Abstract Analytical and computational calibrations and subsequent parametric analyses were performed on the four UHPFRC beams under flexure to estimate their actual shear strength. The computational models were calibrated using different values for the CDP parameters, and a finite element mesh sensitivity study was conducted. These models predicted the experimental behavior satisfactorily, and the analytical model was also able to find the beams’ failure loads and proved to be a simple tool to estimate their behavior. The parametric analysis showed that the current beams did not require stirrups once the UHPFRC had high shear strength, and the maximum shear capacity was accurately determined.

Abstract Cannabis sativa L. is one of the most consumed drugs in the world and recent studies have associated its use with an increase in the number of traffic accidents in different countries. In many countries, like Brazil, simple and reliable methodologies are still needed for the detection of drugs on site, mainly cannabinoids, considering its prevalence of use and oral fluid (OF) has been proved as an appropriate biological matrix for this purpose. Considering that, this work aims to review previous studies on immunochromatographic devices for on-site detection of cannabinoids in OF, discussing their sensitivity, specificity, cut-offs values and confirmatory methods. This data shows the importance of choosing a screening device and it reinforces the need for its implementation in Brazil. The research was conducted on 5 databases and all original articles, published in the last 10 years, were selected. A total of 32 articles were found, providing data for 17 screening devices of distinct brands. Only 2 screening devices showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in the evaluated studies (≥80% and ≥90% respectively). However, it should be considered that the screening devices still have some limitations, such as a higher cut-off than those recommended by international guidelines (cut-off > 2 ng/mL), therefore demonstrating the need for more studies in the area and the importance of confirmatory analysis usually fulfilled by LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS or GC-MS. Thus, the screening analyzes should not be evaluated by itself, but in association with confirmatory results and observational traits (behavioral changes), for a better understanding of the traffic scenario.

ABSTRACT Partial replacement of Portland cement by industrial waste or materials of natural origin can improve the mechanical strength of concrete and mortar and reduce production cost. In this context, ash from burning bamboo appears as a potential material for use, as it is natural with a renewable source and fast growth, which presents a higher concentration of silica in the outer walls of the stalks. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the use of bamboo stalk ash (Bambusa Vulgaris) as a partial replacement for Portland cement. For this purpose, bamboo ash was produced at three calcination temperatures (500ºC, 600ºC and 700ºC). The ashes were not characterized as pozzolans based on their chemical composition, however the ash produced at 600ºC obtained a performance index higher than that established by the Standard. The hydration of cement partially replaced by this ash was evaluated, in proportions of 0%, 6%, 10% and 14%, in relation to its mass. Mortars with the same replacement proportions were evaluated in the fresh state and hardened. The consistency in the fresh state remained constant at 227 mm, while the compressive strength, in the hardened state, increased by 15% with the addition of bamboo stem ash.

ABSTRACT The civil construction industry is responsible for the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), for each ton of cement produced, approximately one ton of carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere. Therefore, the present work has as general objective to study the technical feasibility of using the Blast Furnace Slag (EAF), cooled instantly as a substitute for Portland cement. For this work, clinker, standardized sand, plaster, drinking water and EAF were used as materials. As a methodology, the materials were milled to the desired granulometry, which passed through the 0.075mm sieve. After this process, the characterization of these materials started, followed by the replacement of clinker, in the contents of 5, 15, 30, 50 and 75% by EAF. The results of this substitution showed that the tailings were characterized as an excellent by-product in the manufacture of cement, presenting characteristics for large-scale use in search of reducing CO2 emissions.

