Abstract: This investigation proposes to develop a methodology based on the mean-variance mapping optimization (MVMO) algorithm to reduce the active power losses of the subtransmission system of the Electric Company Quito (EEQ), determining the best operating point of the system, considering the state of taps of the transformers, the capacitor banks and the contribution of reagents from the generation plants that the company currently has. EEQ. The same ones that, when operating in an adequate manner, lead to reducing the value of active power losses in the network, thus improving the operating conditions of the EEQ Electrical Power System.

Resumen: Esta investigación propone desarrollar una metodología basada en el algoritmo de optimización de mapeo media varianza (MVMO) para reducir las pérdidas de potencia activa del sistema de subtransmisión de la Empresa Eléctrica Quito (EEQ), determinando el mejor punto de operación del sistema, considerando el estado de tap’s de los transformadores, los bancos de capacitores y del aporte de reactivos de las centrales de generación con las que cuenta actualmente la EEQ. Los mismos que al operar de una manera adecuada llevan a reducir el valor de las pérdidas de potencia activa en la red, mejorando así las condiciones operativas del Sistema Eléctrico de Potencia de la EEQ.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the profile of AMH serum concentrations during the period of prepuberty in young bulls. The bulls were selected and evaluated for 150 days to assess their sexual development. The semen and blood collection, body weight (kg), and scrotal measurements were performed every 30 days, and puberty (D0) was considered when at least 50×106 spermatozoa/mL, and 10% of progressive motility were verified for the first time. After the blood collection, plasma was separated and used to determine the AMH concentration by ELISA, presenting values of 611.4a (±94.5), 555a (±181.99), 621.6ab (±133.44), 370.4ab (±59.36) and 51.7b (±7.94) for moments of -60, -30, 0, +30 and +60 of puberty, respectively. During the evaluated period, there was a progressive increase in body weight (kg), scrotal circumference (cm), and semen characteristics. The AMH mean plasma concentration decreased 60 days after puberty onset. There was no correlation with the andrological parameters analyzed; however, there was a positive and strong correlation between the testicular height and width at puberty onset with plasma concentrations of AMH. We concluded that AMH is not a helpful tool for the early prediction of puberty in Nelore bulls. 15 development collection kg, kg , (kg) 3 D0 D (D0 50106 50 106 50×10 spermatozoamL spermatozoa mL spermatozoa/mL 10 time ELISA 6114a 611 4a ±94.5, 945 ±94.5 94 5 (±94.5) ±181.99, 18199 ±181.99 181 99 (±181.99) 6216ab ab 621 6ab ±133.44, 13344 ±133.44 133 44 (±133.44) 3704ab 370 4ab ±59.36 5936 59 36 (±59.36 517b b 51 7b ±7.94 794 7 (±7.94 60, -60 30, -30 0 +3 +6 respectively cm, cm (cm) characteristics 6 analyzed however 1 (kg (D 5010 50×1 61 ±94. 9 (±94.5 1819 ±181.9 18 (±181.99 62 1334 ±133.4 13 4 (±133.44 37 ±59.3 593 (±59.3 ±7.9 79 (±7.9 -6 -3 + (cm 501 50× ±94 (±94. ±181. (±181.9 ±133. (±133.4 ±59. (±59. ±7. (±7. - ±9 (±94 ±181 (±181. ±133 (±133. ±59 (±59 ±7 (±7 ± (±9 ±18 (±181 ±13 (±133 ±5 (±5 (± ±1 (±18 (±13 ( (±1

