Abstract Background Recently, a new heart failure (HF) classification was made considering the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) phenotype. Comprehensive assessments of the groups are required to guide patient management. Objective To determine the differences in sociodemographic, clinical, functional aerobic capacity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) variables in patients with HF classified with different LVEFs and to explore the correlations between the variables. Methods This work is a cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study. Three groups of patients with HF (LVEF≥50%, LVEF<40%, and LVEF40-49%) were compared. Sociodemographic, clinical variables and functional aerobic capacity with Sit to Stand (STS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire (MLFHQ), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were considered. The Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and Spearman's correlation were used for statistical analysis. The statistical significance level was set at 5%. Results A total of 209 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of HF, with a more significant number of men. Marital status was a predominantly stable union in the HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) groups. A sedentary lifestyle was lower in the HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) group 59 (84.3%), p-value = 0.033, and the angina pectoris was higher in the HFpEF 30 (42.9%). Systolic blood pressure at the end of the 6MWT evidenced a higher score in HFpEF 132.0±17.25 concerning HFrEF 128.0±16.57, p-value=0.043. The fat percentage was higher in HFpEF 30.20±8.80 regarding the HFmrEF group 26.51±7.60, p-value = 0.028. Conclusion There were significant differences according to the LVEF classification in marital status, angina symptoms, fat percentage, and blood pressure at rest. Recently (HF (LVEF phenotype management sociodemographic healthrelated health related HRQOL (HRQOL crosssectional cross sectional study LVEF≥50%, LVEF50 50 (LVEF≥50% LVEF40 40 LVEF<40% LVEF4049% LVEF4049 49% 49 LVEF40-49% compared Sociodemographic STS, STS , (STS) 6minute minute 6 6MWT, MWT (6MWT) DASI, DASI (DASI) MLFHQ, MLFHQ (MLFHQ) PHQ9 PHQ (PHQ-9 considered Chisquare Chi square oneway one way ANOVA (ANOVA Spearmans Spearman s 5 5% 20 men (HFpEF midrange mid range (HFmrEF (HFrEF 84.3%, 843 84.3% 84 3 (84.3%) pvalue p value 0033 0 033 0.033 42.9%. 429 42.9% . 42 (42.9%) 13201725 132 17 25 132.0±17.2 12801657 128 16 57 128.0±16.57 pvalue=0.043. pvalue0043 value=0.043. 043 p-value=0.043 3020880 8 80 30.20±8.8 2651760 26 51 7 60 26.51±7.60 0028 028 0.028 symptoms rest LVEF≥50% LVEF5 (LVEF≥50 LVEF4 4 LVEF<40 LVEF404 LVEF40-49 (STS (6MWT (DASI (MLFHQ (PHQ- 2 84.3 (84.3% 003 03 0.03 42.9 (42.9% 1320172 13 1 132.0±17. 1280165 12 128.0±16.5 pvalue=0.043 pvalue004 value0043 value=0.043 04 p-value=0.04 302088 30.20±8. 265176 26.51±7.6 002 02 0.02 LVEF≥50 (LVEF≥5 LVEF<4 LVEF40-4 (PHQ 84. (84.3 00 0.0 42. (42.9 132017 132.0±17 128016 128.0±16. pvalue=0.04 pvalue00 value004 value=0.04 p-value=0.0 30208 30.20±8 26517 26.51±7. LVEF≥5 (LVEF≥ LVEF< LVEF40- (84. 0. (42. 13201 132.0±1 12801 128.0±16 pvalue=0.0 pvalue0 value00 value=0.0 p-value=0. 3020 30.20± 2651 26.51±7 LVEF≥ (84 (42 1320 132.0± 1280 128.0±1 pvalue=0. value0 value=0. p-value=0 302 30.20 265 26.51± (8 (4 132.0 128.0± pvalue=0 value=0 p-value= 30.2 26.51 ( 132. 128.0 pvalue= value= 30. 26.5 128. 26.

Abstract Introduction: obesity causes millions of deaths each year. Its high prevalence in children and adolescents from southern European countries, including Spain, is associated with the new food preferences and decreased physical activity. Objectives: to evaluate diet quality and physical activity in Galician schoolchildren in order to assess if modifying the current intervention strategies in lifestyles is required. Methods: in the present study, 662 students from the south of Galicia were studied (9-17 years). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as adiposity indicator. The dietary pattern was evaluated through the Kidmed test and physical activity with PAQ-C. The sample was stratified by BMI according to Cole international standards. Data were analysed with the SPPS software. Results: fifty-six per cent of children are at high risk of overnutrition or need to improve their nutrition. The average adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low (7.64 ± 2.28), worsening with age and adiposity significantly. The average level of physical activity was moderate (3.02 ± 0.74) and it was lower in girls and adolescents; 58 % showed a low-moderate level of physical activity. Quality diet was positively correlated with physical activity and negatively with BMI. Conclusions: Galician students showed a diet and physical activity risky pattern according to international/national recommendations. After several years of awareness campaigns and lifestyle interventions, improving their diet and increasing physical activity is still necessary.

Resumen Introducción: la obesidad causa millones de muertes anuales. Su elevada prevalencia en niños y adolescentes de países del sur de Europa, entre ellos España, se asocia con las nuevas preferencias alimentarias y la disminución de actividad física. Objetivos: evaluar la calidad de la dieta y la práctica de actividad física en escolares gallegos para valorar la necesidad de modificar las estrategias actuales de intervención en estilos de vida. Métodos: se estudiaron 662 niños de Galicia (9-17 años). Se calculó su índice de masa corporal (IMC) como indicador de adiposidad. El patrón alimentario se evaluó con el cuestionario Kidmed y la actividad física con el PAQ-C. Se estratificó la muestra en función del IMC de acuerdo con los estándares internacionales de Cole. Los datos se analizan con el paquete SPSS. Resultados: el 56 % de los escolares están en riesgo elevado de malnutrición por exceso o necesitan mejorar su alimentación. La adherencia media al patrón alimentario mediterráneo fue baja (7,64 ± 2,28), empeorando significativamente con la edad y la adiposidad. El nivel de actividad física medio fue moderado (3,02 ± 0,74), significativamente menor en niñas y adolescentes. El 58 % mostraron un nivel bajo-moderado de actividad física. La calidad de la dieta se correlacionó positivamente con la actividad física y negativamente con el IMC. Conclusiones: los escolares gallegos presentaron un patrón alimentario y de actividad física de riesgo en relación con las recomendaciones nacionales/internacionales. Tras varios años de campañas de concienciación e intervenciones sobre estilos de vida, continúa siendo necesario mejorar la dieta y aumentar la práctica física-deportiva.