, a new perspective on the contribution of erythrocytes to a respiratory commitment in COVID-19.

The objective was to evaluate different levels of crambe cake protein (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg of DM) to replace soybean meal protein on the intake, apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC), blood glucose, ruminal fermentation, and protozoal population in lambs. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, 40 crossbred male lambs weighing 20 ± 3.45 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, to study intake and ruminal parameters. In experiment two, 25 crossbred male lambs weighing 23.44 ± 1.04 kg were used to study digestibility. The intake of dry matter and total carbohydrate (TC) (kg/lambs/day and g/kg0.75), crude protein (kg/lambs/day) and final body weight decreased with increase of crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein, while ether extract ( EE) intake (kg/lambs/day and g/kg075) increased. The ADC of EE presented a positive linear effect and the ADC of TC and non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a negative linear effect. There was no interaction within treatments and collection period (0, 3, 6 and 9 h) on ruminal fluid characteristics. Blood glucose presented a quadratic effect for levels of crambe cake protein in diets (max. P = 35.18%), and linear increase for collection period. Ruminal pH showed a quadratic effect for sampling hours (max. P = 5.43 h). For protozoa evaluation, the total amount, Entodinium, and Eudiplodium presented linear decreasing effects with treatment, while Isotricha, Eudiplodium, Ostracodinium and the total amount of protozoa had a linear decrease with sampling hours. Soybean meal protein can be replaced by crambe cake protein at up to 250 g/kg DM.

This study was developed to examine the performance, carcass and cut yields, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal histomorphometry of chickens fed diets supplemented with protected sodium butyrate until 21 days of age. Two experiments were conducted, both of which involved the following treatments: basal diet with inclusion of an antibiotic; basal diet without antibiotic or protected sodium butyrate (PSB; control); basal diet with inclusion of 225 g/t PSB in the pre-starter and starter phases; and basal diet with inclusion of 300 g/t PSB in the pre-starter and starter phases. In the first experiment, 784 male broiler chicks were distributed into the four treatments, with seven replicates of 28 birds, to evaluate performance and carcass and cut yields. In experiment II, 280 male broiler chicks were distributed into the four treatments, with seven replicates of 10 birds, to evaluate intestinal digestibility and histomorphometry. At 42 days of age, the broilers supplemented with 225 g/t PSB had a higher average final weight than the control group. At seven days, the chickens supplemented with 300 g/t PSB exhibited the highest duodenal villus height; those supplemented with 225 or 300g/t PSB or antibiotic showed the greatest jejunal villus height; and those treated with 225 g/t PSB exhibited the highest jejunal villus/crypt ratio. At 21 days of age, the broilers that received 225 g/t PSB showed the highest duodenal and jejunal villus height. The use of protected sodium butyrate in chicken diets up to 21 days of age improves intestinal development and performance until slaughter age.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar o efeito dos seguintes produtos sobre bovinos leiteiros, parasitados por Rhipicephalus microplus: organossintéticos - clorfenvinfós e ivermectina (OG); fitoterápicos - óleo de eucalipto (EG) e torta de Neem (NG) e homeopatia (HG). O grupo controle (CG) não recebeu tratamento. Foram avaliados infestação por R. microplus (MIC) e ganho de peso/grupo (GP) em 60 animais (5 grupos), a partir de – holandês/zebu, com idade entre 25 e 44 meses e peso inicial entre 211 e 477kg. EG e NG apresentaram MIC 84,9% e 14,0% maior que CG, respectivamente (P<0,05; P=0). HG e OG apresentaram MIC menor que CG 24,4% e 16,9%, respectivamente (P<0,05; P<0,05). EG, NG e OG obtiveram GP menor que CG em 7,9%, 8,9% e 8,06% (P<0,05), respectivamente. O GP do HG foi 4,9% maior (P<0,05) que o CG. Esta foi a primeira pesquisa a comprovar controle do parasitismo por R. microplus em teste a campo, usando homeopatia. A metodologia para escolha de medicamentos homeopáticos para controle de enzootias, desenvolvida e testada pela primeira vez neste estudo, mostrou-se adequada e eficiente, abrindo a possibilidade para estabelecimento de nova metodologia para controle estratégico do parasitismo por R. microplus.

