ABSTRACT The bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola, is the most important bacterial disease of grapevines cultivated in tropical areas. The objectives of this study were to select grape hybrids resistant to bacterial canker based on genotypic values and to evaluate the response of seedless grape hybrids to artificial infection with bacterial canker. Two experiments were conducted. The field experiment (Experiment I) was conducted with 569 hybrids, evaluated for symptoms of bacterial canker, in the absence of an experimental design, using a single individual of each genotype. Experiment II was conducted in a greenhouse, where ten seedless grape hybrids were evaluated in terms of incubation period, incidence, severity, and area under the progress curve of bacterial canker disease incidence, in a completely randomized design. The use of the residual maximum likelihood/best unbiased linear prediction methodology allowed the selection of 40 grape hybrids with lower genotypic values for resistance to bacterial canker. The CPATSA 49.25 and CPATSA 49.86 hybrids showed greater resistance to bacterial canker in all epidemiological parameters evaluated under greenhouse conditions. pv viticola areas I 56 design genotype period incidence severity likelihoodbest likelihood best 4 4925 49 25 49.2 4986 86 49.8 conditions 5 492 2 49. 498 8

ABSTRACT The pear tree (Pyrus spp.) is a fruit tree of temperate climate, so it needs a certain number of hours under cold temperatures to overcome its natural dormancy. It can be cultivated in the tropics, but few regions have cold enough winters to overcome the natural dormancy of pear trees. For this purpose, it is necessary to select cultivars with less need for cold conditions combined with the use of bud-inducing to sprouting and flowering products. This study aimed to test doses of hydrogenated cyanamide (Dormex) to break dormancy and induce bud sprouting in different pear cultivars under subtropical conditions. The branches of five pear tree cultivars, ‘Cascatense’, ‘Primorosa’, ‘Seleta’, ‘Packham’s Triumph’, and ‘William’s’, were sprayed with Dormex (a commercial product containing 52% hydrogen cyanamide, CH2N2) at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5% or with water (control). The trees were evaluated at two, four, six, eight, 10, and 12 weeks after the application of the treatments in two consecutive years. The European pear trees ‘William’s’ and ‘Packham’s Triumph’ showed low budding rates compared to hybrid pear trees. Hybrid pear showed better performance in subtropical regions, with higher budding rates, than European pear. CH2N2 efficiently induces bud sprouting of pear, with especially 4 and 5% Dormex. Pyrus spp. spp climate tropics purpose budinducing inducing products (Dormex ‘Cascatense, Cascatense ‘Cascatense , ‘Cascatense’ ‘Primorosa, Primorosa ‘Primorosa ‘Primorosa’ ‘Seleta, Seleta ‘Seleta ‘Seleta’ ‘Packhams Packhams ‘Packham s Packham Triumph, Triumph ‘Williams, Williams ‘William William 52 CHN CH N 1 2 3 5 control. control . (control) four six eight 10 years ‘Williams ‘William’s CH2N (control

ABSTRACT The economic exploration of pear in the subtropical areas is possible when using hybrid cultivars obtained by crossing European (Pyrus communis) and Asian cultivars (Pyrus pyrifolia). Genetic improvement programs in Brazil have launched some cultivars in recent decades. Pear requires cross-pollination to improve fruit set in commercial plantations. In the case of these hybrid pear trees, the combinations of pollen receptor and donor cultivars that are best for cultivation in subtropical regions are not known. The objective of this study was to select cultivars with the potential to be pollinators of pear trees in subtropical regions. Four cultivars that received pollen grains (mother plants) (‘Packham’s Triumph’, ‘Tenra’, ‘Triunfo’, and ‘Seleta’) and three donors (‘Cascatense’, ‘Primorosa’, and ‘Shinseiki’) were used. Stigmatic receptivity was observed in all cultivars during all stages of reproductive development. All cultivars had highly viable pollen grains. The cultivar ‘Seleta’ was the best recipient cultivar. The ‘Seleta’ × ‘Shinseiki’ cross showed the highest percentages of fruiting. The highest percentages of pistils with pollen tubes reaching the ovary were observed in the crosses ‘Triunfo’ × ‘Shinseiki’ and ‘Seleta’ × ‘Shinseiki’. The ‘Shinseiki’ pear is an option as a pollinator of crops in subtropical regions. Pyrus communis pyrifolia. pyrifolia . pyrifolia) decades crosspollination pollination plantations known mother plants ‘Packhams Packhams ‘Packham s Packham Triumph, Triumph , Triumph’ ‘Tenra, Tenra ‘Tenra ‘Tenra’ ‘Triunfo, Triunfo ‘Triunfo ‘Seleta Seleta ‘Cascatense, Cascatense ‘Cascatense (‘Cascatense’ ‘Primorosa, Primorosa ‘Primorosa ‘Primorosa’ ‘Shinseiki Shinseiki used development fruiting ‘Shinseiki. (‘Cascatense

