ABSTRACT Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is a widespread tree in Brazil, and the oil industry has been increasing interest in this tree due to its high oil concentrations, rusticity, and adaptability to different environments. Currently, macaw palms are being domesticated and are in an early rational cultivation process. Foliar diagnosis can contribute to managing fertilization, but there is no protocol for leaf sampling. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal variation of leaf nutrient contents and indicate an adequate period for leaf sampling. Leaf contents of macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn) from composed samples of leaflets collected from the middle part of the tenth leaf were evaluated in 12 uninterrupted sampling times (January to December 2016). The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The distance from Mahalanobis and Tocher optimization methods was used to group sampling times of similar seasonal variations. Contents of N, P, K, Ca, S, Mn and Fe varied throughout the months. May and June are adequate to sample diagnostic leaves of macaw palm to analyze the nutritional status. Seasonal variation of N, S and Ca mostly contributed to the indication of leaf sampling time of macaw palm. Acrocomia aculeata Brazil concentrations rusticity environments Currently process fertilization N (N P K Cu, Cu (Cu Zn 1 January 2016. 2016 . 2016) variance variations months status 201 20 2

ABSTRACT: Sorghum breeding programs are based predominantly on developing homozygous lines to produce single cross hybrids, frequently with relatively narrow genetic bases. The adoption of complementary strategies, such as genetic diversity study, enables a broader vision of the genetic structure of the breeding germplasm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of sorghum breeding lines using structure analysis, principal components (PC) and clustering analyses. A total of 160 sorghum lines were genotyped with 29,649 SNP markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The PC and clustering analyses consistently divided the R (restorer) and B (maintainer) lines based on their pedigree, generating four groups. Thirty-two B and 21 R lines were used to generate 121 single-cross hybrids, whose performances were compared based on the diversity clustering of each parental line. The genetic divergence of B and R lines indicated a potential for increasing heterotic response in the development of hybrids. The genetic distance was correlated to heterosis, allowing for the use of markers to create heterotic groups in sorghum.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different herbicide treatments on moisture removal and calorific power of biomass sorghum for co-generation of electric energy through burning. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replicates per treatment and a 6x4 factorial scheme (six herbicide treatments x four intervals between spraying and harvesting). The herbicide treatments were: two different doses of glyphosate (1.92 kg a.i. ha-1 and 3.84 Kg a.i. ha-1), paraquat (0.4 Kg a.i. ha-1), a commercial mixture of paraquat + diuron (0.6 + 0.3 Kg a.i. ha-1), glufosinate-ammonium (0.8 Kg a.i. ha-1) and control (unsprayed). The intervals between spraying and harvesting assessed were 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after desiccation (DAD). It was assessed: the number of leaves per plant, moisture content of leaves, panicles, culm and whole ground plants and Superior Calorific Power (SCP). The herbicides paraquat and paraquat + diuron promotes defoliation, after 14 DAD. Glyphosate, paraquat, paraquat + diuron and glufosinate-ammonium reduce leaf and panicle moisture, despite only glyphosate reduces moisture in the culm. The herbicides do not affect the SCP of biomass sorghum. Therefore, the herbicides, especially glyphosate, have high potential for pre-harvest desiccation in biomass sorghum.

ABSTRACT. Macauba fruits are oil-rich drupes with high moisture content at harvest. This feature can affect the chemical properties of the oil and increase the costs of biodiesel production. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt postharvest strategies to ensure oil quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of drying macauba fruit on the quality of the pulp oil. Husked and dehusked fruits were dried at 60°C and then stored. At 0, 15, 45, 100, and 180 days after storage, fruit samples were retrieved, and the oil from the pulp was evaluated for physicochemical parameters. The removal of the husk from the fruits considerably reduced the drying time compared to that of the husked fruits. Drying prevented deterioration of the fruit even after 180 days of storage, regardless of the presence of the husk. The drying process allowed for efficient storage of the macauba fruit while maintaining low levels of oil acidity. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of the pulp oil from the dehusked dried fruits lasted longer than that from the husked dried fruits. Therefore, drying is a viable alternative for the postharvest of macauba fruits to maintain the quality of the oil for biodiesel production.