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o perfil das concentrações séricas do AMH no período da peripuberdade em tourinhos. Oito bezerros da raça Nelore, com oito meses de idade, foram incluídos neste estudo. Os touros foram selecionados e avaliados por 150 dias para se avaliar seu desenvolvimento sexual. A coleta de sêmen e sangue, o peso corporal (kg) e as medidas escrotais foram realizadas a cada 30 dias, e a puberdade (D0) foi considerada quando pelo menos 50×106 espermatozoides/mL e 10% de motilidade progressiva fossem verificadas pela primeira vez. Após a coleta de sangue, o plasma foi separado e utilizado para determinação da concentração de AMH por ELISA, apresentando valores de 611,4a (±94,5), 555a (±181,99), 621,6ab (±133,44), 370,4ab (±59,36) e 51,7b (±7,94) para os momentos de -60, -30, 0, +30 e +60 da puberdade, respectivamente. No período avaliado, houve aumento progressivo do peso corporal (kg), da circunferência escrotal (cm) e alterações nas características do sêmen. A concentração plasmática média de AMH diminuiu 60 dias após o início da puberdade. Não houve correlação com os parâmetros andrológicos analisados; no entanto, houve correlação positiva e forte entre a altura e a largura testicular no início da puberdade com as concentrações plasmáticas do AMH. Concluiu-se que o AMH não é uma ferramenta útil para a predição precoce da puberdade em touros Nelore. tourinhos Nelore idade 15 sexual sangue kg (kg 3 D0 D (D0 50106 50 106 50×10 espermatozoidesmL espermatozoides mL 10 vez ELISA 6114a 611 4a ±94,5, 945 ±94,5 , 94 5 (±94,5) ±181,99, 18199 ±181,99 181 99 (±181,99) 6216ab ab 621 6ab ±133,44, 13344 ±133,44 133 44 (±133,44) 3704ab 370 4ab ±59,36 5936 59 36 (±59,36 517b b 51 7b ±7,94 794 7 (±7,94 60, -60 30, -30 0 +3 +6 respectivamente avaliado kg, cm (cm 6 analisados entanto Concluiuse Concluiu 1 (D 5010 50×1 61 ±94, 9 (±94,5 1819 ±181,9 18 (±181,99 62 1334 ±133,4 13 4 (±133,44 37 ±59,3 593 (±59,3 ±7,9 79 (±7,9 -6 -3 + 501 50× ±94 (±94, ±181, (±181,9 ±133, (±133,4 ±59, (±59, ±7, (±7, - ±9 (±94 ±181 (±181, ±133 (±133, ±59 (±59 ±7 (±7 ± (±9 ±18 (±181 ±13 (±133 ±5 (±5 (± ±1 (±18 (±13 ( (±1

Abstract Although control of Covid-19 has improved, the virus continues to cause infections, such as tuberculosis, that is still endemic in many countries, representing a scenario of coinfection. To compare Covid-19 clinical manifestations and outcomes between patients with active tuberculosis infection and matched controls. This is a matched case-control study based on data from the Brazilian Covid-19 Registry, in hospitalized patients aged 18 or over with laboratory confirmed Covid-19 from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022. Cases were patients with tuberculosis and controls were Covid-19 patients without tuberculosis. From 13,636 Covid-19, 36 also had active tuberculosis (0.0026%). Pulmonary fibrosis (5.6% vs 0.0%), illicit drug abuse (30.6% vs 3.0%), alcoholism (33.3% vs 11.9%) and smoking (50.0% vs 9.7%) were more common among patients with tuberculosis. They also had a higher frequency of nausea and vomiting (25.0% vs 10.4%). There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation, need for dialysis and ICU stay. Patients with TB infection presented a higher frequency of pulmonary fibrosis, abuse of illicit drugs, alcoholism, current smoking, symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The outcomes were similar between them. Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 improved infections countries coinfection casecontrol case Registry 1 2020 31 2022 13636 13 636 13,63 Covid19, 19, 3 0.0026%. 00026 0.0026% . 0 0026 (0.0026%) 5.6% 56 5 6 (5.6 0.0%, 00 0.0% , 0.0%) 30.6% 306 30 (30.6 3.0%, 3.0% 3.0%) 33.3% 333 33 (33.3 11.9% 119 11 9 50.0% 500 50 (50.0 9.7% 97 7 25.0% 250 25 (25.0 10.4%. 104 10.4% 10 4 10.4%) inhospital hospital mortality ventilation stay drugs them Covid1 Covid- 202 1363 63 13,6 0002 0.0026 002 (0.0026% 5.6 (5. 0.0 30.6 (30. 3.0 33.3 (33. 11.9 50.0 (50. 9.7 25.0 2 (25. 10.4 20 136 13, 000 0.002 (0.0026 5. (5 0. 30. (30 3. 33. (33 11. 50. (50 9. 25. (25 10. 0.00 (0.002 ( (3 (2 (0.00 (0.0 (0. (0