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants with micro-nano textured surfaces functionalized with strontium additions (Sr) in a pre-clinical rat tibia model. Methodology Ti commercially pure (cp-Ti) implants were installed bilaterally in the tibia of 64 Holtzman rats, divided into four experimental groups (n=16/group): (1) Machined surface - control (C); (2) Micro-nano textured surface treatment (MN); (3) Micro-nano textured surface with Sr2+ addition (MNSr); and (4) Micro-nano textured surface with a higher complementary addition of Sr2+ (MNSr+). In total, two experimental euthanasia periods were assessed at 15 and 45 days (n=8/period). The tibia was subjected to micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), histomorphometry with the EXAKT system, removal torque (TR) testing, and gene expression analysis by PCR-Array of 84 osteogenic markers. Gene expression and protein production of bone markers were performed in an in vitro model with MC3T3-E1 cells. The surface characteristics of the implants were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results SEM, confocal, and EDS analyses demonstrated the formation of uniform micro-nano textured surfaces in the MN group and Sr addition in the MNSr and MNSr+ groups. TR test indicated greater osseointegration in the 45-day period for treated surfaces. Histological analysis highlighted the benefits of the treatments, especially in cortical bone, in which an increase in bone-implant contact was found in groups MN (15 days) and MNSr (45 days) compared to the control group. Gene expression analysis of osteogenic activity markers showed modulation of various osteogenesis-related genes. According to the in vitro model, RT-qPCR and ELISA demonstrated that the treatments favored gene expression and production of osteoblastic differentiation markers. Conclusions Micro-nano textured surface and Sr addition can effectively improve and accelerate implant osseointegration and is, therefore, an attractive approach to modifying titanium implant surfaces with significant potential in clinical practice. (Ti micronano micro nano (Sr preclinical pre cpTi cp (cp-Ti 6 rats n=16/group n16group ngroup n 16 (n=16/group) 1 (1 C (C) 2 (2 Micronano Micro (MN) 3 (3 Sr2 (MNSr) 4 (4 MNSr+. . (MNSr+) total n=8/period. n8period nperiod n=8/period 8 (n=8/period) microcomputed computed μCT, μCT μ CT , (μ-CT) system (TR testing PCRArray PCR Array MC3T3E1 MCTE MC3T3 E1 MC T E MC3T3-E cells SEM (SEM) energydispersive energy dispersive EDS, (EDS) 45day day boneimplant osteogenesisrelated osteogenesis related genes RTqPCR RT qPCR is therefore practice (n=16/group ( (C (MN (MNSr (MNSr+ (n=8/period (μ-CT MC3T3E MCT MC3T (SEM (EDS

ABSTRACT Increasing orchard density is an alternative approach for enhancing productivity of the fig tree. In addition to promoting better utilization of productive areas, increased density allows for the optimization of plant management. In some situations, it may be necessary to alter the pruning system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the practices of reducing spacing and lopping shoots enhance green fig production for industrial purposes. The research was conducted in southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil (21°14’S and 45°00’W, 918 m in height) in an area with a tropical highland climate. A 3 × 2 factorial scheme was adopted, with three different plant spacings (0.50, 0.75, or 1 m, totaling plant densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 fig trees per hectare, respectively), and plants were managed with and without the lopping of productive shoots. The spacing between planting rows was standardized to 2.5 m. Two productive shoots were retained on all trees. In the lopping treatment, after the emergence of the 16th leaf, the shoot was topped (i.e., the apical bud was removed), and two new shoots were selected per productive shoot. Additional loppings were performed later, always after the emergence of the sixth leaf, totaling three loppings. Data were collected from each plot, which consisted of three useful plants, during two production cycles. It was concluded that smaller spacings decreased production per plant, but they increased green fig productivity. Lopping productive shoots increased fruit weight, the number of fruits per plant, and fig production. tree areas management situations system purposes State 21°14S 2114S S 21°14 21 14 45°00W, 4500W W 45°00 W, 45 00 45°00’W 91 height climate adopted 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 075 75 0.75 8000 8 000 8,000 5333 5 333 5,333 4000 4 4,00 hectare respectively, respectively , respectively) 25 2. treatment th leaf i.e., ie i e (i.e. removed, removed removed) later plot cycles weight 14S 2114 21°1 00W 45°00W 4500 45°0 9 0.50 05 (0.5 07 7 0.7 800 8,00 533 33 5,33 400 4,0 i.e. (i.e 211 21° 450 45° 0.5 (0. 0. 80 8,0 53 5,3 40 4, i.e (0 8, 5, (