RESUMO A demanda e produção mundial de energia primária deverá crescer à taxa de 1,4 % ao ano, até 2035. No mesmo período, a produção de energias renováveis deverá crescer à taxa de 6,6 % ao ano, passando de 3 % para 9 % de energia primária mundial. Logo, a oferta de biocombustíveis assume papel estratégico para a segurança energética mundial. Neste contexto, o sorgo é uma alternativa promissora no setor bioenergético, devido às suas características agronômicas e adaptabilidade às condições edafoclimáticas limitantes. Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial produtivo de três grupos agronômicos de sorgo (biomassa, sacarino e forrageiro), bem como caracterizar quimicamente a biomassa desses materiais. Para isso, conduziu-se um experimento utilizando-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, no qual foram realizadas avaliações agronômicas, químicas (celulose, hemicelulose, lignina e cinzas) e teores de umidade. As cultivares de sorgo biomassa apresentaram alta produtividade (cerca de 30 t ha-1 de colmo seco), sendo, por isso, mais indicadas para a geração de biocombustíveis sólidos, isto é, queima direta. Já as cultivares de sorgo forrageiro apresentaram menor teor de lignina nos colmos, em relação às demais cultivares, sendo indicadas para a geração de biocombustíveis líquidos. Destaca-se, ainda, a possibilidade de produção de bioetanol de segunda geração a partir do bagaço de sorgo sacarino. Logo, o sorgo apresenta diferentes potenciais de uso que podem ser explorados pelo setor de bioenergia de acordo com o grupo agronômico e a parte física da planta.

ABSTRACT The global demand and production of primary energy is expected to grow at a rate of 1.4 % per year by 2035. In the same period, the production of renewable energy is expected to grow at a rate of 6.6 % per year, rising from 3 % to 9 % of world primary energy. Therefore, the biofuels supply assumes a strategic role for world energy security. In this context, sorghum is a promising alternative in the bioenergetic sector, due to its agronomic characteristics and adaptability to limiting edaphoclimatic conditions. This study aimed at evaluating the productive potential of three sorghum agronomic groups (biomass, saccharin and forage), as well as chemically characterizing the biomass of these materials. For that, a field experiment was carried out using a randomized block design, where agronomic and chemical characteristics (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash), as well as moisture contents, were evaluated. The biomass sorghum cultivars presented a high yield (about 30 t ha-1 of dry stalk), being, for this reason, more suitable for the generation of solid biofuels, i.e., direct burning. On the other hand, the forage sorghum cultivars presented a lower lignin content in the stalks, in relation to the other cultivars, being indicated for the generation of liquid biofuels. It is also worth mentioning the possibility of producing second-generation bioethanol from saccharin sorghum bagasse. Therefore, sorghum presents different use potentials that may be exploited by the bioenergy sector according to the agronomic group and plant physical part.

