ABSTRACT: The study was conducted on a 3-year-old female Santa Inês sheep from a property located in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Tauá, west of Pará. The affected animal had a history of exophthalmos in the left eye, nasal discharge, and breathing difficulty for more than three months. On physical examination, the animal had a low body score, apathy, unilateral facial asymmetry, moderate unilateral left exophthalmos, mixed dyspnea and unilateral profuse serosanguinous nasal discharge. At necropsy, a large nasal mass was observed, predominantly yellowish-white with blackish-red areas, with an irregular, finely granular, moist, and friable surface. The mass invaded from the mucocutaneous junction of the left nostril to the choanae, infiltrated the frontal sinuses, the cribiform plate, and reached the meninges and the frontal portion of the brain. Microscopy of the surface of the nasal epithelium showed severe destruction of the turbinates and epithelia, evidenced by extensive areas of necrosis with a large amount of cellular debris, ulceration, and secondary bacterial infection. In the central nervous system there was pyogranulomatous meningitis with marked vessel congestion, as well as foci of necrosis and granulomatous inflammation. Immunohistochemistry showed intense staining of numerous intralesional hyphae for antibodies against Conidiobolus lamprauges. The diagnosis of granulomatous rhinitis of mycotic origin associated with the Conidiobolus lamprauges was based on epidemiological, clinical-pathological, and immunohistochemical data. ABSTRACT 3yearold yearold 3 year old Tauá Pará eye discharge months examination score apathy asymmetry necropsy observed yellowishwhite yellowish white blackishred blackish red irregular granular moist choanae sinuses plate brain epithelia debris ulceration infection congestion inflammation epidemiological clinicalpathological, clinicalpathological clinical pathological, pathological clinical-pathological data

RESUMO: O estudo foi realizado em um ovino, fêmea, de três anos de idade, da raça santa inês, procedente de uma propriedade localizada do município de Santo Antônio de Tauá, oeste do Pará. O animal acometido tinha histórico de exoftalmia no olho esquerdo, secreção nasal e dificuldade respiratória há mais de três meses. Ao exame físico o animal apresentava baixo escore corporal, apatia, assimetria facial unilateral, moderada exoftalmia unilateral esquerda, dispneia mista e exsudação nasal serossanguinolenta profusa unilateral. À necropsia, foi observada grande massa nasal, predominantemente branco-amarelada com áreas vermelho enegrecidas, de superfície irregular, finamente granular, úmida e friável. A massa invadia desde a junção mucocutânea do nariz esquerdo até as coanas, se infiltrava pelos seios nasais frontais, placa cribiforme e alcançava as meninges e a porção frontal do cérebro. À microscopia da superfície do epitélio nasal notou-se severa destruição dos cornetos e dos epitélios, evidenciada por extensas áreas de necrose com muitos debris celulares, ulceração e infecção bacteriana secundária. No sistema nervoso central (SNC) havia meningite piogranulomatosa com acentuada congestão de vasos, focos de necrose e inflamação granulomatosa. O diagnóstico de rinite granulomatosa de origem micótica associada ao fungo Conidiobolus lamprauges foi baseado nos achados da imuno-histoquímica. RESUMO ovino fêmea idade inês Tauá Pará meses corporal apatia esquerda necropsia brancoamarelada branco amarelada enegrecidas irregular granular friável coanas frontais cérebro notouse notou epitélios celulares secundária SNC (SNC vasos imunohistoquímica. imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica. histoquímica imuno-histoquímica

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility and performance in dairy heifers fed diets containing increasing levels of babassu cake (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg-1 dry matter - DM) as a substitute for sugarcane treated with calcium oxide. Twenty-four heifers with an initial mean weight of 190.8 + 40.8 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomised design. The dry matter intake (DMI), neutral detergent fibre intake (NDFI) and acid detergent fibre intake (ADFI), as %BW and g BW-0.75 , showed an increasing linear response. The organic matter intake (OMI) showed a linear increase of 40 g day-1, 0.017%BW and 0.66 g BW-0.75 for each 10 g kg-1 increase in babassu cake in the diet. The apparent digestibility of the dry matter (ADDM) and organic matter (ADOM) showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05), with a minimum of 493 g kg-1 DM for 150 g kg-1 DM and 526.5 g kg-1 DM for 320 g kg-1 DM as a substitute for the sugarcane, respectively. The final mean weight was not altered, presenting a value of 299.7 + 45.5 kg. Daily weight gain (DWG) showed a quadratic response, with the highest value at a substitution level of 190 g kg-1 DM. The feed conversion rate of the DM was not affected by the addition of babassu cake, with an average of 4.6 + 0.74 kg DM kg-1 in weight gain. Babassu cake can substitute hydrolysed sugarcane in heifer diets up to 300 g kg-1 DM, with the greatest weight gain seen at a substitution level of 190 g kg-1 DM. 0, 0 (0 100 20 30 kg1 1 kg- oxide Twentyfour Twenty four 1908 8 190. 408 40. used design DMI, DMI (DMI) NDFI (NDFI ADFI, ADFI (ADFI) BW BW0.75 BW075 0.75 75 BW-0.7 OMI (OMI 4 day1, day1 day 1, day-1 0017BW 017 066 66 0.6 diet ADDM (ADDM ADOM (ADOM P 0.05, 005 0.05 05 0.05) 49 15 5265 526 5 526. 32 respectively altered 2997 299 7 299. 455 45 45. DWG (DWG 19 46 6 4. 074 74 0.7 ( 2 3 (DMI (ADFI BW0 BW0.7 BW07 075 BW-0. day- 01 06 0. 00 0.0 52 29 07 BW0. BW-0 BW-