ABSTRACT The goal of this research was to compare the effect of the following products on dairy cattle, parasitized by Rhipicephalus microplus: organosynthetics - Clorfenvinfós and Ivermectina (OG); phytotherapics - Eucalyptus oil (EG) and Neem cake (NG); Homeopathy (HG); The control group (CG) received no treatment. Infestation was by R. microplus (MIC) and weight gain (GP) were evaluated. The study included 60 animals (5 groups) from – Dutch / Zebu, aged between 25-44 months and initial weight between 211-477kg. EG and NG showed MIC 84.9% and 14.0% greater than CG, respectively (P <0.05; P = 0). HG and OG had MIC less than CG 24.4% and 16.9%, respectively (P<0.05; P <0.05). EG, NG and OG obtained GP lower than CG in 7.9%, 8.9% and 8.06% (P <0.05) respectively. The HG GP was 4.9% higher (P <0.05) than CG. This was the first research to prove parasitism control by R. microplus in a field test, using homeopathy. The methodology for choosing Homeopathy for the control of enzooties, developed and tested for the first time in this study, proved to be adequate and efficient, opening the possibility for establishing a new methodology for strategic control of parasitism by R. microplus.

Resumo O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar a caracterização fitoquímica, determinar fenóis totais, potencial antioxidante (AAO%) e antimicrobiano dos extratos etanólicos de carambola O estudo fitoquímico foi realizado por meio de análise qualitativa dos constituintes químicos e determinação quantitativa do teor de fenóis totais pelo teste de Folin-Ciocalteu. Os testes antioxidantes qualitativos e quantitativos foram realizados pelo método do DPPH (2,2 difenil-1- picril-hidrazila) e redução do ferro (FRAP). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada por microdiluição em placas de 96 poços. Foi identificada a presença de taninos pirogálicos, esteroides e saponinas. O maior teor de fenóis totais, quantificado nas amostras, foi encontrado na casca do caule (0,0866 mg EAG/g) e no fruto (0,0734 mg EAG/g). Na avaliação antioxidante destacaram-se a 500 µg/mL os extratos do bagaço do fruto verde (AAO% 71,9%,), e casca do caule a 50 µg/mL (AAO% 94%) com CE50 23,7 µg/mL. Os extratos das folhas, casca do caule, bagaço do fruto maduro e bagaço do fruto verde apresentaram CIM de 100 µg/mL contra bactérias e fungos patogênicos multirresistentes.

Abstract The objective of this work was to perform the phytochemical characterization, to determine total phenols, antioxidant (AAO%) and antimicrobial potential of the ethanolic extracts of carambola. The phytochemical study was carried out through a qualitative analysis of the chemical constituents and quantitative determination of the phenol content By the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Qualitative and quantitative antioxidant tests were performed using the DPPH method (2,2 diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila) and iron reduction (FRAP). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution in 96-well plates. The presence of pyrogallic tannins, steroids and saponins has been identified. The highest total phenol content, quantified in the samples, was found in the stem bark (0.0866 mgEAG/g) and in the fruit (0.0734 mgEAG/g). In the antioxidant evaluation, the extracts of the green fruit bagasse (AAO% 71.9%,) and stem bark at 50 μg/mL (AAO% 94%) with CE50 23.7 μg/mL. Leaf extracts, stem bark, ripe fruit bagasse and green fruit bagasse presented MICs of 100 μg/mL against multiresistant pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Abstract In this work, we report the synthesis of YbxZn1-xO nanoparticles (0.000 ≤x≤ 0.100) by polymer precursor method and the study of their vibrational and structural properties. Thermal analysis of the polymeric precursor showed that the thermal decomposition occurs in few stages, with the crystallization of the wurtzite structure taking place at a temperature below 500 C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of Zn-O and Yb-O bonds. X-ray diffraction data showed the formation of the ZnO wurtzite phase for all samples. The application of the Rietveld method revealed a decrease in the average particle size and an increasing trend in unit cell volume as the Yb3+ content increased. Additionally, the nearest-neighbor bond lengths along and off the c-direction, as well as the bond angles, were calculated. The results obtained provided additional evidence on the efficiency of Yb3+ doping by the polymer precursor method.