Abstract In addition to dietary factors and sedentary habits, there is a relationship between obesity and psychological variables, even without a clear distinction between cause, effect, and correlation. Despite this relationship, weight-loss programs are limited to a combination of nutrition and physical education, leaving psychological intervention out of the treatment plan. Self-esteem issues, depression, and anxiety are just some of the emotional conditions related to obesity. However, there is no information in the literature about the importance of psychological counseling in a multidisciplinary program for weight-loss in adults. In this context, the main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy in groups (CBTG) combined with nutrition and physical education within a multidisciplinary approach to treat obesity. 46 individuals (7 men and 39 women) were divided into two groups: control (GC) and psychology (GP). Baseline and intervention measures were obtained prior to intervention and before the final meeting, including physical capacity tests and the administering the International Physical Activities Questionnaire (IPAQ). Both groups attended weekly lectures given by a nutritionist and two physical education professionals for 12 weeks. In addition, the GP participated in weekly sessions of CBTG for the same period. After the program, there were significant changes in body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and strength of the lower limbs in both groups. In addition to these changes, the GP also showed improvements in diastolic blood pressure and IPAQ scores, being the only one that increased its time of weekly physical activity. Thus, it was concluded that the psychological treatment might play an important role in a multidisciplinary weight-loss program.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fruit traits and their direct and indirect effects on the content of ascorbic acid and carotenoids in peaches and nectarines. The traits fruit mass (FM); equatorial diameter (ED); suture diameter (SD); polar diameter (PD); pulp firmness (FIR); soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); SS/TA ratio; contents of ascorbic acid (AA) and carotenoids (CT); and skin and pulp color were evaluated in 28 peach cultivars, and two nectarine cultivars. The phenotypic correlation coefficients were estimated (rf), and after multicollinearity diagnosis, unfolding was carried out in direct and indirect effects of the explanatory variables in the response variable by using path analysis. The strongest correlations were found between FM, SD, ED, and PD, and between carotenoid content and °h pulp. The traits considered in the path diagrams are not the main determinants of the ascorbic acid content. The yellow color of the pulp has the potential for indirect selection for carotenoid content.

RESUMO A macaúba [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood. ex Mart] vem sendo domesticada para subsidiar programas de produção de biodiesel no Brasil. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre a produção de mudas desta espécie. Objetivou-se avaliar misturas de substratos, doses de calcário e de fósforo na correção do substrato e a frequência de adubação de cobertura em mudas de macaúba. Foram instalados três ensaios conduzidos em casa de vegetação, até o sexto mês de cultivo na fase de viveiro. Ensaio 1: avaliação de percentuais das frações orgânica e mineral totalizando sete misturas de substratos. Ensaio 2: avaliação de quatro doses de correção do solo com calcário versus quatro doses de fosfatagem. Ensaio 3: avaliação da frequência de fertilização com N, K e Mg em cobertura. Nos três ensaios foram observadas diferenças significativas para maioria das variáveis analisadas (altura de plantas, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, vigor e diâmetro do bulbo). Como resultados principais têm-se: Ensaio 1 - o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas é observado em substratos com pelo menos 25% de material orgânico. Ensaio 2 - doses variando de 0,50 a 1,25 kg de calcário associada à fosfatagem com 3,00 a 4,00 kg de superfosfato simples por m3 de substrato proporciona melhor desenvolvimento das mudas. Ensaio 3 - a adubação de cobertura proporciona melhor desenvolvimento das mudas independentemente da frequência.

ABSTRACT The macaw palm [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood. ex Mart] has been domesticated to subsidize biodiesel production programs in Brazil. However, little is known about the seedling production of this species. This study aimed to evaluate substrate mixtures, limestone and phosphorus rates for substrate amendment and topdressing frequency in macaw palm seedlings. Three trials were conducted in a greenhouse up to six months of nursery cultivation. Trial 1: determination of percent mineral and organic fractions of seven substrate mixtures. Trial 2: evaluation of four limerates for soil amendment versus four phosphorus rates. Trial 3: evaluation of N, K and Mg topdressing frequency. Significant differences were found in the three trials for most of the variables (plant height, leaf number, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, vigor and bulb diameter). The main results obtained were as follow: Trial1 - the best seedling growth was observed in substrates with at least 25% organic matter. Trial2 -lime rates ranging from 0.50 to 1.25 kg associated with 3 to 4 kg of single superphosphate per m3 of substrate provided the best seedling growth. Trial 3 - topdressing fertilization provided better development of seedlings regardless of frequency.