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing levels of babassu cake on the ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers in confinement. Twenty-four heifers with an average initial weight of 190.8 ± 40.8 kg were fed diets containing babassu cake (0, 100, 200, 300 mg kg-1 (dry matter basis) as a substitute for sugar cane, in a completely randomised design with four treatments and six replications. Observations were made every five minutes for 24 hours, assessing rumination, feeding, idle time, sleeping and other activities, in addition to the frequency with which the heifers searched for water, urinated and defecated. The time spent on feeding and rumination decreased by 0.1138% and 0.3106%, respectively, for every 10 g kg-1 substitute, while idle time increased by 0.3368% for every 10 g kg-1 substitute. The time spent sleeping and on other activities was not affected. Longer feeding times were seen whenever feed was offered, with more rumination activity at night. There was no effect on the specific activities (urination, defecation or drinking); however, urination and drinking were affected by the period, and was more frequent during the day. There was a linear increase in intake, and in feed and rumination efficiency for dry matter and neutral detergent fibre, with a reduction in total chewing time. Substituting babassu cake for sugar cane affects both the ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers and the rumination process as it does not stimulate chewing. confinement Twentyfour Twenty 1908 190 8 190. 408 40 40. 0, 0 (0 100 200 30 kg1 1 kg- basis replications 2 hours water defecated 01138 1138 0.1138 03106 3106 0.3106% respectively 03368 3368 0.3368 offered night urination, (urination drinking) however period day intake fibre 19 4 ( 20 3 0113 113 0.113 0310 310 0.3106 0336 336 0.336 011 11 0.11 031 31 0.310 033 33 0.33 01 0.1 03 0.31 0.3 0.

Resumo Antecedentes A disfunção olfatória (DO) é uma manifestação frequente da doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). A apolipoproteína E (APOE) é uma proteína que interage com o receptor da enzima conversora de angiotensina, essencial para a entrada viral na célula. Publicações anteriores sugeriram um possível papel da APOE na gravidade da COVID-19. Até onde sabemos, nenhuma publicação encontrou associações significativas entre a gravidade dessa doença, DO e polimorfismos da APOE (E2, E3 e E4). Objetivo Analisar a epidemiologia da DO e sua relação com os polimorfismos do gene APOE em uma coorte de pacientes com COVID longa. Métodos Um estudo de coorte prospectiva com pacientes acompanhados em ambulatório neurológico pós-COVID, com DO sendo definida como uma redução subjetiva da função olfativa após a infecção e a DO persistente sendo definida quando a queixa durou mais de 3 meses após a resolução da infecção por COVID-19. Este estudo transversal é parte de uma pesquisa maior com dados anteriormente relatados, focando na performance cognitiva dos pacientes. Resultados Foram selecionados 221 pacientes para esse estudo, dos quais 186 haviam coletado amostras de sangue para genotipagem APOE. O grupo DO persistente foi mais jovem e apresentou menor taxa de internação na fase aguda da doença (p < 0,001). Além disso, a frequência do alelo E4 da APOE foi menor nesse grupo (p = 0,035). Este estudo avaliou a DO em uma população com COVID longa. Na literatura atual sobre essa doença, a anosmia está associada a melhores desfechos clínicos e o alelo E4 está associado a piores desfechos. Conclusão Nosso estudo acrescenta novas informações a essas correlações, sugerindo a APOE E4 como um fator de proteção para DO. (DO 201 COVID19. COVID19 19 . (COVID-19) (APOE angiotensina célula 19. COVID-19 sabemos E2, E2 (E2 E4. E4) longa pósCOVID, pósCOVID pós COVID, pós-COVID relatados 22 18 p 0,001. 0001 0,001 0 001 0,001) disso 0,035. 0035 0,035 035 0,035) correlações 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-19 COVID-1 (E 2 000 0,00 00 003 0,03 03 (COVID-1 COVID- 0,0 (COVID- 0, (COVID