Abstract Neglected tropical diseases are a diverse group of communicable pathologies that mainly prevail in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the biological potential of eight 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds. Tests were carried out in silico to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties, the antioxidant, cytotoxic activities in animal cells and antiparasitic activities were evaluated against the different forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro. The in silico study showed that the evaluated compounds showed good oral availability. In a preliminary in vitro study, the compounds showed moderate to low antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity assays show that the compounds showed moderate to low toxicity. In relation to leishmanicidal activity, the compounds presented IC50 values that ranged from 19.86 to 200 µM for the promastigote form, while for the amastigote forms, IC50 ranged from 101 to more than 200 µM. The compounds showed better results against the forms of T. cruzi with IC50 ranging from 1.67 to 100 µM for the trypomastigote form and 1.96 to values greater than 200 µM for the amastigote form. This study showed that thiazole compounds can be used as future antiparasitic agents. regions Thus 44chlorophenylthiazole chlorophenylthiazole 4 chlorophenyl properties availability activity toxicity IC IC5 1986 19 86 19.8 20 10 T 167 1 67 1.6 196 96 1.9 agents 198 8 19. 2 16 6 1. 9

Cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic agent, but its use is limited by its nephrotoxicity caused by the oxidative stress in tubular epithelium of nephrons. On the other hand, regular exercise provides beneficial adaptations in different tissues and organs. As with many drugs, dosing is extremely important to get the beneficial effects of exercise. Thus, we aimed to investigate the influence of exercise intensity and frequency on cisplatin-induced (20 mg/kg) renal damage in mice. Forty male Swiss mice were divided into five experimental groups (n=8 per group): 1) sedentary; 2) low-intensity forced swimming, three times per week; 3) high-intensity forced swimming, three times per week; 4) low-intensity forced swimming, five times per week; and 5) high-intensity forced swimming, five times per week. Body composition, renal structure, functional indicators (plasma urea), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity, expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, and inflammatory and apoptotic pathways were evaluated. Comparisons considered exercise intensity and frequency. High lipid peroxidation was observed in the sedentary group compared with trained mice, regardless of exercise intensity and frequency. Groups that trained three times per week showed more benefits, as reduced tubular necrosis, plasma urea, expression of CASP3 and Rela (NFkB subunit-p65) genes, and increased total glutathione peroxidase activity. No significant difference in Nfe2l2 (Nrf2) gene expression was observed between groups. Eight weeks of regular exercise training promoted nephroprotection against cisplatin-mediated oxidative injury. Exercise frequency was critical for nephroprotection.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a relevant physiological variable for the estimation of cardiac autonomic function. Although the gold standard for HRV registration is the electrocardiogram (ECG), several applications (APPs) have been increasingly developed. The evaluation carried out by these devices must be compatible with ECG standards. The aim of this study was to compare the data obtained simultaneously with ECG and APP with chest heart rate transmitters. Fifty-six healthy individuals (28 men and 28 women) were evaluated at rest through a short simultaneous HRV measurement with both devices. Data from both acquisition systems were analyzed separately using their own analysis software and exported and analyzed using a validated software. Signal recordings were compatible between the two acquisition systems (Pearson r=0.99; P<0.0001). Although a high correlation was found for the HRV variables obtained in the time domain (Spearman r=0.99; P<0.0001), the correlation decreased in the frequency domain (Pearson r=0.85; P<0.0001) when two software programs were used. Comparison of the averages of spectral analysis parameters also showed differences when HRV data were analyzed separately in each device for low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands. Although the portability of these mobile devices allows for optimal HRV evaluation, the direct analysis obtained from these devices must be carefully evaluated with respect to frequency domain parameters.

RESUMO O vitiligo é uma doença dermatológica que pode afetar animais e humanos. Caracteriza-se por áreas despigmentadas, de formas e tamanhos variáveis, que surgem devido a destruição dos melanócitos. Existem algumas teorias que tentam explicar a etiopatogenia da doença, entretanto ainda não é totalmente esclarecida. As lesões podem aumentar ou diminuir com o tempo, por isso os tratamentos disponíveis são inconsistentes. Não foram encontrados dados epidemiológicos ou relatos de vitiligo em cavalos no Brasil. O equino deste relato apresentava lesões despigmentadas na região da face, incluindo pálpebras, narina e lábios, sem alterações sistêmicas. Por meio da avaliação clínica em conjunto com o exame histopatológico obteve-se o diagnóstico definitivo de vitiligo. Não foi instituído nenhuma terapia, e o equino foi acompanhado durante quatro anos. Durante esse período algumas lesões diminuíram e outras aumentaram de tamanho sendo também observado o aparecimento de novas lesões. O vitiligo não traz alterações sistêmicas, apenas mudanças estéticas, por isso a escolha pelo tratamento dependerá de cada caso.