RESUMO A exploração econômica da macaúba [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.] está passando por processo de transição do extrativismo para cultivos agronômicos, o que requer estudos com adubação para a cultura. Objetivaram-se avaliar a resposta de três acessos de macaúba a doses crescentes de nitrogênio e potássio, cultivados até o segundo ano no campo; e obter um referencial para os teores de nutrientes minerais na folha. O experimento foi montado em parcelas subdivididas, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos principais nas parcelas (doses de N e K) e três tratamentos secundários nas subparcelas (acessos), com três repetições, cada parcela contendo três plantas. Ao final do segundo ano de cultivo, foram avaliados: altura de plantas, número de folhas, vigor e teores de nutrientes minerais nos tecidos foliares. Observou-se resposta diferenciada entre os acessos avaliados, indicando que existem genótipos mais eficientes no uso dos insumos minerais. Houve resposta diferenciada e positiva a doses crescentes de adubação com N e K em cobertura no desenvolvimento vegetativo de acessos de macaúba até o segundo ano de cultivo no campo, indicando que há variabilidade na espécie quanto à eficiência nutricional. A dose de fertilização com N e K correspondente a 360 g de N + 480 g de K2O por planta, aplicada em quatro parcelamentos durante os dois anos iniciais do cultivo, foi insuficiente para alcançar o desenvolvimento vegetativo máximo dos três acessos de macaúba avaliados. Não houve variação nos teores de macro e micronutrientes na matéria seca das folhas de macaúba dos três acessos avaliados.

ABSTRACT The economic exploitation of macaw palm [Acrocomia aculeate(Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.] is currently in transition, from extractivism to agricultural cultivation, thus requiring studies on the fertilization of the crop. This study evaluated the response of three genotypes of macaw palm to increasing rates of nitrogen and potassium, grown in the field until the 2nd year and to establish reference contents of mineral nutrients in the leaf. The experiment was a split-plot randomized block design with five main treatments (N and K rates) and three secondary treatments (genotypes), with three replications, each plot containing three plants. Plant height, leaf number, vigor, and nutrient contents in leaf tissues were evaluated at the end of 2nd year of cultivation. Differential responses were observed among genotypes, indicating that some genotypes are more efficient in the use of mineral inputs. There was a differentiated and positive response to increasing side-dressed N and K rates in the vegetative development of macaw genotypes until the 2nd year of field cultivation, indicating variability in the species in terms of nutrient use efficiency. The N and K fertilization rate corresponding to 360 g N + 480 g K2O per plant, in four split applications over the two years of cultivation, was insufficient to induce maximum vegetative development in the three macaw genotypes. There was no variation in macro- and micronutrient contents in leaf dry matter of the three macaw genotypes.

Em regiões de clima subtropical, os modelos e métodos propostos para avaliação da necessidade de frio das fruteiras de clima temperado não apresentam, muitas vezes, resultados satisfatórios. Isto demonstra a necessidade do desenvolvimento de alternativas para se estimar a necessidade de frio dessas plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as correlações entre os dados fenólogicos e a necessidade de frio das sementes de 18 cultivares de pessegueiro e um cultivar de nectarineira. Para realização dos estudos de correlação, foram realizados dois experimentos, separadamente, sendo o primeiro por acompanhamento das características fenológicas em campo e, o segundo, com o estudo da necessidade de frio acumulado, para germinação de 50 e de 100% das sementes, de cada cultivar. Houve correlação significativa entre o número de dias necessários para o início do florescimento (r = 0,70**, 0,55*) e plena floração (r = 0,72**, 0,73**) e o número de unidades de frio acumulado, para germinação de 50 e de 100% das sementes estratificadas. O número de dias para o início da brotação e fim da dormência apresentou correlação significativa com o número de unidades de frio acumulado, para 50 e 100% de germinação (r = 0,48*, 0,50*, respectivamente). Entretanto, o mesmo efeito significativo nestes dados fenológicos não foi observado para o número de unidades de frio acumulado, para 50% de germinação, como, também, entre o número de unidades de frio acumulado para estratificação das sementes e a época de colheita dos frutos.