Abstract Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) represents a frequent manifestation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein that interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, essential for viral entry into the cell. Previous publications have suggested a possible role of APOE in COVID-19 severity. As far as we know, no publications found significant associations between this disease's severity, OD, and APOE polymorphisms (E2, E3, and E4). Objective To analyze the epidemiology of OD and its relationship with APOE polymorphisms in a cohort of Long-COVID patients. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study with patients followed in a post-COVID neurological outpatient clinic, with OD being defined as a subjective reduction of olfactory function after infection, and persistent OD being defined when the complaint lasted more than 3 months after the COVID-19 infection resolution. This cross-sectional study is part of a large research with previously reported data focusing on the cognitive performance of our sample. Results The final sample comprised 221 patients, among whom 186 collected blood samples for APOE genotyping. The persistent OD group was younger and had a lower hospitalization rate during the acute phase of the disease (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the APOE variant E4 allele frequency was lower in this group (p = 0.035). This study evaluated OD in an outpatient population with COVID-19. In the current literature on this disease, anosmia is associated with better clinical outcomes and the E4 allele is associated with worse outcomes. Conclusion Our study provides new information to these correlations, suggesting APOE E4 as a protective factor for OD. (OD 201 COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19 . (COVID-19) (APOE angiotensinconverting angiotensin converting receptor cell COVID-1 severity know diseases s E2, E2 (E2 E3 E4. E4) LongCOVID Long postCOVID post clinic resolution crosssectional cross sectional 22 18 genotyping p 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) Furthermore 0.035. 0035 0.035 035 0.035) 19. correlations 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-19 COVID- (E 2 000 0.00 00 003 0.03 03 (COVID-1 0.0 (COVID- 0. (COVID

ABSTRACT Despite being subject to lower AIDS-related mortality rates and having a higher life expectancy, patients with HIV are more prone to develop non-AIDS events. A low CD4+/CD8+ ratio during antiretroviral therapy identifies people with heightened immune senescence and increased risk of mortality. In clinical practice, finding determinants of a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio may be useful for identifying patients who require close monitoring due to an increased risk of comorbidities and death. We performed a prospective study on the evolution of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in 60 patients infected with HIV (80% males), who were subjected to two different antiretroviral regimens: early and deferred therapy. The initial CD4+/CD8+ ratio was ≤1 for 70% of the patients in both groups. Older age, CD4+ cell count at inclusion, Nadir CD8+T-cell count, and Initial CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≤ 1 were risk factors for lack of ratio recovery. In the multivariate analysis, a CD4+/CD8+ ratio > 1 at the start of the treatment was found to be a determinant factor in maintaining a CD4+/CD8+ ratio > 1. The nadir CD4+T-cell count was lower in the deferred therapy group (p=0.004), and the last CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≤1 was not associated with comorbidities. Ratio recovery was not associated with the duration of HIV infection, time without therapy, or absence of AIDS incidence. A greater improvement was observed in patients treated early (p=0.003). In contrast, the slope of increase was slower in patients who deferred treatment. In conclusion, the increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio occurred mostly for patients undergoing early strategy treatment and its extension did not seem to be related to previous HIV-related factors. AIDSrelated expectancy nonAIDS non events CD4CD8 CDCD CD4 CD8 CD CD4+/CD8 practice death 6 80% 80 (80 males, males , males) regimens 70 groups age inclusion CD8+Tcell CD8Tcell CDTcell CD8+T T analysis CD4+Tcell CD4Tcell CD4+T p=0.004, p0004 p p=0.004 0 004 (p=0.004) infection incidence p=0.003. p0003 p=0.003 . 003 (p=0.003) contrast conclusion HIVrelated CD4CD CD4+/CD 8 (8 7 Tcell CD8T CDT CD4T p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 (p=0.003 ( p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the application of the Antimicrobial (ATM) treatment time reduction strategy in Intensive Care Units (ICU) in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP). Method: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in two ICU of a university hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil, from January/2017 to January/2019. Adult patients were included, accompanied by a pharmacist, and using ATM, in which the treatment time reduction strategy was applied. The evaluation of the strategy was made through the difference between the predicted time established at the beginning of the treatment and the effective days of use of each ATM. Results: Of the 100 patients included, 51.0 % were male and 64.0 % were elderly. The respiratory system was the most frequently affected by the infections (37.4 %) and the most prevalent classes of ATM were carbapenems (23.0 %) and glycopeptides (20.1 %). There was a decrease from 831 unnecessary days of antimicrobial therapy and from an average of 13.7 to 8.9 days of treatment. The greatest reductions in days were observed for meropenem, with 202 days reduced. The study also allowed the identification of associations between the reduction > 8 days of treatment and the variables length of stay > 22 days and patients in exclusive palliative care, and associations between hospital discharge and reductions of up to 7 days of therapy. Conclusions: The data obtained suggest that the presence of an ASP influences the practices of ATM use and its treatment time and emphasize the role of pharmaceutical professionals in these programs.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de la estrategia reducción del tiempo de tratamiento Antimicrobiano (ATM) en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) en un Programa Stewardship de Antimicrobiano (ASP). Método: Este es un estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en dos UCI de un hospital universitario de Fortaleza, Brasil, de enero/2017 a enero/2019. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos, acompañados por un farmacéutico y utilizando ATM, en los que se aplicó la estrategia de reducción del tiempo de tratamiento. La evaluación de la estrategia se realizó a través de la diferencia entre el tiempo previsto establecido al inicio del tratamiento y los días efectivos de uso de cada ATM. Resultados: De los 100 pacientes incluidos, 51,0 % eran del sexo masculino y 64,0 % ancianos. El sistema respiratorio fue el más frecuentemente afectado (37,4 %) y las clases de ATM más prevalentes fueron los carbapenémicos (23,0 %) y los glicopéptidos (20,1 %). Hubo una disminución de 831 días innecesarios de terapia antimicrobiana y de un promedio de 13,7 a 8,9 días de tratamiento. Las mayores reducciones en días se observaron para meropenem, con 202 días reducidos. El estudio también permitió identificar asociaciones entre la reducción > 8 días de tratamiento y las variables estancia > 22 días y pacientes en cuidados paliativos exclusivos; y asociaciones entre alta hospitalaria y reducciones de hasta 7 días de terapia. Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos sugieren que la presencia de un ASP influye en las prácticas de uso de ATM y su tiempo de tratamiento y enfatizan el papel de los profesionales farmacéuticos en estos programas.