Abstract The objective of this work was to quantify peach (Prunus persica) tree production in the Y-training and open-vase management systems, subjected to three summer pruning methods. The experiment was set up in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with two management systems and three summer pruning methods (no summer pruning, summer pruning, and branch bending). The plants were arranged in two spacings: 1.5×5.0 m for the Y-training system, with 1,334 plants per hectare; and 4.0×5.0 m for open-vase system, with 500 plants per hectare. In the early summer of 2019, summer pruning was performed, being repeated in the three following years. In the branch bending treatment, new branches were twisted manually until reaching an angle of 110°. In the treatment without summer pruning, the branches were not removed. The Y-training system increases peach production. The methods of branch bending in summer and no prunning in summer provide an equivalent peach production, whereas the summer pruning treatment results in the lowest production. Prunus persica Ytraining Y training openvase open vase x 2x arrangement bending. . bending) spacings 1550 1 5 0 1.5×5. 1334 334 1,33 hectare 4050 4 4.0×5. 50 2019 performed years 110 110° removed 155 1.5×5 133 33 1,3 405 4.0×5 201 11 15 1.5× 13 3 1, 40 4.0× 20 1.5 4.0 2 1. 4.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a produção de frutos de pessegueiros (Prunus persica) sob os sistemas de manejo Y e vaso aberto, sujeitos a três métodos de poda de verão. O experimento foi instalado em arranjo fatorial 2×3, com dois sistemas de manejo e três métodos de poda de verão (sem poda de verão, poda de verão e dobramento de galhos). As plantas foram dispostas em dois espaçamentos: 1,5×5,0 m para o sistema Y, com 1.334 plantas por hectare; e 4,0×5,0 m para o sistema vaso aberto, com 500 plantas por hectare. No início do verão de 2019, foram realizadas as podas de verão, que foram repetidas nos três anos consecutivos. No tratamento dobramento de galhos, os ramos novos foram torcidos manualmente até atingirem o ângulo de 110°. Já no tratamento sem poda de verão, os ramos não foram retirados. O sistema Y aumenta a produção de pêssego. Os tratamentos dobramento de galhos no verão e sem poda de verão proporcionam equivalente produção de pêssego, enquanto o tratamento poda de verão resulta na menor produção. Prunus persica aberto 23 2 3 2×3 galhos. . galhos) espaçamentos 1550 1 5 0 1,5×5, 1334 334 1.33 hectare 4050 4 4,0×5, 50 2019 consecutivos 110 110° retirados pêssego 2× 155 1,5×5 133 33 1.3 405 4,0×5 201 11 15 1,5× 13 1. 40 4,0× 20 1,5 4,0 1, 4,

Abstract The objective this work was to evaluate the productive performance of fig tree cultivars in the production of green figs for industrialization in Brazil. The Brunswick, Mini Figo, Troyano, Roxo de Valinhos, Bêbara Branca, Lemon, Três Num Prato, and Pingo de Mel fig tree cultivars were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with four blocks and eight treatments (fig tree cultivars) at a spacing of 3.0×1.5 m (2,222 plants per hectare). The experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024). Plants were pruned during dormancy. After bud break, two secondary lateral shoots were maintained (12 productive shoots). Green figs were harvested twice a week, and the total number of fruits per harvest and the total harvest weight per plant were quantified. The average production per plant (kg) and estimated yield (Mg ha−1) were calculated for each growing season, as well as fruit dimensions, shoot length and final mass, and harvest duration. The cultivars showed differences in their productive performance. Cultivar Troyano yielded the greatest quantity of fruits and provided a greater production and estimated yield. Brazil Brunswick Figo Valinhos Branca Lemon Prato evaluated 3015 3 0 1 5 3.0×1. 2,222 2222 2 222 (2,22 hectare. hectare . hectare) 2022/2023 20222023 2022 2023 (2022/202 2023/2024. 20232024 2023/2024 2024 2023/2024) dormancy break 12 (1 shoots. shoots) week quantified kg (kg Mg ha−1 ha1 ha season dimensions mass duration 301 3.0×1 2,22 22 (2,2 2022/202 2022202 202 (2022/20 2023202 2023/202 ( ha− 30 3.0× 2,2 (2, 2022/20 202220 20 (2022/2 202320 2023/20 3.0 2, (2 2022/2 20222 (2022/ 20232 2023/2 3. 2022/ (2022 2023/ (202 (20