RESUMO A indústria de construção civil é uma das responsáveis na emissão de gás carbônico (CO2), para cada tonelada de cimento produzido é emitido na atmosfera aproximadamente uma tonelada de gás carbônico. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral estudar a viabilidade técnica do uso do da Escória de Alto Forno (EAF), resfriada instantaneamente como substituição ao cimento Portland. Para este trabalho utilizou-se como materiais o clínquer, areia normatizada, gesso, água potável e EAF. Como metodologia dos ensaios foi realizado a moagem dos materiais, até a granulometria desejada, passante na peneira 0,075mm. Após esse processo iniciou-se caracterização desses materiais, sendo seguido, da substituição do clínquer, nos teores de 5, 15, 30, 50 e 75% pela EAF. Os resultados dessa substituição mostraram que o rejeito, caracterizou-se como um excelente subproduto na fabricação do cimento, apresentando características para o emprego em larga escala em busca da diminuição da emissão do CO2.

Resumo: A leishmaniose tegumentar americana é uma endemia que aumentou consideravelmente nas últimas décadas na região amazônica, os flebotomíneos são os vetores da transmissão do protozoário causador da leishmaniose, portanto o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento da diversidade de espécies e a presença de DNA de Leishmania em vetores que circulam em três municípios endêmicos de leishmaniose tegumentar na Amazônia oriental brasileira (Amapá, Brasil). Usando armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC, um total de 10.773 espécimes foram coletados entre fevereiro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, representando 64 espécies em 15 gêneros. As espécie vetoras - singular Nyssomyia umbratilis Ward e Frahia 1977 foram as espécies predominantes (13,20% do total), sendo coletadas nos três municípios, seguido por Trichopygomyia trichopyga Floch & Abonnenc, 1945 (11,41%), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis Mangabeira, 1942 (9,47%) e Nyssomyia anduzei Rozeboom, 1942 (7,61%). Para a identificação do DNA de Leishmania, foram utilizados 775 pools de fêmeas não ingurgitadas, dos quais 5 foram positivos, 2 de Nyssomya umbratilis Ward & Fraiha, 1977, 1 de Nyssomyia anduzei e 2 de Psychodopygus davisi Root, 1934, demonstrando uma taxa de infecção total de 0,64%. Este estudo aumenta o conhecimento da diversidade de vetores, bem como a identificação das espécies de Leishmania spp. em circulação na região oriental da Amazônia.

Abstract: American tegumentary leishmaniasis is an endemic that has increased considerably in recent decades in the Amazon region, sand flies are the vectors of the transmission of the protozoan that causes leishmaniasis, so the objective of this study was to carry out a survey of the diversity of species and the presence of Leishmania DNA in vectors circulating in three endemic counties for tegumentary leishmaniasis in the eastern Brazilian Amazon (Amapá state, Brazil). Using CDC light traps, a total of 10,773 specimens were collected between February 2019 and February 2020, representing 64 species in 15 genera. The vector specie Nyssomyia umbratilis Ward and Frahia, 1977 was the predominant species (13.20% of the total), being collected in all three counties, followed by Trichopygomyia trichopyga Floch & Abonnenc, 1945 (11.41%), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis Mangabeira,1942 (9.47%) and Nyssomyia anduzei Rozeboom, 1942 (7.61%). For the identification of Leishmania DNA, 775 pools of unengorged females were used, of which 5 tested positive, 2 of Nyssomya umbratilis Ward & Fraiha,1977, 1 of Nyssomyia anduzei and 2 of Psychodopygus davisi Root,1934, demonstrating a natural total infection rate of 0.64%. This study increases the knowledge of vector diversity, as well as identifying Leishmania spp. in circulation in the eastern region of the Amazon.

Resumo: A ordem Odonata compreende um dos maiores grupos de insetos aquáticos, mundialmente são descritas 7.000 espécies, sendo que, para o Brasil estão registradas aproximadamente 860 espécies, algo em torno de 14% da fauna global conhecida até o momento. No entanto, ainda existem grandes lacunas no conhecimento da odonatofauna em muitas áreas do Brasil. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar o resultado do levantamento de espécies de Odonata amostradas em três municípios do estado Amapá. O estado se encontra na região norte do país, inserido no Bioma amazônico. As capturas de Odonata foram realizadas entre os meses de janeiro e dezembro de 2018, sendo amostrados 472 espécimes pertencentes a sete famílias, 36 gêneros e 53 espécies. No total, 27 das espécies encontradas durante o estudo correspondem a novos registros para o estado do Amapá. Devido à falta de informação sobre a diversidade da ordem Odonata no Amapá, a lista de espécies apresentada deve servir de aporte para novos estudos contribuindo com o conhecimento da ordem no estado.