Resumen Este artículo analiza los factores biológicos de los elasmobranquios más comunes en Bahía Santa Elena, en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste en el Pacifico norte de Costa Rica. Debido a un vacío de información científica marino-costera que origina un fallo del sistema de manejo, no hay enfoque de resiliencia en las poblaciones sujeto de conservación. Se utilizó el método de muestreo mensual desde septiembre de 2015 hasta agosto de 2016. Mediante censo subacuático, uso de un trasmallo y visita en los puestos de recibo de pescado de Cuajiniquil se determinó la diversidad, abundancia relativa, distribución de las especies, aspectos biométricos, biología reproductiva y estructura de tallas de captura; también se aplicó una encuesta a 120 pescadores para conocer la percepción social en factores del desarrollo sostenible. Se trabajó con una muestra de 289 individuos que dio como resultado que los meses de mayor precipitación se relacionan con picos de los índices de diversidad, con poca distribución espacial, donde se presenta un remplazo estacional de especies, entre las que destaca el arribo de Rhinopterasteindachneri, Mobulamunkiana, durante los meses lluviosos y Mustelushenlei junto con Sphyrnalewini durante los vientos alisios. El periodo de desove principal para Myliobatiformes se ubica antes de diciembre, pero Urotrygonnana presenta un segundo periodo en julio. Se concluye que la biometría indica un mayor número de organismos juveniles para tiburones y adultos para rayas. La pesca con trasmallo de fondo se caracterizó por bajo rendimiento económico, lo que incide en la captura de juveniles de S. lewini, y este ingreso económico no se beneficia de los bienes naturales intangibles presentes en BSE que son patrimonio del Estado.

Abstract This article analyzes the biological factors of the most common elasmobranchs in Bahía Santa Elena, in the Guanacaste Conservation Area in the north Pacific of Costa Rica. Due to a lack of marine-coastal scientific information there is a system failure of management, leaving without a resilience approach to the populations subject to conservation. The monthly sampling method was used from September 2015 to August 2016, diversity, relative abundance, species distribution, biometric aspects, reproductive biology and catch size structure were determined by means of an underwater census, the use of a trammel net and a visit to the Cuajiniquil fish reception posts. A survey was applied to 120 fishermen to know the social perception regarding the factors of sustainable development. I worked with a sample of 289 individuals, among the main results, it was obtained that the months with the highest rainfall are related to peaks of the diversity indices, with little spatial distribution. A seasonal replacement of species is presented, highlightingthe arrival of Rhinopterasteindachneri, Mobulamunkiana, during the rainy months and Mustelushenlei and Sphyrnalewini during the Trade Winds. The main spawning period for Myliobatiformes is located before December, however Urotrygonnana presents a second period in July. It is concluded that biometry indicates a greater number of juvenile organisms for sharks and adults for rays, bottom gillnet fishing was characterized by low economic performance, which affects the capture of juveniles of S. lewini, this economic income does not benefit from the intangible natural assets present in BSE that are State assets.