ABSTRACT Vitiligo is a dermatological disease affecting both animals and humans. It is characterized by depigmented macules of varying shape and size, originated from melanocyte destruction. Even though there are some theories tackling causation, disease etiopathology is not yet certain. Moreover, lesion areas can either increase or diminish over time, and therefore, available treatment alternatives tend to prove inconsistencies. No epidemiological data or registered cases were found for equines in Brazil. The horse in this case description displayed depigmentation areas in facial regions, including upper lip, nose and lips. However, the individual did not happen to develop any systemic alteration. Through clinical evaluation, backed by a histopathological exam, a definitive vitiligo diagnosis was obtained. However, no therapeutic plan was stipulated. The animal was accompanied for four years, during which period some affected areas diminished while others increased in size. In addition, emergence of new skin lesions was also observed during the time the animal was studied. Overall, this disease does not display alterations to organism functionality, only aesthetic changes. Therefore, treatment plans may vary from case to case, occasionally being even ruled out.

Abstract The extensive marine biodiversity has proved to be a promising source of substances with biomedical potential. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the Brazilian octocoral Phyllogorgia dilatata (Gorgoniidae) was evaluated against two tumor cell lines and three bacterial strains. The methanol/dichloromethane crude extract presented no antibacterial activity up to the highest concentration tested (512 µg/mL), however it revealed a noteworthy antiproliferative effect against HCT-116 (80%) and MCF-7 (54%) cell lines at 50 μg/mL. Therefore, guided by the cytotoxic activity, a multistep chemical fractionation of the extract provided the subfraction 5 (PDPH2-5) with IC50 values of 3.18 and 17.80 μg/mL against HCT-116 and MCF-7, respectively. The LC-HRMS/MS analysis of PDPH2-5 showed ions of m/z 219.1742 and 219.1743, characterized as (E,E) and (Z,E) germacrone, after a LC-DAD-SPE/NMR analysis of the hexanic fraction and comparisons of NMR data with the literature. Previously reported assessments to the cytotoxic activity of the (E,E)-diastereoisomer disclosed higher IC50 values than that obtained for the PDPH2-5 fraction, suggesting, herein, a potentiated effect of the diastereoisomeric mixture. Such remark encourage further bioactivity studies with stereoisomer mixtures and reduce the urge for compound isolation.