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de cultivares de figueira na produção de figos verdes para a industrialização no Brasil. As cultivares de figo Brunswick, Mini Figo, Troyano, Roxo de Valinhos, Bêbara Branca, Lemon, Três num Prato e Pingo de Mel foram avaliadas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e oito tratamentos (cultivares de figueira), no espaçamento de 3,0×1,5 m (2.222 plantas por hectare). O experimento foi conduzido durante duas estações de crescimento (2022/2023 e 2023/2024). As plantas foram podadas no período de dormência. Após o início da brotação, foram conservadas duas brotações secundárias por haste lateral (12 hastes produtivas). Os figos verdes foram colhidos duas vezes por semana, tendo-se quantificado o número total de frutos por colheita e o peso total de colheita por planta. Foram calculadas a produção média por planta (kg) e a produtividade estimada (Mg ha−1) para cada estação de crescimento, bem como as dimensões dos frutos, o comprimento e a massa final das hastes, e a duração da colheita. As cultivares apresentaram diferenças no seu desempenho produtivo. A cultivar Troyano foi a que produziu maior quantidade de frutos e propiciou maior produção e produtividade estimada. Brasil Brunswick Figo Valinhos Branca Lemon avaliadas acaso figueira, , figueira) 3015 3 0 1 5 3,0×1, 2.222 2222 2 222 (2.22 hectare. hectare . hectare) 2022/2023 20222023 2022 2023 (2022/202 2023/2024. 20232024 2023/2024 2024 2023/2024) dormência brotação 12 (1 produtivas. produtivas produtivas) semana tendose tendo se kg (kg Mg ha−1 ha1 ha 301 3,0×1 2.22 22 (2.2 2022/202 2022202 202 (2022/20 2023202 2023/202 ( ha− 30 3,0× 2.2 (2. 2022/20 202220 20 (2022/2 202320 2023/20 3,0 2. (2 2022/2 20222 (2022/ 20232 2023/2 3, 2022/ (2022 2023/ (202 (20

ABSTRACT Mozambique is a country located in the southwest of the African continent. The country has great climatic diversity. The tropical monsoon (Am), tropical savanna (Aw), hot semiarid (BSh), and humid subtropical (Cwa and Cfa) and subtropical highland (Cwb) climates stand out. The regions classified a subtropical have climatic potential for the rational exploitation low and medium chill requirement of peach trees. There are already technologies for the cultivation of peach trees in subtropical regions in Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify the zoning of suitable areas and provide bases for the establishment and expansion of peach cultivation in Mozambique. Meteorological data from 108 stations and the geotechnological tool ArcGIS 10.1 were used to spatialize temperature, rainfall, and humidity data and then reclassify them for the generation of maps using the Geostatistical Analyst extension. In parallel, maps of mean annual temperatures and climate classification were used. Regions in the subtropical areas of Mozambique with suitable temperature and rainfall are viable for peach plantations. The results showed the Northwest, Central and South regions is more suitable for the economic exploitation of peaches trees. continent diversity Am, Am , (Am) Aw, Aw (Aw) BSh, BSh (BSh) Cwa Cfa Cwb (Cwb out Brazil 10 101 1 10. extension parallel plantations Northwest (Am (Aw (BSh