Resumen Introducción. Los nematodos lesionadores, Pratylenchus spp., poseen un amplio rango de hospederos y reducen los rendimientos de diferentes cultivos. La información sobre la diversidad de especies de Pratylenchus en Costa Rica es escasa. Objetivo. Identificar las especies de Pratylenchus asociadas a 12 cultivos con base en la región D3 del gen 28SrDNA. Materiales y métodos. Durante el 2013 al 2015, se recolectaron muestras de raíces en Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia y San José en cultivos de arroz (Oryza sativa), pimienta negra (Piper nigrum), caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum), aster (Aster sp.), café (Coffea arabica), banano (Musa paradisiaca), lirio (Lilium sp.), gysophila (Gypsophila sp.), cebolla (Allium cepa), papa (Solanum tuberosum), fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) y helecho de hoja de cuero (Rumohra adiantiformis). Se amplificó y secuenció la región D3 del gen 28S del ADNr de cada población. Se realizó una búsqueda en el Gen Bank con un “Blast Search” para cada secuencia. Las relaciones filogenéticas se establecieron mediante inferencia bayesiana. Resultados. “Blast Search” indicó la presencia de P. pseudocoffeae en aster, P. brachyurus en pimienta negra, P. crenatus en cebolla y papa, P. hippeastri y P. gutierrezi en caña de azúcar y café, respectivamente. P. bolivianus en helecho hoja de cuero y papa, P. penetrans en cebolla, fresa, gypsophila y lirio, P. zeae en arroz y caña de azúcar, mientras que P. speijeri en banano. El análisis filogenético corroboró la identidad de especies de Pratylenchus con excepciones de secuencias de: 1) banano, agrupada al grupo complejo P. coffeae, 2) caña de azúcar al grupo complejo P. hippeastri 3) cebolla y papa relacionados a P. crenatus, en un grupo independiente y 4) helecho de hoja de cuero y papa se agruparon con P. bolivianus con baja resolución. Conclusiones. Se encontraron nueve grupos genéticos de Pratylenchus, algunos de los cuales deben verificarse con otros marcadores moleculares para lograr una identificación concluyente.

Abstract Introduction. The root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., have a wide host range and reduce the yield of different crops. Information on the diversity of Pratylenchus species is scarce in Costa Rica. Objective. To identify the Pratylenchus species associated with 12 crops based on the D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene. Materials and methods. During 2013 to 2015, root samples were collected in Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, and San José in crops of rice (Oryza sativa), black pepper (Piper nigrum), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), aster (Aster sp.), coffee (Coffea arabica), banana (Musa paradisiaca), lily (Lilium sp.), gypsophila (Gypsophila sp.), onion (Allium cepa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), and leather-leaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis). The D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene from each population was amplified and sequenced. A GenBank Blast Search was performed for each sequence. The phylogenetic relationships were established by Bayesian Inference. Results. Blast Search indicated the presence of P. pseudocoffeae in aster, P. brachyurus in black pepper, P. crenatus in onion and potato, P. hippeastri and P. gutierrezi in sugarcane and coffee, respectively. Pratylenchus bolivianus in leather-leaf fern and potato, P. penetrans in onion, strawberry, gypsophila, and lily, P. zeae in rice and sugarcane, while P. speijeri in banana. The phylogenetic analysis corroborated the Pratylenchus species identity with exceptions of sequences from 1) banana, grouped to P. coffeae complex group, 2) sugar cane, grouped to P. hippeastri complex group 3) onion and potato were related with P. crenatus, in an independent group, and 4) leather-leaf fern and potato were grouped with P. bolivianus with low resolution. Conclusions. Nine genetic groups of Pratylenchus were found, some of those should be verified with other molecular markers to get a conclusive identification.

Developing biomaterials for tissue regeneration is a promising alternative for the recovery of various tissues, including bone. Atorvastatin (ATV) has a series of beneficial effects which includes bone anabolism, vasodilating, and anti-inflammatory actions. The main objective of this work was to produce and characterize polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices incorporated with ATV. Samples were prepared by the solvent casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro release studies were performed. FTIR analysis showed that no chemical bonds were formed between PCL and ATV. SEM analysis showed that the amount of ATV affects sample morphology. According to XRD and thermal analysis, the main ATV characteristics were maintained. The studies showed that PCL/ATV samples release the drug in a prolonged way since its release reaches around 50% after 15000 minutes of analysis and the model that showed the best fit for the studied matrices was the Higuchi model, with a correlation coefficient above 0.95. tissues (ATV anabolism vasodilating antiinflammatory anti inflammatory actions (PCL technique SEM, , (SEM) XRay X Ray XRD, (XRD) FTIR, (FTIR) TGA, TGA (TGA) DSC (DSC performed morphology maintained PCLATV 50 1500 095 0 95 0.95 (SEM (XRD (FTIR (TGA 5 150 09 9 0.9 15 0. 1