Abstract Candida spp. is one of the main pathogens associated with nosocomial infection in Brazil and worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Candida yeasts in the ICU and their susceptibility to the antifungal agents terbinafine and fluconazole. The samples were collected by swabbing nine surfaces in the ICU of a hospital located in Pelotas, RS. These isolates were genetically characterized by sequencing the internal transcript spacer (ITS) using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The test against antifungals was performed by Microdilution in Broth (CLSI-M27-A4). 64 yeasts identified as Candida parapsilosis (45.31%; n = 29), Meyerozyma (Pichia) guilliermondii (28.12%; n = 18), Claviceps lusitaneae (25%; n = 16) and Candida tropicalis (1, 56%; n = 1) mostly at the counter used for handling medicines and food distribution (68.75%; n = 44). Susceptibility to antifungals varied between species. These results describe potentially pathogenic Candida species as contaminants in the ICU environment. The study environment is a potential source of exogenous infection for hospitalized patients.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a destoxificação da torta de mamona bruta (TMB), por meio de dois produtos alcalinos em diferentes concentrações, e seus efeitos sobre a composição química, a degradabilidade in situ da MS e o fracionamento de proteínas. Utilizou-se o hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] e o hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) em duas concentrações (60 e 90 gramas), diluídos em quatro quantidades de água (1.000; 1.500; 2.000 e 2.500mL de água por quilo de TMB). Observou-se que, das diferentes concentrações utilizadas, somente a utilização de 90 e 60 gramas de Ca(OH)2 e NaOH, respectivamente, conseguiu destoxificar 100% da TMB, ambas diluídas em 2.000mL de água. Por outro lado, ao avaliar o tempo mínimo de contato dos reagentes com a TMB para uma máxima destoxificação, observou-se que três horas de contato é o tempo necessário para os reagentes diminuírem em 100% as proteínas citotóxicas, além de não deixar atividade hemaglutinante nesse material. A destoxificação com o NaOH proporcionou maior degradação das proteínas solúveis e da matéria seca, favorecendo a disponibilização do nitrogênio não proteico, estando sua aplicação em escala industrial na dependência de estudos sobre viabilidade operacional e econômica.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the detoxification of crude castor (DCC) through two alkaline products in different concentrations and their effects on the chemical composition, in situ degradability of DM and the fractionation of proteins. We used the calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in two concentrations (60 and 90 grams) diluted in 4 quantities of water (1,000; 1,500; 2,000 and 2,500ml of water per kilo of DCC). It was observed that in the different concentrations used, only the use of 90 and 60 grams of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH, respectively managed to detoxify 100% of the DCC, both diluted in 2,000ml of water. On the other hand, when assessing the minimum time of contact of the reagents with the DCC for maximum detoxification, it was observed that with three hours of contact is the time required for the reagents decrease in 100% of the cytotoxic proteins, in addition to not leave haemagglutinating activity in this material. The detoxification with NaOH provided greater degradation of soluble proteins and degradation of dry matter, favoring the provision of non-protein nitrogen, while its application on an industrial scale is in the dependence of studies on operational feasibility and cost.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disponibilidade de cálcio (Ca2+) a partir de duas formas farmacêuticas (oral e intravaginal) e o seu efeito sobre o metabolismo de ruminantes. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, foram estudadas 24 ovelhas lactantes, divididas de forma randomizada em 4 grupos: dispositivo tratamento (DT); dispositivo controle (DC); oral tratamento (OT); e oral controle (OC). Os animais tratados receberam formiato de cálcio e cloreto de magnésio, as avaliações foram realizadas após a administração dos tratamentos. Foi feita avaliação de cálcio total (CaT), magnésio (Mg), proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamil transpeptidase (GGT), ureia, albumina e pH urinário, e realizado exame clínico em todos os animais. As concentrações séricas de CaT, CaI e Mg diferiram entre os grupos (P≤ 0,05), os animais dos grupos DT e DC, diferiram nas três avaliações, o grupo DT apresentou as maiores médias, sendo significativamente igual ao grupo OT. Não houve diferença nas concentrações séricas de PPT, AST, GGT, Albumina, Ureia e pH urinário. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade sanguínea de CaT, CaI e Mg é igual quando a administração de formiato de cálcio e magnésio é por via intravaginal ou por via oral, sem alterar outros parâmetros metabólicos avaliados.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the availability of calcium (Ca2+) from two pharmaceutical forms (oral and intravaginal) and its effect on the metabolism of ruminants. The study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Pelotas. Twenty-four lactating ewes were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment device (TD); control device (DC); oral treatment (OT); and oral control (OC). Treated animals received calcium formate and magnesium chloride, evaluations were performed after administration of the treatments. Total calcium (CaT), magnesium (Mg), total plasma proteins (PPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), urea, albumin and urinary pH, and clinical examination were performed on all animals. Serum CaT, CaI and Mg levels differed between the groups (P≤ 0.05), the animals in the DT and DC groups differed in the three evaluations, the DT group had the highest mean values, being significantly equal to the OT group. There was no difference in the serum concentrations of PPT, AST, GGT, Albumin, Urea and urinary pH. In conclusion, the blood availability of CaT, CaI and Mg is the same when administration of calcium and magnesium formate is intravaginal or orally, without altering other metabolic parameters evaluated.