Resumo Em janeiro de 2018, um macho jovem de Didelphis aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826), o gambá-de-orelha-preta, foi recebido para atendimento veterinário na Clínica de Recuperação de Animais Silvestres (CRAS) da Universidade Estácio de Sá, no Rio de Janeiro, por ser portador de membro posterior direito parcialmente duplicado. Após exame radiográfico, constatou-se a ocorrência de polimelia associada a sindactilia. As imagens radiográficas revelaram as seguintes alterações no membro posterior direito: um fêmur com diâmetro aumentado, duas tíbias, duas fíbulas e ausência de hálux. As malformações observadas restringiram-se apenas ao membro posterior direito, o qual mantém sua funcionalidade. Essas alterações nunca antes foram descritas na espécie Didelphis aurita.

Abstract In January 2018, a young male of Didelphis aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826), the Brazilian common opossum, was admitted for veterinary evaluation at the Recovery Clinic of Wild Animals of Estácio de Sá University, CRAS, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, due to the presence of a partially duplicated right hind limb. After x-ray evaluation, polymelia associated with syndactyly was diagnosed. The images revealed the following alterations on the right limb: single femur with increased diameter, two tibiae, two fibulae and absence of hallux. The observed malformations were restricted to the hind right limb, which remains functional. This is the first report of such anomalies in an individual of Didelphis aurita.

Resumo Este trabalho versa acerca das percepções das crianças em relação à participação, enquanto direito de se envolver e transformar o contexto socioeducacional, de acordo com seus desejos, intenções e produções. Depois de situar a discussão sobre a participação enquanto direito garantido pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e pela Lei da Primeira Infância, apresentamos como esse processo investigativo emergiu na Escola Viva Olho do Tempo, periferia da cidade de João Pessoa – Paraíba. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica, a partir da observação participante emergida com as crianças enquanto co-pesquisadoras, possibilitando o reconhecimento de seus movimentos emancipatórios ao buscarem garantir e reivindicar o direito à participação, ou não, naquele contexto. Objetivamos refletir a respeito de como as crianças (re)conhecem e tecem suas participações ocupando/participando nos cantos na escola, entre os acordos e conflitos, em suas relações intra e intergeracionais. Ao considerar seus tempos-espaços de afetos e aprendizagens, revelamos como os direitos das crianças são experienciados, entendidos e (re)inventados por elas. Concluímos que é no sentir de suas práticas e experiências, entre as forças e poderes que circundam suas relações, que as crianças aprendem os sentidos de como podem reivindicar, conquistar e (re)criar, em suas alteridades, o direito de participar ou não das práticas no contexto educacional.

Abstract This article focuses on children’s perceptions of participation, as their right to get involved and transform the socio-educational context, according to their wishes, intentions and productions. Having placed the discussion on children’s participation as a right guaranteed by the Statute of Children and Adolescents (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente) and the Law of Early Childhood, we present how this investigative process emerged at Escola Viva Olho do Tempo, in the outskirts of the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraíba. From a methodological point of view, this is an ethnographic research, based on the participant’s observation that emerged with the children as co-researchers, enabling the recognition of their emancipatory movements when seeking to guarantee and claim the right to participate, or not, in that context. We aim to reflect on how children learn about, recognize and build their participation by occupying /participating in the corners of the school, among agreements and conflicts, in their intra and intergenerational relationships. When considering their time-spaces of affection and learning, we reveal how children’s rights are experienced, understood and (re) invented by them. We conclude that by feeling their practices and experiences, among forces and powers that surround their relationships, children learn how they can claim, conquer and (re)create, in their alterities, the right to participate or not in the practices in the educational context.

Abstract This work shows the construction, calibration and validation of a system to determine sound speed in liquids. We used the pulse method for the measurements. Piezoelectric transducers are used to transmit and receive acoustic wave pulses. The pulse travel time is determined by a counter implemented in a logic programmable device (FPGA). Initially the system is calibrated using pure water. We performed measurements in NaCl and CuSO4 solutions at different concentrations. The system detected speed variations of approximately 1.0 m/s in relation to the concentrations. Therefore, from didactical point of view, it is possible to perform experiments where small changes in the impurities concentration can be detected and measured. Further, the construction or even the enhancement of the system may be stimulant to students devoted to electronic instrumentation.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um programa experimental para determinar a resistência residual de vigas em concreto armado bi-apoiadas sujeitas à flexão pura após incêndios. Também é apresentado um modelo numérico tridimensional, não linear, em elementos finitos, capaz de prever o comportamento térmico e mecânico (residual) deste tipo de elemento estrutural. As vigas não apresentaram redução significativa na sua resistência residual até 120 min. de exposição ao fogo, caracterizando um bom desempenho após incêndio. O modelo numérico mostrou-se preciso na previsão das temperaturas e da carga de ruptura residual quando comparado aos resultados experimentais.