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do silício (Si) sobre o cultivo e a qualidade de framboesa (Rubus idaeus). O experimento consistiu de sete tratamentos e quatro blocos em região de clima subtropical. Cada parcela foi composta de três vasos com uma muda da framboeseira 'Batum'. Em cada vaso, o tratamento consistiu de doses de Si a 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 ou 1600 mg dm-3, que foram aplicadas ao solo 15 dias após o transplante das mudas. As análises de campo foram realizadas pela medição de clorofilas a e b, potencial hídrico e produção. Os frutos foram analisados quanto à cor, firmeza, taxa respiratória, sólidos solúveis e pH. A adubação com Si estimula o aumento do número de frutos e da produção de framboesa por planta. O silício promove o aumento da produção e a firmeza dos frutos, no entanto, reduz o potencial hídrico e a taxa de respiração. (Si Rubus idaeus. idaeus . idaeus) subtropical Batum. Batum 'Batum' vaso 0 50 100 200 400 80 160 dm3, dm3 dm 3, 3 dm-3 1 mudas b cor respiratória pH planta entanto respiração 'Batum 5 10 20 40 8 16 dm- 2 4

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) on the cultivation and quality of raspberries (Rubus idaeus). The experiment consisted of seven treatments and four blocks located in a subtropical region. Each plot consisted of three pots with one seedling of 'Batum' raspberry. In each pot, the treatment consisted of Si doses at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg dm-3, which were applied to the soil 15 days after the transplanting of the seedlings. Field analyses were performed by measuring chlorophyll a and b, water potential, and production. Fruit were analyzed for color, firmness, respiratory rate, soluble solids, and pH. Fertilization with Si stimulates the increase of fruit number and of the raspberry production per plant. The Si application increases the fruit production and fruit firmness; however, it reduces the water potential and respiration rate. (Si Rubus idaeus. idaeus . idaeus) region Batum 'Batum pot 0 50 100 200 400 800 160 dm3, dm3 dm 3, 3 dm-3 1 seedlings b color firmness rate solids pH plant however 5 10 20 40 80 16 dm- 2 4 8

Resumo Os frutos de amora-preta pertencem ao gênero Rubus, são frutos mais cultivados em clima moderado, no verão, com pouca luminosidade e baixa temperatura no inverno. Esses frutos têm por característica perecerem de forma rápida após a colheita, e os modelos de regressão, mais especificamente, os não lineares, de crescimento sigmoide simples ou duplo, são mais recomendados para se modelar o crescimento de seres vivos. Diversos autores utilizam esses modelos, levando em consideração apenas os dados médios dos indivíduos em estudo; contudo, não levam em consideração a variabilidade existente entre eles. Uma forma de captar melhor a variabilidade existente entre os indivíduos é utilizando os modelos não lineares de efeitos mistos que, por definição, combinam a parte fixa e aleatória no mesmo modelo. Os dados utilizados, neste trabalho, foram o diâmetro e o comprimentodos frutos de amora-preta, cultivar Choctaw. Os efeitos aleatórios dos modelos foramtestados nos parâmetros, com algumas etapas, a fim de chegar ao modelo mais adequado. Para os modelos de efeitos fixos, o método de mínimos quadrados foram utilizados, e para os modelos mistos a verossimilhança restrita. Para se chegar ao modelo que melhor seajuste aos dados, os critérios qualidade de ajuste (R 2aj, AICc and TRV) foram utilizados. Para odiâmetro dos frutos, o modelo não linear sigmoide simples foi o logístico, com efeitoaleatório no ß1 and ß2; já, para o comprimento, foi o Logístico + Logístico, tendo o efeitoaleatório no ß1 and ß4. amorapreta amora preta Rubus moderado verão inverno colheita regressão especificamente duplo vivos estudo contudo eles definição utilizados trabalho amorapreta, preta, Choctaw parâmetros etapas adequado fixos restrita R 2aj aj TRV logístico ß ß2 já comprimento ß4

Abstract Blackberry fruits belong to the genus Rubus, are fruits more cultivated in temperate climate in the summer, with low luminosity and low temperature in the winter. These fruits have as characteristic the quickperishingafter harvest and regression models, more specifically, nonlinear models, single or double sigmoid growth curve, are more recommended to model the growth of living beings. Several authors have used these models, considering only the average data of individuals under study; however, they do not consider the variability between them. One way to better capture the variability between individuals is by using mixed-effects nonlinear models that, by definition, combine the fixed and random part in the same model. Data used in this work were diameter and length of ‘Choctaw’ blackberry fruits, . The random effects of models were tested on parameters, with some steps, in order to reach the most appropriate model. For fixed-effects models, the least squares method was used, and for mixed models, the restricted likelihood was used. To reach the model that best fits data, the fit quality criteria (R2, AIC c and TRV) were used. For fruit diameter, the simple sigmoid nonlinear model was the logistic with random effect in ß1 and ß2, and for fruit length, the model was the Logistic + Logistic, with random effect in ß1 and ß4. Rubus summer winter specifically curve beings study however them mixedeffects definition ‘Choctaw Choctaw parameters steps fixedeffects R2, R2 R (R2 TRV ß ß2 ß4 (R