RESUMO: Atualmente, no Brasil, existem poucos herbicidas registrados para a cultura do trigo com a finalidade de controle de plantas daninhas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a seletividade do pyroxsulam à cultura do trigo e o controle de Lolium multiflorum. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em campo, em diferentes localidades do Paraná. Nas doses de registro comercial de 15 e 18 g i.a. ha-1, pyroxsulam não causou injúria visual superior a 10% à cultura do trigo. Quando aumentada a dose do produto para 21 a 42 g i.a. ha-1, em Cascavel, ocorreu injúria superior a 10%; contudo, houve recuperação total dos sintomas aos 28 dias após a aplicação. O rendimento de grão de trigo não foi afetado em nenhuma das doses estudadas. O herbicida pyroxsulam aplicado nas doses de 15 ou 18 g i.a. ha-1 proporcionou controle superior a 85% em Lolium multiflorum nos dois experimentos.

ABSTRACT: Few herbicides are currently registered in Brazil for weed control in wheat. The objective of this research was to determine the wheat crop selectivity and the response of Lolium multiflorum to pyroxsulam. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Paraná, Brazil. At the proposed commercial rates of 15 and 18 g a.i. ha-1 pyroxsulam did not cause visual injury above 10% in wheat. Pyroxsulam caused >10% injury in wheat at one location (Cascavel) when applied at 21, 30, 36 and 42 g a.i. ha-1; however, the crop fully recovered from the injury by 28 days after application and did not have an adverse effect on wheat grain yield, regardless of the rate applied. Pyroxsulam applied at 15 or 18 g a.i. ha-1 provided excellent control (>85%) of Lolium multiflorum in both trials.

RESUMO A hipótese do presente estudo consiste em que uma dieta aniônica prolongada acarretaria uma mobilização mais rápida do cálcio sanguíneo. O objetivo proposto foi avaliar parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de novilhas, com hipocalcemia subclínica, submetidas a diferentes períodos de fornecimento de dieta aniônica no pré-parto. Foram utilizadas nove novilhas da raça Holandês induzidas à hipocalcemia subclínica no pré-parto, divididas em três grupos: G0 = sem dieta aniônica antes da indução; G11 = 11 dias de dieta aniônica pré-indução; e G15 = 15 dias de dieta aniônica pré-indução. Foi realizado exame clínico antes e depois da indução, e avaliaram-se cálcio total e ionizado, magnésio e albumina nos dias -2, 0, 1, 2 e 3 (dia 0 = momento da indução) e parâmetros hematológicos nos dias 0, 1, 2 e 3. O G11 apresentou maiores concentrações de cálcio total e ionizado que o G0 e maiores níveis de cálcio total que o G15 (P<0,01). O magnésio teve maiores valores no G15 quando comparado aos outros grupos (P<0,01). O G0 apresentou os maiores valores de monócitos e neutrófilos bastonetes (P<0,01). A dieta aniônica por 11 dias é suficiente para manter a homeostase do cálcio e a resposta leucocitária em novilhas desafiadas a uma diminuição do cálcio sanguíneo.

ABSTRACT This study's hypothesis is that cows receiving anionic diet for a longer period respond more quickly to decreased blood calcium. The aim was to evaluate the heifers’ clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters, with subclinical hypocalcemia, subjected to different periods of anionic diet supply during antepartum. Nine heifers were induced to subclinical hypocalcemia during antepartum, sorted in 3 groups: G0 = no anionic diet before induction; G11= eleven days of anionic diet before induction; and G15 = fifteen days of anionic diet before induction. Examinations were held before and after induction and total and ionized calcium, magnesium and albumin were evaluated from days -2, 0, 1, 2 and 3, day 0 being the moment of induction; hematologic parameters were evaluated at days 0, 1, 2 and 3. G11 presented a higher total and ionized calcium concentration than G0 and higher total calcium concentration than G15 (P < 0.01). Magnesium had its highest values at G15 when compared to the other two groups (P < 0.01). G0 presented its highest values of monocytes and neutrophils rods (P<0.01). The eleven days of anionic diet supply were enough to maintain calcium homeostasis and leukocyte response in heifers challenged to reduction in blood calcium.