Resumen Objetivo reportar el proceso de desarrollo de un grupo focal en línea como técnica de recolección de datos en investigación cualitativa. Método este es un relato de experiencia sobre el desarrollo de un grupo focal en línea para la recolección de datos con enfermeras docentes vinculadas a la pasantía supervisada de Atención Primaria de Salud en una universidad pública del interior de Ceará, realizada en marzo de 2020. Resultados las fases de planificación del grupo focal en línea sincrónico fueron: (1) estructuración del enfoque; (2) construcción del instrumento guía; (3) composición del grupo; y, (4) desarrollo del proceso de grupo. Esto proporcionó accesibilidad, adherencia de los participantes, reducción de costos, menor abstención de los participantes y rapidez en la recolección, registro y análisis de datos. Se obtuvo un resultado satisfactorio, destacándose como posibilidad concreta de técnica de recolección de datos en la investigación cualitativa. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la estrategia de recolección de datos a través del grupo focal en línea puede contribuir a la construcción de conocimiento en el sector salud y enfermería para realizar investigaciones cualitativas. cualitativa Ceará 2020 fueron 1 (1 enfoque 2 (2 guía 3 (3 4 (4 accesibilidad costos satisfactorio cualitativas 202 ( 20

Abstract Objective to report the process of developing an online focus group as a data collection technique in qualitative research. Method this is an experience report on the development of an online focus group for data collection with teaching nurses linked to the supervised internship of Primary Health Care at a public university in the interior of Ceará, carried out in March 2020. Results the planning phases of the synchronous online focus group were: (1) structuring of the approach; (2) construction of the guide instrument; (3) group composition; and, (4) development of the group process. This provided accessibility, participant adherence, cost reduction, less participant abstention and speed to collect, record and analyze data. A satisfactory result was obtained, standing out as a concrete possibility of data collection technique in qualitative research. Conclusion and implications for practice the data collection strategy through the online focus group can contribute to the construction of knowledge in the health sector and nursing to carry out qualitative research. research Ceará 2020 were 1 (1 approach 2 (2 instrument 3 (3 composition 4 (4 accessibility adherence reduction collect obtained 202 ( 20

Resumo Objetivo relatar o processo de desenvolvimento de grupo focal on-line como técnica de coleta de dados em pesquisas qualitativas. Método trata-se de relato de experiência do desenvolvimento de um grupo focal on-line para a coleta de dados com os enfermeiros docentes vinculados ao estágio supervisionado da Atenção Básica em Saúde de uma universidade pública do interior do Ceará, realizado em março de 2020. Resultados as fases de planejamento do grupo focal on-line síncrono foram: (1) estruturação da abordagem; (2) construção do instrumento-guia; (3) composição do grupo; e, (4) desenvolvimento do processo grupal. Este oportunizou a acessibilidade, a adesão dos participantes, a redução de custos, a menor abstenção dos participantes e a rapidez para coletar, registar e analisar os dados. Obteve-se resultado satisfatório, destacando-se como uma possibilidade concreta de técnica de coleta de dados, em pesquisas qualitativas. Conclusões e implicações para a prática a estratégia de coleta de dados por meio do grupo focal on-line pode contribuir para a construção do conhecimento na área da saúde e Enfermagem para a realização de pesquisas qualitativas. online on line qualitativas tratase trata se Ceará 2020 foram 1 (1 abordagem 2 (2 instrumentoguia instrumento guia instrumento-guia 3 (3 4 (4 grupal acessibilidade custos coletar Obtevese Obteve satisfatório destacandose destacando 202 ( 20

Resumo A análise da composição corporal é parte fundamental de uma avaliação nutricional, em que a utilização de métodos diagnósticos por imagem tem sido cada vez mais requisitada para uma adequada caracterização da massa magra e massa gorda corporal. Medidas de composição corporal são úteis em avaliar a eficácia das intervenções nutricionais e monitorar as mudanças associadas ao envelhecimento e condições de doenças crônicas. A densitometria de corpo inteiro utilizando a técnica de absorciometria de dupla energia (DEXA) é um dos métodos mais utilizados na prática clínica, que permite avaliação com elevada acurácia do conteúdo mineral ósseo, da gordura corporal e da massa magra. Este exame fornece grande quantidade de informações, no entanto, ainda não existe uma padronização universal de quais parâmetros devem ser incluídos nos relatórios radiológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar as informações mais relevantes para avaliação da composição corporal fornecidas pela densitometria de corpo inteiro.