In subtropical climate areas, the models and methods proposed to evaluate the chilling requirement of temperate fruit crops often do not provide satisfactory results, thus calling for the development of alternative techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between some phonological traits and chilling requirement for seed germination of 18 peach cultivars and one nectarine cultivar. Two experiments were installed separately for the correlation studies. In experiment 1, the phenological traits were observed in the field, while in experiment 2, the chilling requirement for 50 and 100% seed germination of each cultivar was assessed. The number of days for beginning of bloom (r = 0.70**, 0.61**) and full bloom (r = 0.72**, 0.76**) were both significantly correlated with the number of chilling units for 50% and 100% germination of seeds. The number of days for beginning of budding and dormancy break were both significantly correlated with the number of chilling units for 50% and 100% germination (r = 0.48*, 0.50*, respectively). However, the same significant effect for these phenological traits was not found between chilling units and 50% germination of seeds, as well as between chilling units and harvest dates.

Com o objetivo de se avaliar a influência do tamanho da semente na germinação e desenvolvimento inicial da 'Jabuticaba Sabará' (P. jabuticaba (Vell.) Berg), e 'Jabuticaba de Cabinho' (P. peruviana var. Trunciflora), um experimento foi conduzido em casa-de- vegetação coberta com filme plástico e revestida pelas laterais com tela antiafídeo. As sementes utilizadas foram extraídas e classificadas de acordo com seu tamanho em três classes: > 8 mm, 6 a 8 mm e < 6 mm. As sementes, já classificadas, foram semeadas em caixas plásticas contendo, em seu interior, substrato Plantmax®. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (espécie x tamanho da semente), com quatro repetições, considerando-se como unidade experimental cada 50 sementes. Aos 46 dias da semeadura, avaliou-se: porcentagem de germinação; número de plântulas por semente; número de folhas por plântula, comprimento de raiz e total das plântulas, altura da parte aérea das plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. A germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial da 'Jabuticaba Sabará' e da 'Jabuticaba de Cabinho' foram influenciados pelo tamanho das sementes, e as maiores (> 8 mm e 6 a 8 mm) são de melhor qualidade do que as menores (< 6 mm).

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of seed size in the germination and the initial growth of 'Jabuticaba Sabará' (P. jabuticaba (Vell.) Berg), and 'Jabuticaba de Cabinho' (P. peruviana var. Trunciflora). The work was carried out in a green house at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The seeds used were extracted and later classified in three classes according to size: > 8mm, 6 - 8 mm and < 6mm. The seeds already classified were sown in plastic boxes, containing Plantmax® as substrate. The experiment was set in an entirely randomized experimental design, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (specie x seed size), with four replications, where each plot consisted of 50 seeds. After 46 days, the following were evaluated: germination percentage, number of plantlets/seed, number of leaves per plantlet, total plantlet length; plantlet height; root length; and speed emergence index. The germination and initial growth of 'Jabuticaba Sabará' and 'Jabuticaba de Cabinho' were influenced by seed size, with the best quality obtained with the larger seeds (> 8 mm and 6 - 8 mm).

Estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade têm sido utilizadas no estudo de caracteres de várias espécies de palmeiras, auxiliando na definição do número e período adequado de avaliações dos genótipos para maior eficiência dos programas de melhoramento. Para macaúba, não há relatos de estudos dessa natureza. Nesse contexto, faz-se importante a determinação do coeficiente de repetibilidade das seguintes características biométricas dos frutos: peso do fruto, volume do fruto, diâmetro equatorial do fruto, peso da amêndoa, volume da amêndoa, diâmetro da amêndoa e espessura do endocarpo; e a determinação do número mínimo de avaliações para um eficiente processo de seleção e avaliação de subamostras de macaúba. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, analisando-se 145 subamostras de macaúba, provenientes de coletas realizadas nos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Maranhão e Pernambuco. Houve diferença significativa para todas as características analisadas e observou-se concordância nas magnitudes dos coeficientes de repetibilidade de cada característica, obtidos pelos diferentes métodos. No entanto, os coeficientes de repetibilidade variam entre as oito características, de 0,68 a 0,99, observados para a característica espessura do endocarpo e volume da amêndoa, respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de determinação obtidas a partir das 10 repetições para as oito características e pelos quatro métodos foram superiores a 95%. A avaliação de quatro frutos é suficiente para compreensão das características estudadas das subamostras de macaúba com 90% de acurácia.