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o manejo da poda das cultivares de amoreira-preta BRS Tupy e Brazos, para prolongar sua época de colheita e produtividade de frutos. O experimento foi realizado em uma região subtropical de altitude, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os arbustos foram conduzidos em espaçamento 3.0x0.5 m. Os tratamentos consistiram das seguintes quatro épocas de poda: uma poda convencional, com supressão das hastes produzidas em fevereiro e redução das hastes em julho; e três podas drásticas realizadas nas primeiras duas semanas de janeiro, março e maio, com aplicação de ureia a 10% e cianamida hidrogenada a 3% cinco meses depois. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x4, com duas cultivares e quatro manejos de podas, com quatro blocos. A fenologia, a produção e a qualidade físico-química das frutas foram avaliadas em dois ciclos produtivos. É possível estender a época da colheita da amora preta para cinco meses, na região subtropical de altitude de Lavras, no estado de Minas Gerais, com poda drástica em janeiro e sem irrigação. A poda drástica em janeiro ou março aumenta a produção das cultivares de amora-preta BRS Tupy e Brazos. O período prolongado de colheita não afeta a qualidade das amoras e não cria desafios para as operações de colheita. amoreirapreta amoreira Brazos frutos Gerais Brasil 30x05 x 3 0x0 5 3.0x0. m convencional julho maio 10 depois acaso 2x4 fenologia físicoquímica físico química produtivos Lavras irrigação amorapreta 30x0 0x 3.0x0 1 2x 30x 3.0x

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the pruning management of the BRS Tupy and Brazos blackberry cultivars, in order to extend their harvest seasonality and fruit yield. The experiment was performed in an altitude subtropical region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bushes were grown at 3.0x0.5 m spacing. The treatments consisted of the four following pruning seasons: one conventional pruning, with suppression of the produced stems in February and reduction of the stems in July; and three drastic pruning performed in the first two weeks of January, March, and May, with the application of 10% urea and 3% hydrogenated cyanamide five months later. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, with two cultivars and four pruning managements, with four blocks. Fruit phenology, yield, and physicochemical quality were evaluated in two production cycles. It is possible to extend the harvest season of blackberry up to five months, in an altitude subtropical region in Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with drastic pruning in January and no irrigation. Drastic pruning in January or March increases the yield of the BRS Tupy and Brazos blackberry cultivars. The extended harvest season does not affect the quality of blackberries and does not create challenges for harvesting operations. Gerais Brazil 30x05 x 3 0x0 5 3.0x0. spacing seasons July May 10 later blocks 2x arrangement managements phenology cycles Lavras irrigation operations 30x0 0x 3.0x0 1 30x 3.0x

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a diversidade genética, o rendimento e a qualidade de frutos de genótipos de caquizeiros cultivados nos trópicos, para selecionar materiais genéticos promissores. A extração de DNA foi realizada em folhas jovens de 19 genótipos de caqui. Para a caracterização pomológica, foram selecionados 15 genótipos. Para cada genótipo, 50 frutos foram colhidos pela manhã, no estágio de maturidade fisiológica, para determinar os seguintes parâmetros: características físico-químicas; e as variáveis produtivas número de frutos por planta, massa de matéria fresca média dos frutos, produtividade média e produtividade média estimada, em duas safras. Vinte marcadores SSR foram testados, dos quais 12 foram selecionados para avaliar a similaridade genética, o que permitiu a identificação de grupos distintos. O valor médio de diversidade genética encontrado foi 0,41, o que é indicativo de baixa diversidade entre os genótipos de caqui analisados. Os genótipos 'Guiombo', 'Iapar 125', 'Kakimel', 'Mikado RJ', 'Rama Forte Tardio' e 'Taubaté' apresentam alta produtividade. Os genótipos classificados como sendo de polinização constante adstringente ('Pomelo', 'Regina', 'Rubi' e 'Taubaté') e os classificados como sendo de polinização variante adstringente ('Rama Forte', 'Guiombo' e 'Cereja') são materiais com potencial para uso em programas de seleção e melhoramento genético, devido às suas excelentes características físico-químicas de fruta. A investigação por meio de marcadores moleculares é uma abordagem eficiente para estudar a diversidade genética de genótipos de caquizeiro cultivados nos trópicos. trópicos promissores 1 pomológica genótipo 5 manhã fisiológica parâmetros físicoquímicas físico químicas planta estimada safras testados distintos 041 0 41 0,41 analisados Guiombo, Guiombo , Iapar 125, 125 125' Kakimel, Kakimel 'Kakimel' Mikado RJ, RJ RJ' Rama Tardio Taubaté 'Taubaté Pomelo, Pomelo ('Pomelo' Regina, Regina 'Regina' Rubi 'Rubi Forte, Forte' 'Guiombo Cereja 'Cereja' genético fruta 04 4 0,4 'Kakimel ('Pomelo 'Regina 'Cereja 0,