Abstract The analysis of body composition is a fundamental part of a nutritional status assessment, and the use of diagnostic imaging methods has been increasingly required for an adequate characterization of the lean body mass and fat mass. Body composition measurements are useful in evaluating the effectiveness of nutritional interventions and monitoring changes associated with aging and chronic diseases. Whole-body densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is one of the most widely used methods in clinical practice, allowing highly accurate assessment of the bone mineral content, lean body mass, and fat mass. Although a DEXA examination provides a lot of information, there is still no universal standardization of the parameters to be included in radiology reports. The aim of this study was to review the most relevant information for assessing body composition by whole-body densitometry.

ABSTRACT Several drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over the last decades, most patients requiring pharmacological intervention were offered antiresorptive drugs as first-line therapy, while anabolic agents were considered a last resource for those with therapeutic failure. However, recent randomized trials in patients with severe osteoporosis have shown that anabolic agents reduce fractures to a greater extent than antiresorptive medications. Additionally, evidence indicates that increases in bone mineral density (BMD) are maximized when patients are treated with anabolic agents first, followed by antiresorptive therapy. This evidence is key, considering that greater increases in BMD during osteoporosis treatment are associated with a more pronounced reduction in fracture risk. Thus, international guidelines have recently proposed an individualized approach to osteoporosis treatment based on fracture risk stratification, in which the stratification risk has been refined to include a category of patients at very high risk of fracture who should be managed with anabolic agents as first-line therapy. In this document, the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism propose the definition of very high risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women, for whom anabolic agents should be considered as first-line therapy. This document also reviews the factors associated with increased fracture risk, trials comparing anabolic versus antiresorptive agents, efficacy of anabolic agents in patients who are treatment naïve versus those previously treated with antiresorptive agents, and safety of anabolic agents.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the consensus of the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging from the Brazilian Academy of Neurology on the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Brazil. The authors conducted a literature review regarding clinical and research criteria for AD diagnosis and proposed protocols for use at primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels. Within this clinical scenario, the diagnostic criteria for typical and atypical AD are presented as well as clinical, cognitive, and functional assessment tools and complementary propaedeutics with laboratory and neuroimaging tests. The use of biomarkers is also discussed for both clinical diagnosis (in specific conditions) and research. Alzheimers Alzheimer s (AD Brazil primary secondary levels scenario cognitive tests conditions

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta o consenso realizado pelo Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia sobre os critérios diagnósticos da Doença de Alzheimer (DA) no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura e dos critérios clínicos e de pesquisa para DA, sendo propostos protocolos para o diagnóstico de DA em níveis de atenção primária, secundária e terciária. Dentro deste cenário clínico, são apresentados os critérios diagnósticos para DA típica e atípica, além de instrumentos de avaliação clínica, cognitiva e funcional; bem como propedêutica complementar com exames laboratoriais e de neuroimagem. A utilização de biomarcadores é também apresentada, tanto para o diagnóstico clínico em situações específicas quanto para pesquisa. (DA Brasil primária terciária atípica clínica funcional neuroimagem apresentada

Resumo Introdujo: os sistemas de saúde foram desafiados a desenvolver estratégias organizacionais para a prestacao de cuidados cirúrgicos. Objetivo: apresentar as estratégias dos servidos de saúde no que se refere as práticas de cuidados cirúrgicos em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: revisao integrativa, desenvolvida em seis etapas, cuja busca dos artigos ocorreu na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, SciELO, PubMed e ScienceDirect. Os descritores controlados em saúde adotados foram “Centros Cirúrgicos” e "Infeccóes por Coronavirus” de acordo com os sistemas DeCS e MeSH Terms. Foram selecionados 60 artigos de 405 estudos encontrados. Resultados: as principais estratégias utilizadas pelos servidos de saúde foram: a suspensao e adiamento de cirurgias eletivas durante as ondas de contágio da doenca; e a triagem cuidadosa dos pacientes para COVID-19 antes e após intervencóes cirúrgicas. Discussáo: a suspensao e o adiamento de cirurgias eletivas devem ser avaliados com cautela pela equipe de saúde, de forma individualizada, para cada paciente, visto que situacóes clinicas nao urgentes podem agravar ao longo do tempo, aumentando as chances de morbimortalidade desses pacientes. Conclusáo: a triagem dos pacientes e dos profissionais da saúde para COVID-19 sao estratégias importantes para evitar a contaminacao desses sujeitos. A suspensao e o adiamento de cirurgias eletivas, durante as ondas de contágio por COVID-19, sao recomendados para aumentar a capacidade de leitos disponiveis para pacientes graves hospitalizados por essa doenca. Essa recomendacao também auxilia no remanejamento de profissionais desse setor para as unidades com a demanda de cuidados de saúde mais elevada.