RESUMO A hipótese deste estudo é de que o uso da combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina pode melhorar a resistência periférica à insulina, aumentar a quantidade de glicose disponível para a glândula mamária e a produção de leite. Assim, o objetivo foi investigar os efeitos combinados de butafosfan e cianocobalamina sobre o metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no período pós-parto. Vinte e uma vacas leiteiras foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo controle (CON, n= 11), que recebeu cinco aplicações de solução salina (20mL / animal 0,9% NaCl), e grupo Catosal(r) (ABC, n= 10), que recebeu cinco aplicações de 20mL de uma solução contendo as substâncias butafosfan e cianocobalamina (B12 Catosal(r), 100mg da substância butafosfan e 50µg de cianocobalamina por mL). As aplicações foram realizadas por via intramuscular, nos dias sete, 12, 17, 22 e 27 pós-parto. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de fósforo, glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), albumina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e creatina quinase (CK). Nos dias oito e 28 pós-parto, os animais foram pesados e submetidos aos testes de tolerância à glicose e à insulina. O tratamento promoveu perda de peso (ABC 40,4kg, CON 10,73kg, P<0,05) e aumento da AST (ABC 62,92 ±3,31U/L, CON 53,11±3,49 U / L, P<0,05) e dos níveis de CK (ABC 134,09± 19,08U / L, CON 79,43 ± 18,27U / L). Os grupos não diferiram quanto ao metabolismo (área sob a curva) da glicose nos dias oito e 28, porém os animais tratados tiveram um aumento na glicemia (P<0,05) no dia 28 pós-parto (97,54 ± 8,54mg / dL), após a administração de insulina, em comparação ao dia oito (83,01 ± 8,54mg / dL). Assim, pode-se concluir que a combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina melhora a adaptação do metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no início da lactação.

ABSTRACT The hypothesis of this study is that the combined use of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin could enhance peripheral insulin resistance, increasing the amount of glucose available for the mammary gland and milk production. Thus, our aim was to investigate the combined effects of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin on the glucose metabolism in dairy cows during the postpartum period. Twenty one dairy cows were divided into two groups: Control Group (CON, n= 11), that received 5 injections of saline solution (20mL/animal 0.9 % NaCl), and Catosal group (ABC, n= 10) which received 5 injections of 20mL of a Butafosfan and Cyanocobalamin solution (Catosal(r) B12, 100mg of Butafosfan and 50µg Cyanocobalamin for mL). The injections were performed by intramuscular route, on days 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27 postpartum. Blood samples were taken on these days to evaluate plasma concentrations of phosphorus, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK). On days 8 and 28 postpartum, the animals were weighted and subjected to the glucose tolerance and insulin challenge tests. The treatment promoted weight loss (ABC 40.4kg, CON 10.73kg, P< 0.05) and increased AST (ABC 62.92 ±3.31U/L, CON 53.11 ±3.49U/L, P< 0.05) and CK levels (ABC 134.09 ±19.08U/L, CON 79.43 ±18.27U/L). Glucose metabolism (area under the curve) did not differ (P> 0.05) among groups on days 8 and 28; however, ABC animals showed higher serum glucose levels (P< 0.05) after insulin administration on day 28 postpartum (97.54 ±8.54mg/dL) when compared to day 8 (83.01 ±8.54mg/dL). It could be concluded that the combined use of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin interferes positively with the adaptation of glucose metabolism in dairy cows in early lactation.

ABSTRACT Mansoa hirsuta (Bignoniaceae) is a native plant from caatinga in Brazilian semiarid. This plant has been locally used as antimicrobial and hypoglycemiant agents, but their action mechanisms and toxicity remain largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the composition and antioxidant, cytoprotective and hypoglycemiant effects of raw extract, fractions and compounds from leaves of M. hirsuta. The cytogenotoxic effects of ursolic and oleanolic acids, the main phytotherapic components of this plant, were assessed. The raw extract and fractions presented steroids, saponins, flavonols, flavanonols, flavanones, xanthones, phenols, tannins, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited efficiently the cascade of lipid peroxidation while the hydroalcoholic fraction was richer in total phenols and more efficient in capturing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (·DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+) radicals. The isolated fraction of M. hirsuta also inhibited the α-amylase activity. Cytotoxic effects were absent in both raw extract and fractions while ursolic+oleanolic acids were efficient in protecting cells after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, this mixture of acid shad no significant interference on the mitotic index and frequency of nuclear and/or chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa test. Therefore, M. hirsuta represents a potential source of phytochemicals against inflammatory and oxidative pathologies, including diabetes.