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the genetic diversity, yield, and fruit quality of persimmon genotypes grown in the tropics, in order to select promising genetic materials. DNA extraction was performed on young leaves of 19 persimmon genotypes. For pomological characterization, 15 genotypes were selected. From each genotype, 50 fruit at the physiological maturity stage were harvested in the morning, in order to determine the following parameters: physicochemical characteristics; and the productive variables number of fruit per plant, average fruit fresh mass, average yield, and estimated average yield in two seasons. Twenty SSR markers were tested, out of which 12 were selected to evaluate genetic similarity, which allowed of the identification of distinct groups. The mean genetic diversity value found was 0.41, which is an indicative of low diversity among the analyzed persimmon genotypes. The 'Guiombo', 'Iapar 125', 'Kakimel', 'Mikado RJ', 'Rama Forte Tardio', and 'Taubaté' genotypes show a high yield. The genotypes classified as pollination-constant astringent ('Pomelo', 'Regina', 'Rubi', and 'Taubaté') and those classified as pollination-variant astringent ('Rama Forte', 'Guiombo', and 'Cereja') are potential materials for selection and genetic breeding programs due to their excellent fruit physicochemical characteristics. The investigation through molecular markers is an efficient approach to study the genetic diversity of persimmon genotypes grown in the tropics. tropics 1 characterization genotype 5 morning parameters characteristics plant mass seasons tested similarity groups 041 0 41 0.41 Guiombo, Guiombo , 'Guiombo' Iapar 125, 125 125' Kakimel, Kakimel 'Kakimel' Mikado RJ, RJ RJ' Rama Tardio, Tardio Tardio' Taubaté 'Taubaté pollinationconstant pollination constant Pomelo, Pomelo ('Pomelo' Regina, Regina 'Regina' Rubi, Rubi 'Rubi' pollinationvariant variant Forte, Forte' Cereja 'Cereja' 04 4 0.4 'Guiombo 'Kakimel ('Pomelo 'Regina 'Rubi 'Cereja 0.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da diminuição do espaçamento entre figueiras 'Roxo de Valinhos' (Ficus carica) com diferentes números de ramos produtivos na produção de figos verdes. As figueiras, com dois ou quatro ramos produtivos, foram distribuídas em quatro blocos, com espaçamento padrão de 2,5 m entre linhas, espaçamentos entre plantas na linha de 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00 m, e densidades de 8.000, 5.333 e 4.000 plantas por hectare. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois ciclos (2020/2021 e 2021/2022). Os frutos verdes foram colhidos duas vezes por semana, tendo-se quantificado o número total de frutos por colheita e o peso total de colheita por planta. A produção média por planta e a produtividade estimada foram calculadas para cada ciclo de avaliação. A diminuição do espaçamento entre as figueiras aumenta a sua produtividade. O espaçamento de 0,50 m diminui a produção por planta, mas aumenta a produtividade em 73%. Não há diferença na produção de figos verdes entre as figueiras com dois ou quatro ramos produtivos. Roxo Valinhos Ficus carica blocos 25 2 5 2, linhas 050 0 50 075 75 0,7 100 1 00 1,0 8000 8 000 8.000 5333 333 5.33 4000 4 4.00 hectare 2020/2021 20202021 2020 2021 (2020/202 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2022 2021/2022) semana tendose tendo se avaliação 0,5 73 73% 05 07 7 0, 10 1, 800 8.00 533 33 5.3 400 4.0 2020/202 2020202 202 (2020/20 2021202 2021/202 80 8.0 53 3 5. 40 4. 2020/20 202020 20 (2020/2 202120 2021/20 8. 2020/2 20202 (2020/ 20212 2021/2 2020/ (2020 2021/ (202 (20 (2 (