Abstract Introduction: Health systems were challenged to develop organizational strategies for the delivery of surgical care. Objective: to present the strategies of health services with regard to surgical care practices in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: An integrative review was conducted following six stages; the search for articles was performed using the Virtual Health Library, SciELO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The science descriptors adopted were “Surgicenters” and “Coronavirus Infections,” according to the DeCS-MeSH terms system. We selected 60 articles from 405 studies found. Results: The main strategies used by the health services were to suspend and postpone elective surgeries during waves of disease transmission and careful screening of patients with COVID-19 before and after surgery. Discussion: The suspension and postponement of elective surgeries should be carefully evaluated by the health team, individually for each patient since non-urgent clinical situations may worsen over time, increasing the chances of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Conclusion: screening patients and health professionals for COVID-19, according to the reality of surgical units, centers or outpatient clinics, is an important strategy to avoid contamination of these subjects. The suspension and postponement of elective surgeries, during the waves of contagion by COVID-19, is recommended to increase the capacity of beds available for critically ill patients hospitalized for this disease. This recommendation also helps in the reassignment of professionals in this sector to the units with the highest demand for health care.

Resumen: Introducción: los sistemas de salud fueron desafiados a desarrollar estrategias organizacionales para la prestación de atención quirúrgica. Objetivo: presentar las estrategias de los servicios de salud en relación a las prácticas de atención quirúrgica en tiempos de la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Revisión integradora, desarrollada en seis etapas, cuya búsqueda de artículos se realizó en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, SciELO, PubMed y ScienceDirect. Los descriptores de salud adoptados fueron “Centros Quirúrgicos” e “Infecciones por Coronavirus”, según los sistemas DeCS y MeSH Terms. Seleccionamos 60 artículos de 405 estudios encontrados. Resultados: Las principales estrategias utilizadas por los servicios de salud fueron: la suspensión y postergación de cirugías electivas durante las oleadas de contagio de la enfermedad; y la detección cuidadosa de pacientes para COVID-19 antes y después de las intervenciones quirúrgicas. Discusión: La suspensión y postergación de cirugías electivas debe ser cuidadosamente evaluada por el equipo de salud, ya que situaciones clínicas no urgentes pueden empeorar con el tiempo, aumentando las posibilidades de morbilidad y mortalidad en esos pacientes. Conclusión: El triaje de dos pacientes y dos profesionales de la salud para COVID-19 son estrategias importantes para evitar la contaminación de estos sujetos. Se recomienda la suspensión y postergación de cirugías electivas, durante las olas de contagio por COVID-19, para aumentar la capacidad de camas disponibles para pacientes críticos hospitalizados por esta enfermedad. Esta recomendación también ayuda en la reasignación de profesionales de este sector a las unidades con mayor demanda de atención en salud.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros bioquímicos de caprinos submetidos ou não a castração e recebendo ou não suplementação com vitamina E. Um total de 24 caprinos, machos não castrados (12 unidades experimentais) e machos castrados (12 unidades experimentais), com peso corporal médio de 17,6 kg ± 2,67 kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, sendo duas condições animais (macho castrado e não castrado) e suplementação com vitamina E (com e sem suplementação), com seis repetições. Houve efeito dos tratamentos (P<0,05) ao longo do tempo para todas as variáveis estudadas. Houve efeito da suplementação vitamínica (P<0,05) para fósforo, ferro, proteína, glicose, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALP) e gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT). A suplementação vitamínica elevou os níveis de glicose, creatinina e GTT ao longo do tempo, e reduziu os níveis de fósforo, ferro, proteína, albumina, AST e ALP. Concluímos que a vitamina E influenciou nos parâmetros bioquímicos estudados, porém a castração não alterou o perfil bioquímico de caprinos, independentemente de estarem suplementados ou não com a vitamina E.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical parameters of goats submitted to castration or not and receiving supplementation with vitamin E or not. A total of 24 goats, uncastrated (12 experimental units) and castrated males (12 experimental units), with average body weight weighing 17.6 kg ± 2.67 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with two animal conditions (castrated and uncastrated male) and vitamin E supplementation (with and without supplementation), with six replications. There was an effect of treatments (P<0.05) over time for all studied variables. There was an effect of vitamin supplementation (P<0.05) for phosphorus, iron, protein, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Vitamin supplementation increased glucose, creatinine and GTT levels over time, and reduced levels of phosphorus, iron, protein, albumin, AST and ALP. We conclude that vitamin E influenced the biochemical parameters studied, but castration did not change the biochemical profile of goats, regardless of whether they were supplemented with vitamin E or not.