Estimates of repeatability coefficient have been used in character study of several species of palms, helping to define the number and appropriate period of assessment of genotypes to increase the efficiency of breeding programs. For macaw palm there are no reports of such studies. In this context it is important to determine the repeatability coefficient of the following biometric characteristics of fruits: fruit weight, fruit volume, equatorial diameter of the fruit, kernel weight, kernel volume, equatorial diameter of de kernel, and thickness of the endocarp, and the determination of the minimum number of ratings for an efficient selection process and evaluation of macaw palm subsamples. The study was conducted at the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Viçosa, and 145 macaw palm subsamples were analyzed, from collections made in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Maranhão and Pernambuco. There were significant differences for all traits analyzed, and there was agreement on the magnitude of repeatability coefficients of each feature obtained by different methods. However, the repeatability coefficients ranging between eight characteristics, from 0.68 to 0.99, and were observed for feature endocarp thickness and volume of kernel, respectively. The coefficient of determination obtained from 10 repetitions for the eight features and the four methods were superior to 95%. The evaluation of four fruits is sufficient to assess the traits of macaw palm subsamples with 90% accuracy.

O pessegueiro é uma das plantas frutíferas de maior interesse econômico no mundo, uma vez que possui grande adaptabilidade às diferentes condições climáticas. Para conhecer se determinado cultivar é adaptado às condições de determinado local torna-se necessário saber qual sua exigência em frio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de pessegueiro F2 adaptados às condições de baixa necessidade de frio hibernal. Os trabalhos foram desenvolvidos durante o período de maio de 2007 a janeiro de 2008. Foram avaliados 2055 genótipos pertencentes a 64 populações de pessegueiro, e o número de indivíduos em cada população variou de cinco a duzentos e três. Foram planejados dois experimentos, ou seja: no primeiro, a adaptação das plantas foi avaliada por meio de seu vigor inicial, servindo como método de pré-seleção para realização do segundo experimento. No segundo, a necessidade de frio das progênies foi estudada por meio da metodologia de ramos destacados. Com base nos resultados foram selecionados 42 genótipos F2 adaptados às condições climáticas de baixo acúmulo de frio hibernal.

The peach is one of the most economically important fruits species, due to its broad adaptability under different climatic conditions. However, it is necessary to know the chilling requirement of a cultivar in order to predict if it can be adapted to a certain place. The aim of this work was to select F2 peach genotypes of low chilling requirement. The work was carried out from May 2007 to January 2008. A total of 2055 genotypes, from 64 peach populations were observed. The genotypes number of each population varied from five to two hundred three. Two experiments were carried out: in the first one, peach adaptation was estimated through initial tree vigor, for screening, individuals which would be part of the second experiment; in this second one the chilling requirement of the progenies was studied through the detached twig methodology. The results obtained allowed to select fourty two low chill adapted F2 peach genotypes.