Abstract: The Odonata Order comprises one of the largest groups of aquatic insects, 7,000 species are described worldwide, with approximately 860 species registered in Brazil, around 14% of the global fauna known to date. However, there are still great gaps in the knowledge of Odonata fauna in many areas of Brazil. This study aims to present the results of the survey of Odonata species sampled in three counties in the state of Amapá. The state is located in the north of the country, inserted in the Amazon Biome. Odonata were caught between January and December 2018, with 472 specimens being sampled, belonging to seven families, 36 genera and 53 species. In total, 27 of the species found during the study correspond to new records for the state of Amapá. Due to the lack of information on the diversity of the Odonata order in Amapá, the list of species presented should serve as input for new studies contributing to the knowledge of the order in the state.

ABSTRACT Notifications concerning American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) are increasing in the northern areas of Brazil, particularly due to the ongoing increase in human settlements inside the Amazon Forest. Notwithstanding the economical and sanitary importance of the ATL, the ecological aspects of its potential vectors, the Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), remains largely neglected. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the phlebotomine fauna as well as the detection of Leishmania DNA in these insects in the rural settlement Perimetral Norte, in the state of Amapá, eastern region of the Amazon, endemic region for tegumentary leishmaniasis. Sand flies were collected bimonthly from February 2018 to February 2019, using CDC light traps exposed for three consecutive nights in 10 houses of settlement residents. DNA extraction and multiplex PCR were performed to detect trypanosomatids. A total of 3,946 sandflies belonging to 37 species were collected. The most abundant species were Ty. trichopyga (Floch & Abonnenc, 1945) (21.9%) and Mi. rorotaensis (Floch & Abonnenc, 1944) (16.9%). A total of 36 positive pools were found with Leishmania DNA (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), representing 17.9% of the total pools tested (201), those with the highest Minimum infection rates were Mg. migonei (França, 1920) and Lu. gomezi (Nitzulescu, 1931), Leishmania DNA was also detected in Bi. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942), Ny. umbratilis (Ward & Fraiha, 1977), Ny. anduzei (Roseboom, 1942) and Ny. antunesi (Coutinho, 1939). These data confirm the probable participation of these four species in the tegumentary leishmaniasis cycle in the eastern Amazon.

ABSTRACT The characterization of steel fiber reinforced concrete with dry consistency require greater inspection the account of the particularities in the process of mixing, molding and densification, thus this paper aims to propose a methodology combined of densification by manual and mechanical means and the mechanical characterization by the three-point flexural testin prismatic dry cast steel fiber-reinforced concrete specimen. In a qualitative way, the densification-combined methodology provided a smooth surface on the specimen appearance and a reduction of voids due to trapped air. In the flexural test we verified slip-softening and slip-hardening, respectively, to lower and higher reinforcement indexes and theoretical volumes. By the analysis of variance of the results and the database we found out that there was no significant statistical difference to the analyzed residual strength for the combination of the test method (RILEM), consistency (plastic), type (hooked end) and form (glued), when the comparison is made by quadruple association.