Abstract This paper presents an experimental program to determine the residual strength of simple supported reinforced concrete beams subject to bending after fire. Also presented is a three-dimensional, nonlinear finite element model capable of predicting the thermal and mechanical (residual) behavior of this type of structural element. The experimental results obtained with beams under up to 120 min. of fire exposure show that it did not have significant reduction in their residual resistance. The numerical model was accurate in predicting temperatures and residual strength when compared to the experimental results.

Resumen Este artículo presenta un programa experimental para determinar la resistencia residual de vigas en hormigón armado bi-apoyadas sujetas a la flexión pura después de los incendios. También se presenta un modelo tridimensional, no lineal, en elementos finitos capaces de predecir el comportamiento térmico y mecánico (residual) de este tipo de elemento estructural. Las vigas presentaron hasta 120 minutos de exposición al fuego, un buen desempeño después de incendio, no presentando una reducción significativa en su resistencia residual, y el modelo numérico se mostró preciso en la previsión de las temperaturas y de la carga de ruptura residual cuando es comparado con los resultados experimentales.

Objective: Sleep apnea has been associated with anxiety, but the mechanisms of the sleep apnea-anxiety relationship are unresolved. Sleep apnea causes oxidative stress, which might enhance anxiety-like behavior in rodents. To clarify the apnea-anxiety connection, we tested the effect of intermittent hypoxia, a model of sleep apnea, on the anxiety behavior of mice. Methods: The rodents were exposed daily to 480 one-minute cycles of intermittent hypoxia to a nadir of 7±1% inspiratory oxygen fraction or to a sham procedure with room air. After 7 days, the mice from both groups were placed in an elevated plus maze and were video recorded for 10 min to allow analysis of latency, frequency, and duration in open and closed arms. Glyoxalase-1 (Glo1) and glutathione reductase-1 (GR1) were measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum by Western blotting. Results: Compared to controls, the intermittent hypoxia group displayed less anxiety-like behavior, perceived by a statistically significant increase in the number of entries and total time spent in open arms. A higher expression of GR1 in the cortex was also observed. Conclusion: The lack of a clear anxiety response as an outcome of intermittent hypoxia exposure suggests the existence of additional layers in the anxiety mechanism in sleep apnea, possibly represented by sleepiness and irreversible neuronal damage.

In this work, we present a little explored alternative for the study and classification of thermodynamic variables. Some methods in the theory of ordinary differential equations not only support the use and calculation of these variables but also assists the physicochemical interpretation. We explore the Euler's criterion as a resource to study and differentiate the state functions and process variables useful in chemical thermodynamics. For this purpose, we carry out the development of the differentials and their analysis in a simple, rigorous, and progressive way, in accordance with the level of the topics treated in graduate courses of physical chemistry and classical thermodynamics.

The high Si and Al contents in the amorphous phase of coal fly ash have been used for its conversion into zeolites. This process converts a toxic low-value by-product into a product used in a number of environmental applications, but has the disadvantage of introducing contaminants. Despite the large number of studies on the conversion of fly ash into zeolites, few report this drawback or discuss the efficiency of the proposed processes from a technical or ecological perspective. In this respect, the present study conducts a detailed assessment of two routes for integrated hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites 4A and Na-P1 obtained from coal fly ash. The processes are evaluated and compared in relation to the presence of undesirable metals and elements in the different steps of synthesis, as well as the feedstock and final product. Different performance parameters are presented and applied in the assessment of both processes and the most sustainable is recommended.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo experimental, de um incêndio em dormitório de edificações tipicamente incendiadas na cidade de Recife - Brasil. Utilizou-se um cômodo em estrutura de concreto armado e vedação de tijolos cerâmicos da oficina de treinamento do Corpo de Bombeiros, que foi reformado e adequado para o experimento. Este compartimento foi preparado com mobiliário e objetos encontrados em incêndios ocorridos na cidade no triênio 2011-2013. Realizou-se 24 aferições térmicas com termopares tipo K, buscando-se o comportamento térmico no dormitório, no mobiliário e paredes nas faces interna e externa. O experimento foi monitorado através de imagens VHS e câmara térmica mostrando um eficaz resfriamento nas paredes com uso do jato atomizado aplicado pela equipe de combate a incêndio.