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of decreased spacing between 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig (Ficus carica) trees with different numbers of fruiting branches on green fig production. Fig trees, with two or four fruiting branches, were distributed in four blocks, at a standard spacing of 2.5 m between rows, three spacing between plants in a row (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m), and densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 plants per hectare. The experiment was conducted during two cycles (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). Green fruits were harvested twice a week, and the total number of fruits per harvest and the total harvest weight per plant were quantified. The average production per plant and the estimated yield were calculated for each evaluation cycle. Decreasing the spacing between fig trees increases their yield. The spacing of 0.50 m decreases production per plant, but increases yield in 73%. There is no difference in the production of green figs between trees with two or four fruiting branches. Roxo Valinhos Ficus carica blocks 25 2 5 2. rows 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 075 75 0.75 100 1 00 1.0 m, , m) 8000 8 000 8,000 5333 333 5,333 4000 4 4,00 hectare 2020/2021 20202021 2020 2021 (2020/202 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2022 2021/2022) week quantified cycle 0.5 73 73% 05 (0.5 07 7 0.7 10 1. 800 8,00 533 33 5,33 400 4,0 2020/202 2020202 202 (2020/20 2021202 2021/202 0. (0. 80 8,0 53 3 5,3 40 4, 2020/20 202020 20 (2020/2 202120 2021/20 (0 8, 5, 2020/2 20202 (2020/ 20212 2021/2 ( 2020/ (2020 2021/ (202 (20 (2

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to select pear cultivars with production stability for the environmental conditions in the tropics. The design was in randomized blocks with 11 cultivars of pear, four replications and plots consisting of four plants. Between 2015 and 2019, the phenological were evaluated based on the beginning, full bloom, end and duration of flowering and harvest. The number and average fruit mass, yield per plant and estimated yield were also quantified. In the last year of evaluation, the quality of the fruits was quantified through the length and average diameter of the fruits, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content and total soluble solids / total titratable acidity ratio. The data were submitted to the Scott–Knott grouping test and to quantify the divergence between cultivars was used the genetic distance. After detecting significant interaction between genotypes × environments, phenotypic stability of pear cultivars were analyzed by GGE Biplot methods for the estimated yield variable. The ‘Tenra’, ‘Triunfo’ and ‘Seleta’ cultivars are the most suitable for cultivation in regions with subtropical altitude climate. They are genetically similar, more adapted and stable, and have full or partial synchronized flowering for satisfactory productivity. tropics 1 plants 201 2019 beginning bloom harvest mass evaluation ratio ScottKnott Scott Knott distance environments variable ‘Tenra, Tenra ‘Tenra , ‘Tenra’ ‘Triunfo Triunfo ‘Seleta Seleta climate similar stable productivity 20 2

ABSTRACT. Many important crops have cultivars with different ploidy and provide a diverse choice of materials for breeding programs. Therefore, it is essential to accurately assess the ploidy of all breeding materials. Increased DNA content is known to have various effects on external and internal morphology, an effect known as the “nucleotypic effect”. Thus, anatomical assessment can be used as a tool for determining ploidy in plants, making the chromosome counting technique or flow cytometry unnecessary. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf anatomical characteristics of banana cultivars and understand the relationship between these features and ploidy levels. Thirteen accessions were evaluated, including diploid, triploid, and tetraploid genotypes, and cultivars, resulting from in vitro propagation after 90 days of acclimatization. Five fully expanded young leaves were collected from each cultivar, fixed in FAA70 (formaldehyde-acetic acid-ethanol) and preserved in 70% alcohol. Transverse and paradermal sections of the abaxial and adaxial regions were taken, and variables such as size and stomatal density, leaf thickness in the midrib and fourth vascular bundle region, and thickness of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma were measured. Results for leaf thickness, stomatal size, and density proved to be appropriate parameters for characterizing banana ploidy levels.