RESUMEN La caracterización del concreto de consistencia seca con fibras de acero requiere mayores investigaciones por cuenta de las particularidades en el proceso de mezcla, moldeado y adensamiento, por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una metodología combinada para la densificación manual y mecánica y la caracterización mecánica con ensayo de tracción en una flexión en tres puntos en de cuerpos de prueba prismáticos de concreto de concreto de consistencia seca con fibras de acero. De modo cualitativo una metodología combinada de densificación proporcionó un aspecto liso a la superficie en el cuerpo de prueba y reducción de los vacíos por el aire aprisionado. En el ensayo de tracción una flexión verificó el comportamiento de slip-softening y slip-hardening, respectivamente, para menores y mayores índices de refuerzo y volúmenes teóricos. Al final se constató que el análisis de varianza del banco de datos indicó mayores valores de resistencia residual para la combinación del método de ensayo (RILEM), consistencia (plástica), especie (hookedend) y camino (colado en peine), cuando se hace la comparación por asociación cuádruple.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adoptive transfer of T cells expressing a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has shown impressive response rates for the treatment of CD19 + B-cell malignancies in numerous clinical trials. The CAR molecule, which recognizes cell-surface tumor-associated antigen independently of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), is composed by one or more signaling molecules to activate genetically modified T cells for killing, proliferation, and cytokine production. Objectives: In order to make this treatment available for a larger number of patients, we developed a simple and efficient platform to generate and expand CAR-T cells. Methods: Our approach is based on a lentiviral vector composed by a second-generation CAR that signals through a 41BB and CD3-ζ endodomain. Conclusions: In this work, we show a high-level production of the lentiviral vector, which was successfully used to generate CAR-T cells. The CAR-T cells produced were highly cytotoxic and specific against CD19+ cells in vitro and in vivo, being able to fully control disease progression in a xenograft B-cell lymphoma mouse model. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of producing CAR-T cells in an academic context and can serve as a paradigm for similar institutions. Nevertheless, the results presented may contribute favoring the translation of the research to the clinical practice.

RESUMO: As estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs), situadas em Teresina-PI, foram projetadas para o recebimento de esgoto doméstico, porém, em 2011 começaram a receber esgoto desconhecido proveniente dos veículos Limpa Fossas. Este esgoto está comprometendo a eficiência do tratamento dos efluentes. O concreto permeável com adição de dióxido de titânio (TiO 2 ) apresenta-se como um processo alternativo para auxiliar no tratamento de esgoto sanitário devido suas propriedades fotocatalíticas. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades mecânicas, hidráulicas e microestruturas do concreto permeável com a adição de 3, 6 e 10% de TiO 2 . Os resultados determinaram que a variação na concentração de TiO 2 influenciou significativamente as propriedades analisadas nesta pesquisa. A adição de TiO 2 no concreto permeável até uma concentração de 6% prejudica suas propriedades físicas e hidráulicas e melhora suas propriedades mecânicas.

ABSTRACT: The sewage treatment stations (STSs), located in Teresina-PI, were designed to receive domestic sewage, however, in 2011 they began to receive unknown sewer from clean pit vehicles. This sewage is compromising the effluent treatment efficiency. The permeable concrete with the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) presents itself as an alternative process to assist in the treatment of sanitary sewage due to its photocatalytic properties. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical, hydraulic, and microstructural properties of permeable concrete with the addition of 3, 6 and 10% of TiO 2 . The results determined that the variation in the concentration of TiO 2 significantly influenced the properties analyzed in this research. The addition of TiO 2 to the permeable concrete to a concentration of 6% impairs its physical and hydraulic properties and improves its mechanical properties.

RESUMO Em virtude da escassez de agregado em algumas regiões na Amazônia, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo, avaliar as propriedades de concretos produzidos com agregado proveniente do leito do rio Oiapoque. Fazendo um estudo comparativo relacionando as características entre os agregados graúdos utilizados na construção civil, em especial o material encontrado no leito do Rio Oiapoque, na cidade de Oiapoque-AP, e o agregado graúdo oriundo da região metropolitana de Belém. Foram realizados ensaios para avaliação das propriedades mecânicas, ensaios de desempenho e microestrutura dos concretos. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização do agregado de origem arenítica da região de Oiapoque não apresentou diferença na resistência à compressão e no módulo de elasticidade dos concretos em relação ao concreto produzidos com agregado disponibilizado comercialmente na região metropolitana de Belém, além disso não houve diferença entre os concretos quanto à taxa de absorção de cloretos ao longo do tempo e avanço na frente de carbonatação. A microestrutura eletrônica de varredura dos concretos, apresentaram uma microestrutura densa, mas normalmente encontrada em compósitos formulados à base de matriz cimentícias. Esses achados servem como evidências empíricas para a validação da utilização de uma jazida de agregado na Região Amazônica, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de obras de infraestrutura na região.