A análise de sucessivas medições de uma característica em um grupo de indivíduos é um procedimento desejável no melhoramento genético de culturas, pois espera-se que a superioridade ou inferioridade inicial de um indivíduo em relação aos demais mantenha-se ao longo das medições. A veracidade dessa expectativa pode ser aferida pelo coeficiente de repetibilidade das características avaliadas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram (1) determinar o coeficiente de repetibilidade pelos métodos da Análise de Variância, Componentes Principais (matriz de correlação e covariância) e Análise Estrutural das seguintes características: massa média, comprimento longitudinal, diâmetro equatorial, massa média da polpa e da casca e espessura da casca do fruto; e (2) determinar o número mínimo de avaliações para um eficiente processo de seleção de genótipos de maracujazeiro-azedo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, analisando-se 20 progênies de meios-irmãos segregantes de maracujazeiro-azedo. Observaram-se diferenças entre as estimativas dos coeficientes de repetibilidade obtidos pelo método da análise da variância e pelos métodos multivariados, havendo superioridade nas estimativas com o emprego dos últimos métodos nos programas de melhoramento do maracujazeiro-azedo. O método dos componentes principais, com base na matriz de covariância, sempre apresentou estimativas maiores, principalmente para espessura da casca e comprimento longitudinal do fruto, sendo esse método mais eficiente para a estimação do coeficiente de repetibilidade das características avaliadas. A realização de 18 medições nos frutos de maracujazeiro-azedo será suficiente para predizer o valor real dos indivíduos com 90% de acurácia no primeiro ano de produção, com relação à massa fresca do fruto, massa de polpa e casca, comprimento longitudinal e diâmetro equatorial.

The analysis of successive measurements of a trait, in a group of individuals, is a recommended procedure in the genetic improvement of crops, because it is expected that the superiority or inferiority of an individual in relation to the others remains over the measurements. The veracity of this expectation can be evaluated by the coefficient of repeatability of the traits. The objectives of this work were (1) to determine the coefficient of repeatability of the following traits: mean mass, longitudinal length, equatorial diameter, mean mass of pulp and skin, and skin thickness; and (2) to determine the minimum number of evaluations for an efficient process of genotype selection of passion fruit. Data on twenty half-sib progenies from the passion fruit improvement program were used in the study. Differences were observed among estimates of repeatability coefficients obtained by variance analysis and multivariate methods. Principal components analysis based on the covariance matrix always presented higher estimates, mainly for skin thickness and longitudinal length of fruits. Eighteen measurements were enough to predict the real value of individuals with 90% accuracy in the first year of production, for fruit fresh mass, pulp and peel mass, longitudinal length and equatorial diameter.

Foram estudas as características físicas dos frutos de progênies de maracujazeiro-azedo e as correlações entre estas características. De uma planta de cada progênie, foram colhidos vários frutos resultantes de polinização natural, pesados e divididos em duas classes de massa do fruto (1:180 a 230g e 2:80 a 130 g). Posteriormente, de cada classe de massa, foram retirados 2 frutos, aleatoriamente, para serem mensuradas as características físicas: massa (g), massa da casca (g), massa de sementes (g), massa de suco (g), comprimento longitudinal (mm), diâmetro equatorial (mm), espessura da casca (mm), número de sementes, quantidade de suco por semente (g), relação entre a espessura da casca e o raio, relação entre o comprimento longitudinal e o diâmetro equatorial, rendimento de suco (%), percentagem de casca (%), percentagem de semente (%) e a percentagem de resíduo (%). A espessura da casca varia com a massa do fruto, de modo que a avaliação da espessura da casca em frutos de diferentes massas pode provocar equívocos na avaliação de progênies.

Physical traits of the fruits of several progenies were evaluated and the correlations among them were studied. The fruits, originated of natural pollination, were picked up at the harvest stage and classified in two weight classes: 1 -180 to 230 g and 2 -80 to 130 g. of each class were sampled two fruits to evaluate the mass of the fruit (g), mass of the skin (g), mass of the seeds (g), mass of the juice (g), longitudinal length and equatorial diameter of the fruit (mm), thickness of the skin (mm), number of seeds, juice weight per seed (g), ratio skin thickness/ fruit ray, ratio longitudinal length/equatorial diameter, juice content (%), skin ratio (%), seed ratio (%) and residues (%). The thickness of the skin varied among the mass classes, indicating that skin evaluation of different fruit sizes can lead to misunderstandings and the evaluation of the progenies.