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of an experimental research, of a fire in dormitory of buildings typically burned in Recife city - Brazil. A room in the workshop of the Firemen Corporation, in a structure of reinforced concrete with a fence of ceramic bricks, has been used; such room has been remade and adapted for the research. This compartment has been prepared with furniture and objects generally found in fires happened in the city during the period between 2011 and 2013. They have made 24 thermic admeasurements with type K thermocouples, looking for the thermic behavior in the dormitory, in the furniture and walls, in both internal and external sides. The experiment has been monitored through VHS images and thermic camera, showing an effective cooling down on the walls with atomized flush, applied by the firefighting team.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio experimental de un incendio en dormitorio de edificaciones típicamente incendiadas en la ciudad de Recife - Brasil. Se ha utilizado una habitación en estructura de hormigón armado y sello en blocs cerámicos, del taller de entrenamiento del Cuerpo de Bomberos, que ha sido remodelado y adecuado para el experimento. Este compartimiento ha sido preparado con mueblería y objetos encontrados en incendios ocurridos en la ciudad en el trienio 2011-2013. Se ha realizado 24 mediciones térmicas con termopares tipo K, en la búsqueda del comportamiento térmico del dormitorio, en la mueblería y paredes, en la faz interna y externa. El experimento ha sido seguido por medio de imágenes VHS y cámara térmica, mostrando un eficaz enfriamiento en las paredes con el uso del jacto atomizado, aplicado por el equipo de combate a incendio.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a extração/exportação de macronutrientes por cladódios colhidos da palma forrageira ‘Gigante’, cultivada sob diferentes espaçamentos e doses de esterco bovino aplicadas ao solo aos 600 dias após o plantio. Foram utilizados 12 tratamentos, três espaçamentos (1,00 x 0,50; 2,00 x 0,25 e 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m) e quatro doses de esterco bovino (0; 30; 60 e 90 Mg ha-1 ano-1), dispostos em fatorial 3 x 4 num delineamento em blocos casualizados e três repetições. Determinaram-se a extração/exportação de: N, P, K, S, Ca e Mg cujos respectivos valores para máxima produção de matéria seca (21,8 Mg ha-1), com uma dose de esterco de 71,8 Mg ha-1 ano-1 foram: 287,9; 46,2; 924,2; 40,7; 609,7 e 249,1 kg ha-1, aos 600 dias após plantio. As quantidades extraídas de N, P, K e Ca variaram de forma independente com espaçamentos e doses de esterco enquanto as de Mg e S foram dependentes da interação entre os fatores. As doses de esterco são insuficientes para atender às quantidades extraídas/exportadas de K, Ca e Mg. Os incrementos nas doses promovem maior extração de nutrientes pela planta. Os macronutrientes extraídos/exportados em maior quantidade são: K, Ca, N, Mg, P e S, nesta ordem.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the extraction/exportation of macronutrients by cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactos pear, grown under diferente spacings and doses of cattle manure applied to the soil 600 days after planting. Twelve treatments were used, three spacing (1.00 x 0.50; 2.00 x 0.25 and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m) and four doses of cattle manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1), arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, with three replicates. The extraction/exportation of N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg was determined, whose respective values for maximum dry matter production (21.8 Mg ha-1), with a cattle manure dose of 71.8 Mg ha-1 year-1 were: 287.9, 46.2, 924.2, 40.7, 609.7 and 249.1 kg ha-1, 600 days after planting. The amounts extracted/exported from N, P, K and Ca varied independently with spacings and manure doses, while Mg and S were dependent on the interaction between factors. The doses of manure are insufficient to meet the demand of extracted/exported K, Ca and Mg. The increments in the doses promote greater nutrient uptake by the plant. The extracted/exported macronutrients in largest amounts are: K, Ca, N, Mg, P and S, in this order.