ABSTRACT Due to the scarcity of aggregates in some regions of the Amazon, the present work has the objective of evaluating the properties of concretes produced with aggregate from the bed of the Oiapoque river. A comparative study was carried out comparing the characteristics of the large aggregates used in construction, especially the material found in the Oiapoque river bed in the city of Oiapoque, and the large aggregate from the metropolitan area of Belém. mechanical properties, performance tests and microstructure of concretes. The results showed that the use of the aggregate of arenite origin of the Oiapoque region showed no difference in the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the concretes in relation to the concrete produced with aggregate commercially available in the metropolitan area of Belém. the concrete as to the rate of absorption of chlorides over time and neither advance in the front of carbonation. The scanning electron microstructure of the concretes presented a dense microstructure, but usually found in cementitious matrix - based composites. These findings serve as empirical evidence for the validation of the use of an aggregate deposit in the Amazon Region, contributing to the development of infrastructure works in the region.

RESUMO Para se manter a qualidade e continuidade do fornecimento de energia é essencial monitorar a integridade da estrutura das torres de transmissão usualmente executadas em aço. Por isso, avaliou-se a corrosividade do solo na região amazônica no trecho Vila do Conde-Tucuruí́, no estado do Pará. Foi analisado a resistividade, potencial estrutura-solo, potencial redox, pH, concentração de íons cloreto, sulfato e sulfeto, além do índice de Steinrath e da taxa de corrosão de corpos de prova instalados no solo estudado. Os dados foram coletados no período seco e no chuvoso enquanto que os corpos-de-prova foram removidos após 12 meses de exposição. Os solos da região apresentaram resistividade superior a 20 kΩ.cm, caracterizando-se como pouco corrosivos; o potencial redox de 100 a 300 mV indicou solos ligeira a moderadamente corrosivos; o potencial estrutura-solo permaneceu na faixa de -0,4 a -0,7 V/ECS estando dentro do intervalo considerado normal; o índice de Steinrath classificou os solos em pouco corrosivos a sem corrosividade e as taxas de corrosão dos corpos de prova indicaram elevada corrosão a três metros de profundidade. Baseando-se nos resultados de cada método de avaliação utilizado pode-se concluir que a corrosividade do solo da região estudada aumenta com profundidade, além de ser favorável ao ataque de corrosão microbiológica.

ABSTRACT In order to maintain the quality and continuity of the power supply it is essential to monitor the integrity of the structure of the transmission towers usually executed in steel. This study evaluated soil corrosivity in the Amazon region in the Vila do Conde-Tucuruí stretch, state of Pará. The resistivity, potential soil structure, redox potential, pH, chloride, sulphate and sulfate concentration, besides the Steinrath index and the quantification of the soil corrosivity through the installation of test specimens in the studied soil. The data were collected in the dry and rainy period while the specimens were removed after 12 months of exposure. The soils of the region presented resistivity higher than 20 kΩ.cm, characterizing as few corrosives; the redox potential of 100 to 300 mV indicated mild to moderately corrosive soils; the potential soil structure remained in the range of -0.4 to -0.7 V/ECS being within the range considered normal; the Steinrath index classified the soils into little corrosive to non-corrosive and the corrosion rates of the test specimens indicated high corrosion at 3 meters depth. Based on the results of each evaluation method used it can be verified that the soil corrosivity increases with the depth, besides being favorable to the attack of microbiological corrosion.

ABSTRACT: The demand for effective insecticides in pest control with low toxicity to the non-target organisms, such as natural enemies and pollinators, is increasing steadily. A good alternative for synthetic insecticides is natural compounds, including essential oils (EO). This work assessed toxicity of essential oils extracted from Artemisia annua, A. absinthium, A. camphorata, A. dracunculus and A. vulgaris against the melonworm Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae, a pest of Cucurbitaceae, and their selectivity for fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and jataí bee Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille) (Meliponinae). The plants were grown in a greenhouse with mineral fertilization and were used for EO extraction. The insects in the bioassay belonged to the second instar of D. hyalinata and adult forms of S. saevissima and T. angustula. Essential oil from A. annua induced a high mortality rate in D. hyalinata (96 %) over a 48 h period. The same essential oil was selective for predator S. saevissima (42 % mortality) and pollinator T. angustula (74 % mortality), while causing high mortality in D. hyalinata. The insecticidal activity of A. annua oil was attributed to the synergism of its constituents viz., camphor and 1,8-cineole. Therefore, this essential oil contains constituents that are promising for effective use as insecticide due to its high toxicity and rapid action against D. hyalinata as well as low toxicity for predator and pollinator.

Abstract Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of some neglected diseases, including dengue. It is very important to develop formulations that increase effectiveness of vector control with low toxicity. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that modulates the development of some insects. The low water solubility of quercetin impairs the development of water-dispersible commercial products. To circumvent this problem, the preparation of nanoformulations is considered promising. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bulk and quercetin nanosuspension against A. aegypti larvae and also to investigate their ecotoxicity. Quercetin nanosuspension was produced by a solvent displacement method followed by solvent evaporation and was maintained in two different temperatures (4 and 25 ºC). Its size distribution and zeta potential were monitored along 30 days. The influence of quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin was investigated at various concentrations against A. aegypti and the green algae Chlorella vulgaris. The quercetin nanosuspension presented higher stability at 4 ºC and negative zeta potential values. Quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin adversely affected the larvae development, especially at the highest concentrations. Larvae mortality was between 44% and 100% (48 h) for quercetin nanosuspension at 100 and 500 ppm, respectively. The bulk-quercetin induced around 50% mortality regardless the concentration used at this same time-period. Absence of emerging mosquitoes from water was observed on the survival larvae of all the treated groups. Quercetin nanosuspension was less toxic than bulk-quercetin against C. vulgaris, especially at higher concentrations. These data indicate that quercetin nanosuspension may represent a potential larvicide for A. aegypti control, once they induced larvae death and inhibited the survival ones to emerge from water. In addition, it did not demonstrated ecotoxicity against a non-target organism, highlighting its better properties, when compared to the bulk-quercetin.

The demand for new insecticides is increasing due to the appearance of insect populations that are resistant to currently used products. New insecticides should be efficient in controlling pests and present low toxicity to non-target organisms. Ascia monuste (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a destructive pest of cole vegetables, and the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is an important predator of these caterpillars in brassica crops. Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is very important in pollinating many plants and providing honey. Therefore, this study evaluated the toxicity of synthetic amides to A. monuste and its selectivity in favor of S. saevissima and T. angustula. The amides (2E,4E)-N-propylhexa-2,4-dienamide (3) and (2E, 4E)-N-butylhexa-2,4-dienamide (4) caused high (96 and 93%, respectively) and fast (48 h) mortality of A. monuste. The amides 3 and 4 were not harmful to the predator (mortality of 5.7% for amide 3 and 7.14% for amide 4) and were slightly harmful to the pollinator (mortality of 38.57% for amide 3 and 28.12% for amide 4). The amides 3 and 4 are promising, as insecticides, due to the high and rapid mortality of A. monuste with low and moderate toxicity to S. saevissima and T. angustula, respectively.